The effect of superfine tea powder addition on the acrylamide content of innovative Xinjiang nang products (tea nang)

Effects of steam explosion-modified rice bran dietary fiber on volatile flavor compounds retention and release of red date-flavored naan (ethnic specialty food of Xinjiang) during storage

This study explored the effects of steam explosion-modified rice bran dietary fiber (S-RBDF) on red date-flavored naan quality and flavor characteristics. The results revealed that the rheological properties of the dough were improved with the incremental addition of S-RBDF (0-5%). The microstructure revealed that adding an appropriate amount of S-RBDF (1-5%) enabled more starch granules to be embedded in the dough network. Notably, the addition of 5% S-RBDF resulted in naan with an optimum specific volume and texture, which consumers preferred. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that adding S-RBDF to naan contributed to the retention and sustained release of pleasant volatile compounds (e.g. red date flavor, etc.), while inhibiting the development of unpleasant volatile compounds by delaying the oxidation and decomposition of lipids and preserving the antioxidant phenolic compounds, thus contributing to flavor maintenance of naan during storage. Overall, these results provided a foundation for developing high-quality flavored naan.

Preparation and Performance Study of High-Strength and Corrosion-Resistant Cement-Based Materials Applied in Coastal Acid Rain Areas

Investigations regarding the preparation and durability of cement-based materials applied in specific coastal acid rain environments are scarce, particularly those involving the addition of four auxiliary cementitious materials (ACMs) to cement for modification. To improve the durability of concrete structures in coastal acid rain areas, a systematic study was conducted regarding the preparation of high-strength and corrosion-resistant cement-based materials using ACM systems composed of fly ash (FA), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), silica fume (SF), and desulfurization gypsum (DG) instead of partial cement. Through an orthogonal experimental design, the effect of the water-binder ratio, cementitious ratio, and replacement cement ratio on the compressive strength, corrosion resistance coefficient, and chloride ion permeability coefficient of the materials were analyzed and the mix proportions of the materials were evaluated and optimized using the comprehensive scoring method. The results show that implementing a FA:GBFS:SF:DG ratio of 2:6:1:1 to replace 60% of cement allows the consumption of calcium hydroxide crystals generated through cement hydration, promotes the formation of ettringite, optimizes the pore structures of cementitious materials, and improves the compressive strength, acid corrosion resistance, and chloride ion permeability of the materials. This study provides a reference for selecting concrete materials for buildings in coastal acid rain environments.

Simultaneous determination of dorzolamide and timolol by first-order derivative UV spectroscopy in simulated biological fluid for in vitro drug release testing

Dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate is a well-established fixed-dose combination for the treatment of glaucoma worldwide. The utilization of simulated biological fluids can give a superior understanding of the release mechanisms and practicable in vivo nature of a dosage form that can improve the predictive potential of in vitro drug release testing. No method has been reported so far for the simultaneous estimation of dorzolamide and timolol in simulated tear fluid. In the present study, a simple, precise, and accurate first-order derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the routine analysis of dorzolamide and timolol in simulated tear fluid is proposed for in vitro drug release testing. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines Q2 (R1). First-order derivative UV spectrophotometry was successfully applied to separate the overlapping peaks of dorzolamide and timolol by measuring peak amplitude at 251.80 nm and absorbance at 295.00 nm, respectively. The method was found to be accurate and precise, with a recovery range of 98.0 -101.0% and low relative standard deviations (<2.0%). The developed method was successfully applied for in vitro drug release testing of in-house in situ gel and marketed eye drops containing dorzolamide and timolol. Various mathematical models were adopted to fit the in vitro drug release profile. It was observed that the drug release of both drugs from the in situ gel and the marketed solution were best fitted by the Higuchi and first-order kinetic models, respectively. Moreover, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) provision was used for the validation of results. Overall, with the advantages of simple and fast operations, as well as reliability, the proposed method offers an ideal platform for routine analysis as compared to other high-cost and time-consuming chromatographic techniques. Having access to such a robust method will encourage the use of simulated tear fluid for in vitro drug release testing of ocular products and help to predict the in vivo performances of ophthalmic preparations.