Application of sorptive micro-extraction techniques for the pre-concentration of antibiotic drug residues from food samples - a review

The Application of Hydroxyapatite NPs for Adsorption Antibiotic from Aqueous Solutions: Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and Isotherm Studies

Antibiotic pollution has become a serious concern due to the extensive use of antibiotics, their resistance to removal, and their detrimental effects on aquatic habitats and humans. Hence, developing an efficient antibiotic removal process for aqueous solutions has become vital. Amoxicillin (Amox) is one of the antibiotics that has been efficiently removed from an aqueous solution using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs). The current study synthesizes and utilizes hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as a cost-effective adsorbent. Adsorbent dose, pH solution, initial Amox concentration, equilibrium time, and temperature are among the factors that have an evident impact on Amox antibiotic adsorption. The (200) mg dose, pH (5), temperature (25) °C, and time (120) min are shown to be the best-optimized values. The nonlinear Langmuir’s isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models with equilibrium capacities of 4.01 mg/g are highly compatible with the experimental adsorption data. The experimental parameters of the thermodynamic analysis show that the Amox antibiotic adsorption onto HAP NPs powder is spontaneous and exothermic.

Pretreatment Methods for the Determination of Antibiotics Residues in Food Samples and Detected by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Detectors: A Review

With the increasing use of antibiotics worldwide, antibiotic monitoring has become a topic of concern. After metabolizing of antibiotics in animals, the metabolites enter the environment through excreta or ingested by the human body via food chain that may exacerbate the emergence of antibiotic resistance and then threaten human's life. This article summarized several analytical methods used for the determination of antibiotics in recent 10 years. Due to the complex matrices and low concentration level of antibiotics in the food samples, a reliable analysis method is required to maximize the recovery rate. Several techniques like solid phase extraction (SPE), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and QuEChERS have been frequently used in the pretreatment process for analytes extraction and concentration. After the pretreatment, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry has been a reliable method for quantitative analysis and is able to determine multiple antibiotics simultaneously. This review also gives an overview about analytical conditions for antibiotics residues in different food samples and their method validation parameters.

Critical review of solid phase extraction for multiresidue clean-up and pre-concentration of antibiotics from livestock and poultry manure

The release of antibiotics into the environment from agricultural industries has received tremendous attention in recent years. Nonpoint source contamination of the terrestrial environment by these compounds can result from fertilisation of agricultural soils with manure. The presence of antibiotics and their metabolites in manure may pose a threat to agro-ecosystems. This may result in the emergence of antibiotic resistance bacteria in humans through the food chain and this is a major concern globally at the moment. Therefore, monitoring of manure for antibiotic residues is of vital importance in order to assess the risks of environmental pollution to human health by these drugs. Several sample pre-treatment techniques have been developed for the extraction of antibiotic residues from complex matrices including manure over the years. Despite new developments in recent years in separation science where the common trend is miniaturisation and green approaches, solid-phase extraction is still the most widely used technique in the extraction of antibiotics from agricultural wastes such as manure. In view of this, the aim of this review was to give a critical overview of studies that have been conducted in the past 6 years on the extraction of antibiotic residues from manure employing solid-phase extraction based on Oasis HLB and Strata-X. Adsorption mechanisms of these sorbents were also briefly discussed.

Nanoplatform-Integrated Miniaturized Solid-Phase Extraction Techniques: A Critical Review

Preparation of the biological samples is one of the most critical steps in sample analysis. In past decades, the liquid-liquid extraction technique has been used to extract the desired analytes from complex biological matrices. However, solid-phase extraction (SPE) gained popularity due to versatility, simplicity, selectivity, reproducibility, high sample recovery %, solvent economy, and time-saving nature. The superior extraction efficiency of SPE can be attributed to the development of advanced techniques, including the nanosorbents technology. The nanosorbent technology significantly simplified the sample preparation, improved the selectivity, diversified the application, and accelerated the sample analysis. This review critically expands on the to-date advancements reported in SPE with particular regards to the nanosorbent technology.