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Phungsiangdee Y, Chaothong P, Karnpanit W, Tanaviyutpakdee P. Validation of UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS Method for Determining Steviol Glycoside and Its Derivatives in Foods and Beverages. Foods 2023; 12:3941. [PMID: 37959060 PMCID: PMC10647612 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate a method for determining nine types of steviol glycoside and its derivatives in food and beverage products, using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC ESI MS/MS). The performance characteristics of the analysis method were determined along with their suitability for the intended use. Coefficient of determination (R2) calibration curves from 0.2 to 1.0 mg L-1 were in the ranges of 0.9911-0.9990, 0.9939-1.0000 and 0.9973-0.9999 for a beverage, yogurt and snack, respectively. Intra-day precisions in terms of percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) of concentration, at 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1, for the beverage, yogurt and snack were lower than 15% (1.1-9.3%). At all concentrations, percentage recoveries were in the accepted range of 70-120%. For the matrix effect study, matrix-matched calibration was used for all compounds, obtaining a linear concentration range from 0.2 mg L-1 to 1.0 mg L-1. Almost all matrix-matched results presented as percentage recoveries were within the accepted range of 80-120%. The limit of detection (LOD) for steviol glycosides ranged from 0.003 to 0.078 μg g-1, while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.011 to 0.261 μg g-1. These results indicate that the modified test method can be applied to determine the presence of steviol glycoside and its derivatives in a wide range of sample matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yollada Phungsiangdee
- Master of Science Program in Toxicology and Nutrition for Food Safety, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
- Food Toxicology Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Pimpuk Chaothong
- Food Toxicology Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Weeraya Karnpanit
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
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Analytical Methods for Determination of Non-Nutritive Sweeteners in Foodstuffs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113135. [PMID: 34073913 PMCID: PMC8197393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweeteners have been used in food for centuries to increase both taste and appearance. However, the consumption of sweeteners, mainly sugars, has an adverse effect on human health when consumed in excessive doses for a certain period, including alteration in gut microbiota, obesity, and diabetes. Therefore, the application of non-nutritive sweeteners in foodstuffs has risen dramatically in the last decade to substitute sugars. These sweeteners are commonly recognized as high-intensity sweeteners because, in a lower amount, they could achieve the same sweetness of sugar. Regulatory authorities and supervisory agencies around the globe have established the maximum amount of these high-intensity sweeteners used in food products. While the regulation is getting tighter on the market to ensure food safety, reliable analytical methods are required to assist the surveillance in monitoring the use of high-intensity sweeteners. Hence, it is also necessary to comprehend the most appropriate method for rapid and effective analyses applied for quality control in food industries, surveillance and monitoring on the market, etc. Apart from various analytical methods discussed here, extraction techniques, as an essential step of sample preparation, are also highlighted. The proper procedure, efficiency, and the use of solvents are discussed in this review to assist in selecting a suitable extraction method for a food matrix. Single- and multianalyte analyses of sweeteners are also described, employing various regular techniques, such as HPLC, and advanced techniques. Furthermore, to support on-site surveillance of sweeteners’ usage in food products on the market, non-destructive analytical methods that provide practical, fast, and relatively low-cost analysis are widely implemented.
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Li X, Li S, Li H, Wang J, Luo Q, Yin X. Quantification of artificial sweeteners in alcoholic drinks using direct analysis in real-time QTRAP mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2020; 342:128331. [PMID: 33097326 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners have been widely used as replacements for sugars in foods. Rapid determination of artificial sweeteners contained in various foods are highly desirable for the routine analysis. Here, we report a robust approach based on direct analysis in real time coupled with QTRAP mass spectrometry to screen and quantitate simultaneously seven artificial sweeteners, including aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame-K, neotame, sucralose, cyclamate and alitame in alcoholic drinks. The detection method merely involved a simple sample pretreatment process, with a good linearity, low limit of quantification, satisfied recovery and relative standard deviation for each target compound. More importantly, the approach is highly sensitive and accurate in monitoring the seven artificial sweeteners in whisky, Chinese liquors, beer and wines obtained from the supermarket. The results demonstrated that the approach described here could be suitable for large-scale application in routine quality control analysis of artificial sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- Laboratory of Food Safety, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Laboratory of Food Safety, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Laboratory of Food Safety, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Food Safety, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Qin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Morlock GE, Heil J. HI-HPTLC-UV/Vis/FLD-HESI-HRMS and bioprofiling of steviol glycosides, steviol, and isosteviol in Stevia leaves and foods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6431-6448. [PMID: 32328691 PMCID: PMC7442773 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Food products and botanicals on the global market need to be investigated in a more comprehensive way to detect effects, falsifications or adulterations. This is especially true for such ones containing Stevia leaves, Stevia extracts, or steviol glycosides. A multi-imaging profiling was developed exploiting hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). A minimalistic sample preparation, different mixtures of acetonitrile and water/buffer on the silica gel phase as well as derivatization reagents and optional hyphenation with high-resolution mass spectrometry were exploited. The hydrophilic interaction high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HI-HPTLC) development took 10 min for 48 analyses. It was used to screen Stevia leaf extracts and 20 different food products. For the first time, the biological and biochemical profiling of Stevia leaf products by HI-HPTLC-UV/Vis/FLD-assay pointed to 19 different bioactive compound bands found in the more natural multicomponent Stevia leaf extracts, whereas most of these activities were not existent for the steviol glycosides. The chemically isolated, purified, and EU-regulated steviol glycosides ease risk assessment and food product development. However, multipotent botanicals may have subtle impact on homeostasis via several metabolic pathways, providing benefits for the consumer's health. Analyzed side by side by means of the effect-directed profiling, their individual activity profiles were visualized as image and individual substances of importance were pointed out. Multi-imaging (comprehensive detection) plus non-targeted bioprofiling (focus on known and unknown bioactivity) allows for a fast detection of questionable product changes that occur along the global food chain and are particularly related to food safety. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud E Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Julia Heil
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Xia S, Yin D, Chen Y, Yang Z, Miao Y, Zhang W, Chen S, Zhao W, Zhang S. Simultaneous determination of three sulfanilamide artificial sweeteners in foodstuffs by capillary electrophoresis coupled with contactless conductivity detection based on porous aromatic frameworks enhanced solid phase extraction. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a simple and easy method of solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) is evaluated as a novel approach for the simultaneous determination of acesulfame-K (ACE), sodium saccharin (SAC), and sodium cyclamate (CYC) in foodstuffs without derivatization. To reduce the complex matrix interference resulting from the constituents of samples and enriched targets, porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) enhanced SPE, a suitable sample pretreatment procedure, was introduced. Several factors affecting extraction efficiency and electrophoretic separation were investigated. Additionally, the interaction mechanisms between the host (PAF-6) and guests (ACE, SAC, and CYC) were studied. Under the optimum conditions, three sulfanilamide artificial sweeteners were baseline separated within 8 min, exhibiting a linear calibration over two orders of magnitude (R2 > 0.995). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were considered better than those usually obtained by CE with ultraviolet and C4D detection. The proposed SPE–CE–C4D method has been successfully applied to analyse beverage samples and candied fruits with recoveries in the range of 78.89%–92.00%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaige Xia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhicong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Miao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wenfen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Center for Advanced Analysis and Computational Science, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- Center for Advanced Analysis and Computational Science, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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Iwakoshi K, Tahara S, Uematsu Y, Yamajima Y, Miyakawa H, Monma K, Kobayashi C, Takano I. Development of a highly sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of high-intensity sweeteners in processed foods. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1592:64-70. [PMID: 30718058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the simultaneous determination of two sweeteners (Advantame and Neotame) in processed foods using liquid chromatography (LC) with tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS) was developed herein. Chromatographic separations were performed using an ACQUITY UPLC CSH C18 column at 40 °C via a mobile phase comprising 10-mmol/L ammonium formate and methanol. Samples were prepared via rapid dialysis using 30% methanol solution in a thermostatic shaker set at 160 rpm and 50 °C for 1 h. The matrix in the test solution had no effect on the identification and quantification of the compound without a clean-up step using solid-phase extraction (SPE). This method satisfied all validation criteria with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 μg/g for all samples. Using this method, the amounts of Advantame and Neotame in 24 processed foods were subsequently investigated, with the results indicating their detection beyond the lower LOQ. Moreover, a multiple reaction monitoring information-dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion (MRM-IDA-EPI) method was developed and described to further enhance product-identification ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Iwakoshi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan.
| | - Shoichi Tahara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yoko Uematsu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamajima
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyakawa
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Kimio Monma
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Chigusa Kobayashi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takano
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
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