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Vakili O, Adibi Sedeh P, Pourfarzam M. Metabolic biomarkers in irritable bowel syndrome diagnosis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 560:119753. [PMID: 38821336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by altered bowel habits and abdominal discomfort during defecation. It significantly impacts life quality and work productivity for those affected. Global data suggests a slightly higher prevalence in females than in males. Today, unambiguous diagnosis of IBS remains challenging due to the absence of a specific biochemical, histopathological, or radiological test. Current diagnosis relies heavily on thorough symptom evaluation. Efforts by the Rome committees have established standardized diagnostic criteria (Rome I-IV), improving consistency and clinical applicability. Recent studies in this framework, seem to have successfully employed metabolomics techniques to identify distinct metabolite profiles in breath and stool samples of IBS patients, differentiating them from healthy controls and those with other functional GI disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Building on this success, researchers are investigating the presence of similar metabolites in easily accessible biofluids such as urine, potentially offering a less invasive diagnostic approach. Accordingly, this review focuses on key metabolites specifically detected in IBS patients' biological specimens, with a focus on urinary metabolites, using various methods, particularly mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques, including gas chromatography-MS (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS), and capillary electrophoresis-MS (CE-MS) metabolomics assays. These findings may make provision for a new set of non-invasive biomarkers for IBS diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Peyman Adibi Sedeh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Morteza Pourfarzam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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2
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Bilski K, Żeber-Lubecka N, Kulecka M, Dąbrowska M, Bałabas A, Ostrowski J, Dobruch A, Dobruch J. Microbiome Sex-Related Diversity in Non-Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3595-3609. [PMID: 38666955 PMCID: PMC11048804 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific discrepancies in bladder cancer (BCa) are reported, and new studies imply that microbiome may partially explain the diversity. We aim to provide characterization of the bladder microbiome in both sexes diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive BCa with specific insight into cancer grade. In our study, 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing was performed on midstream urine, bladder tumor sample, and healthy-appearing bladder mucosa. Bacterial DNA was isolated using QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit. Metagenomic analysis was performed using hypervariable fragments of the 16S rRNA gene on Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine platform. Of 41 sample triplets, 2153 taxa were discovered: 1739 in tumor samples, 1801 in healthy-appearing bladder mucosa and 1370 in midstream urine. Women were found to have smaller taxa richness in Chao1 index than men (p = 0.03). In comparison to low-grade tumors, patients with high-grade lesions had lower bacterial diversity and richness in urine. Significant differences between sexes in relative abundance of communities at family level were only observed in high-grade tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Bilski
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Independent Public Hospital of Prof. W. Orlowski, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Natalia Żeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Ż.-L.); (M.K.); (J.O.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Ż.-L.); (M.K.); (J.O.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Michalina Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Aneta Bałabas
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Ż.-L.); (M.K.); (J.O.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Jakub Dobruch
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Independent Public Hospital of Prof. W. Orlowski, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland;
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Czarnowski P, Bałabas A, Kułaga Z, Kulecka M, Goryca K, Pyśniak K, Unrug-Bielawska K, Kluska A, Bagińska-Drabiuk K, Głowienka-Stodolak M, Piątkowska M, Dąbrowska M, Żeber-Lubecka N, Wierzbicka-Rucińska A, Kotowska A, Więckowski S, Mikula M, Kapuśniak J, Socha P, Ostrowski J. Effects of Soluble Dextrin Fiber from Potato Starch on Body Weight and Associated Gut Dysbiosis Are Evident in Western Diet-Fed Mice but Not in Overweight/Obese Children. Nutrients 2024; 16:917. [PMID: 38612951 PMCID: PMC11013109 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study investigated the impact of starch degradation products (SDexF) as prebiotics on obesity management in mice and overweight/obese children. METHODS A total of 48 mice on a normal diet (ND) and 48 on a Western diet (WD) were divided into subgroups with or without 5% SDexF supplementation for 28 weeks. In a human study, 100 overweight/obese children were randomly assigned to prebiotic and control groups, consuming fruit and vegetable mousse with or without 10 g of SDexF for 24 weeks. Stool samples were analyzed for microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and amino acids (AA) were assessed. RESULTS Results showed SDexF slowed weight gain in female mice on both diets but only temporarily in males. It altered bacterial diversity and specific taxa abundances in mouse feces. In humans, SDexF did not influence weight loss or gut microbiota composition, showing minimal changes in individual taxa. The anti-obesity effect observed in mice with WD-induced obesity was not replicated in children undergoing a weight-loss program. CONCLUSIONS SDexF exhibited sex-specific effects in mice but did not impact weight loss or microbiota composition in overweight/obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Czarnowski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aneta Bałabas
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Zbigniew Kułaga
- Public Health Department, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
- Genomic Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kazimiera Pyśniak
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Unrug-Bielawska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Kluska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Bagińska-Drabiuk
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Głowienka-Stodolak
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Piątkowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Michalina Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Natalia Żeber-Lubecka
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aldona Wierzbicka-Rucińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aneta Kotowska
- Public Health Department, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Sebastian Więckowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Eating Disorders, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (S.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Michał Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Janusz Kapuśniak
- Department of Dietetics and Food Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Eating Disorders, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (S.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
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Lluansí A, Llirós M, Carreras-Torres R, Bahí A, Capdevila M, Feliu A, Vilà-Quintana L, Elias-Masiques N, Cueva E, Peries L, Torrealba L, Miquel-Cusachs JO, Sàbat M, Busquets D, López C, Delgado-Aros S, Garcia-Gil LJ, Elias I, Aldeguer X. Impact of bread diet on intestinal dysbiosis and irritable bowel syndrome symptoms in quiescent ulcerative colitis: A pilot study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297836. [PMID: 38363772 PMCID: PMC10871487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota may be involved in the presence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptomatology in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients in remission. Bread is an important source of dietary fiber, and a potential prebiotic. To assess the effect of a bread baked using traditional elaboration, in comparison with using modern elaboration procedures, in changing the gut microbiota and relieving IBS-like symptoms in patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis. Thirty-one UC patients in remission with IBS-like symptoms were randomly assigned to a dietary intervention with 200 g/d of either treatment or control bread for 8 weeks. Clinical symptomatology was tested using questionnaires and inflammatory parameters. Changes in fecal microbiota composition were assessed by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. A decrease in IBS-like symptomatology was observed after both the treatment and control bread interventions as reductions in IBS-Symptom Severity Score values (p-value < 0.001) and presence of abdominal pain (p-value < 0.001). The treatment bread suggestively reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (p-value = 0.058). In addition, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio seemed to be associated with improving IBS-like symptoms as suggested by a slight decrease in patient without abdominal pain (p-value = 0.059). No statistically significant differential abundances were found at any taxonomic level. The intake of a bread baked using traditional elaboration decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which seemed to be associated with improving IBS-like symptoms in quiescent ulcerative colitis patients. These findings suggest that the traditional bread elaboration has a potential prebiotic effect improving gut health (ClinicalTrials.gov ID number of study: NCT05656391).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Lluansí
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Llirós
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Robert Carreras-Torres
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Bahí
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Capdevila
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Feliu
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Vilà-Quintana
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Laia Peries
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Leyanira Torrealba
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Josep Oriol Miquel-Cusachs
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Míriam Sàbat
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Girona, Spain
| | - David Busquets
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Carmen López
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Delgado-Aros
- Gastroenterology Scientific advisor to Elias-Boulanger S.L., Vilassar de Mar, Spain
| | - Librado Jesús Garcia-Gil
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Isidre Elias
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Xavier Aldeguer
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
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Velez Lopez A, Waddell A, Antonacci S, Castillo D, Santucci N, Ollberding NJ, Eshleman EM, Denson LA, Alenghat T. Microbiota-derived butyrate dampens linaclotide stimulation of the guanylate cyclase C pathway in patient-derived colonoids. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14681. [PMID: 37736865 PMCID: PMC10841278 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are complex conditions that result in decreased quality of life and a significant cost burden. Linaclotide, a guanylin cyclase C (GCC) receptor agonist, is approved as a DGBI treatment. However, its efficacy has been limited and variable across DGBI patients. Microbiota and metabolomic alterations are noted in DGBI patients, provoking the hypothesis that the microbiota may impact the GCC response to current therapeutics. METHODS Human-derived intestinal organoids were grown from pediatric DGBI, non-IBD colon biopsies (colonoids). Colonoids were treated with 250 nM linaclotide and assayed for cGMP to develop a model of GCC activity. Butyrate was administered to human colonoids overnight at a concentration of 1 mM. Colonoid lysates were analyzed for cGMP levels by ELISA. For the swelling assay, colonoids were photographed pre- and post-treatment and volume was measured using ImageJ. Principal coordinate analyses (PCoA) were performed on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity and Jaccard distance to assess differences in the community composition of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing microbial species in the intestinal microbiota from pediatric patients with IBS and healthy control samples. KEY RESULTS Linaclotide treatment induced a significant increase in [cGMP] and swelling of patient-derived colonoids, demonstrating a human in vitro model of linaclotide-induced GCC activation. Shotgun sequencing analysis of pediatric IBS patients and healthy controls showed differences in the composition of commensal SCFA-producing bacteria. Butyrate exposure significantly dampened linaclotide-induced cGMP levels and swelling in patient-derived colonoids. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Patient-derived colonoids demonstrate that microbiota-derived butyrate can dampen human colonic responses to linaclotide. This study supports incorporation of microbiota and metabolomic assessment to improve precision medicine for DGBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Velez Lopez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Amanda Waddell
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Simona Antonacci
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Neha Santucci
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Nicholas J. Ollberding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Emily M. Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Lee A. Denson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
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Qu Y, Park SH, Dallas DC. The Role of Bovine Kappa-Casein Glycomacropeptide in Modulating the Microbiome and Inflammatory Responses of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:3991. [PMID: 37764775 PMCID: PMC10538225 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder marked by chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and irregular bowel habits. Effective treatments are still actively sought. Kappa-casein glycomacropeptide (GMP), a milk-derived peptide, holds promise because it can modulate the gut microbiome, immune responses, gut motility, and barrier functions, as well as binding toxins. These properties align with the recognized pathophysiological aspects of IBS, including gut microbiota imbalances, immune system dysregulation, and altered gut barrier functions. This review delves into GMP's role in regulating the gut microbiome, accentuating its influence on bacterial populations and its potential to promote beneficial bacteria while inhibiting pathogenic varieties. It further investigates the gut microbial shifts observed in IBS patients and contemplates GMP's potential for restoring microbial equilibrium and overall gut health. The anti-inflammatory attributes of GMP, especially its impact on vital inflammatory markers and capacity to temper the low-grade inflammation present in IBS are also discussed. In addition, this review delves into current research on GMP's effects on gut motility and barrier integrity and examines the changes in gut motility and barrier function observed in IBS sufferers. The overarching goal is to assess the potential clinical utility of GMP in IBS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Qu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (Y.Q.); (S.H.P.)
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (Y.Q.); (S.H.P.)
| | - David C. Dallas
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (Y.Q.); (S.H.P.)
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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7
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Salmeri N, Sinagra E, Dolci C, Buzzaccarini G, Sozzi G, Sutera M, Candiani M, Ungaro F, Massimino L, Danese S, Mandarino FV. Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Endometriosis: Birds of a Feather Flock Together-A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2089. [PMID: 37630649 PMCID: PMC10458414 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are chronic conditions affecting up to 10% of the global population, imposing significant burdens on healthcare systems and patient quality of life. Interestingly, around 20% of endometriosis patients also present with symptoms indicative of IBS. The pathogenesis of both these multifactorial conditions remains to be fully elucidated, but connections to gut microbiota are becoming more apparent. Emerging research underscores significant differences in the gut microbiota composition between healthy individuals and those suffering from either endometriosis or IBS. Intestinal dysbiosis appears pivotal in both conditions, exerting an influence via similar mechanisms. It impacts intestinal permeability, triggers inflammatory reactions, and initiates immune responses. Furthermore, it is entwined in a bidirectional relationship with the brain, as part of the gut-brain axis, whereby dysbiosis influences and is influenced by mental health and pain perception. Recent years have witnessed the development of microbiota-focused therapies, such as low FODMAP diets, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, designed to tackle dysbiosis and relieve symptoms. While promising, these treatments present inconsistent data, highlighting the need for further research. This review explores the evidence of gut dysbiosis in IBS and endometriosis, underscoring the similar role of microbiota in both conditions. A deeper understanding of this common mechanism may enable enhanced diagnostics and therapeutic advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Salmeri
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.D.); (G.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Emanuele Sinagra
- Gastroenterology & Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pietra Pollastra Pisciotto, 90015 Cefalù, Italy;
| | - Carolina Dolci
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.D.); (G.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanni Buzzaccarini
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.D.); (G.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Giulio Sozzi
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pietra Pollastra Pisciotto, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (G.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Miriam Sutera
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pietra Pollastra Pisciotto, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (G.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Massimo Candiani
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.D.); (G.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.U.); (L.M.); (S.D.); (F.V.M.)
| | - Luca Massimino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.U.); (L.M.); (S.D.); (F.V.M.)
| | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.U.); (L.M.); (S.D.); (F.V.M.)
| | - Francesco Vito Mandarino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.U.); (L.M.); (S.D.); (F.V.M.)
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Wu X, Zhou Y, Chen G, Zheng C, Dong H, Xiong F, Zhang M, Huang G, Xu X. Effect of Electroacupuncture with Different Current Intensities on the Serum Metabolomics of Functional Constipation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:9693390. [PMID: 37496821 PMCID: PMC10368503 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9693390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the serum metabolomics of electroacupuncture (EA) with different current intensities in the treatment of functional constipation (FC). Methods The total number of FC patients was 19, (7, 6, 6, in the low current intensity group (LCI), high current intensity group (HCI), and mosapride citrate tablet control group (MC), respectively). Patients in the EA groups received 16 sessions of acupuncture treatments. Patients in the MC group were orally administered 5 mg mosapride citrate tablets 3 times daily, and serum samples were collected from the patients before and after treatment. Orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to assess the metabolic data. The significant differences before and after FC treatment are shown in the OPLS-DA score plot. Variable importance plots (VIPs) and T tests were used to identify significant metabolites. Results Among the three groups, the number of metabolites with VIP > 1 was 11, 7, and 21 (in LCI, HCI and MC groups, respectively). Compared with those before treatment, the serum metabolites of patients were characterized by increased levels of L-ornithine (p < 0.05) and glyceric acid in the LCI group (p < 0.05), increased levels of vanillic acid in the MC group (p < 0.05), and decreased levels of arabinonic acid in the MC group (p < 0.05). Conclusions The effects of EA treatment on the serum metabolomics of FC may involve fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - CuiHong Zheng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Haoxu Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fan Xiong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Mingmin Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Guangyin Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaohu Xu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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9
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Pecyna P, Gabryel M, Mankowska-Wierzbicka D, Nowak-Malczewska DM, Jaskiewicz K, Jaworska MM, Tomczak H, Rydzanicz M, Ploski R, Grzymislawski M, Dobrowolska A, Gajecka M. Gender Influences Gut Microbiota among Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10424. [PMID: 37445604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disease that affects approximately 11% of the general population. The gut microbiota, among other known factors, plays a substantial role in its pathogenesis. The study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota differences between patients with IBS and unaffected individuals, taking into account the gender aspect of the patients and the types of IBS determined on the basis of the Rome IV Criteria, the IBS-C, IBS-D, IBS-M, and IBS-U. In total, 121 patients with IBS and 70 unaffected individuals participated in the study; the derived stool samples were subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The gut microbiota of patients with IBS was found to be more diverse in comparison to unaffected individuals, and the differences were observed primarily among Clostridiales, Mogibacteriaceae, Synergistaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Blautia spp., and Shuttleworthia spp., depending on the study subgroup and patient gender. There was higher differentiation of females' gut microbiota compared to males, regardless of the disease status. No correlation between the composition of the gut microbiota and the type of IBS was found. Patients with IBS were characterized by more diverse gut microbiota compared to unaffected individuals. The gender criterion should be considered in the characterization of the gut microbiota. The type of IBS did not determine the identified differences in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pecyna
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Gabryel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Mankowska-Wierzbicka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota M Nowak-Malczewska
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Marcelina M Jaworska
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Tomczak
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Central Microbiology Laboratory, H. Swiecicki Clinical Hospital at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Rydzanicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Ploski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marian Grzymislawski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marzena Gajecka
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
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10
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Zhu H, Zhang Y, Du S, Wang H, Zheng Y. Colonic mucosal biopsy location can not affect the results of mucosal metabolomics and mucosal microbiota analysis in IBS. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1183484. [PMID: 37351069 PMCID: PMC10282601 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1183484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare and analyze the mucosal metabolites and mucosal microbiota of different parts of colon in patients with IBS. Methods A total of 10 patients with IBS-D and six healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. All enrolled participants underwent two biopsies of the ileocecal and sigmoid colon during colonoscopy. Metabolomic profiling of one piece of tissue was conducted using desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS), and the gut flora of the other piece was examined using 16S rRNA sequencing. The metabolic profiles and flora of the ileocecal and sigmoid colonic mucosa in each group were further analyzed in this study. Results (1) Principal components analysis (PCA) indicated that mucosal metabolites did not differ in different parts of the colon in either the IBS-D or HC groups. (2) In the mucosal microbiome analyses, no differences between the microbiota of the two parts of the colon were found by using Principal Co-ordinates Analysis (PCoA). In IBS group, comparing with sigmoid mucosa, the chao1 richness indice was higher and the Shannon index was lower in the ileocecal mucosa (p = 0.40, p = 0.22). However, in the HC group, microbiome analysis of the ileocecal mucosa showed lower values for Chao 1 and Shannon indices than those of the sigmoid colon mucosa (p = 0.06, p = 0.86). (3) Compared with the HC group, 1,113 metabolic signal peaks were upregulated, whereas 594 metabolites were downregulated in the IBS-D samples. Moreover, the PCA of the metabolites showed significant separation between the IBS-D and HC groups. (4) Chao1 expression was significantly higher in the mucosal microbiota with IBS-D than in the HC (p = 0.03). The Shannon index was lower in IBS-D, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.53). PCoA revealed a significant difference in the microflora structure between the IBS-D and HC groups. Conclusion The mucosal metabolic profile and mucosal flora structure of the colon were similar, despite different locations in IBS and healthy subjects. IBS had abnormal colonic mucosal metabolism and flora disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huifen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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11
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Shaikh SD, Sun N, Canakis A, Park WY, Weber HC. Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Gut Microbiome: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072558. [PMID: 37048642 PMCID: PMC10095554 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. It has a prevalence of 10 to 25% in the United States and has a high disease burden, as evidenced by reduced quality of life, decreased work productivity and increased healthcare utilization and costs. IBS has been associated with several intra-intestinal and extra-intestinal conditions, including psychiatric comorbidities. Although the pathophysiology of IBS has not been fully elucidated, it involves dysregulation of communication between the brain and gut (brain–gut axis) which is associated with alterations in intestinal motility, gut permeability, visceral hypersensitivity and gut microbiota composition. The purpose of this article is to review the role the gut microbiota plays in the pathophysiology of IBS, understand factors that affect the gut microbiome and explore the microbiome as a target of treatment.
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12
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Hao M, Song J, Zhai X, Cheng N, Xu C, Gui S, Chen J. Improvement of loperamide-hydrochloride-induced intestinal motility disturbance by Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides through effects on gut microbes and colonic serotonin. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1105272. [PMID: 36992686 PMCID: PMC10040651 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a common gastrointestinal symptom characterized by intestinal motility disorder. The effects of Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides (PGP) on intestinal motility have not been confirmed. We established a rat model of constipation induced by loperamide hydrochloride to elucidate the therapeutic effect of PGP on intestinal motility disorder and to explore the possible mechanism. After PGP treatment (400 and 800 mg/kg) for 21 d, PGP clearly relieved gastrointestinal motility, including fecal water content, gastric emptying rate, and intestinal transit rate. Moreover, the secretion of motility-related hormones, gastrin and motilin, were increased. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence results confirmed that PGP significantly increased the secretion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and the expression of related proteins, such as tryptophan hydroxylase 1, 5-HT4 receptor, and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that PGP significantly increased the relative abundance of Roseburia, Butyricimonas, and Ruminiclostridium, which were positively correlated with 5-HT levels. However, the relative abundance of Clostridia_UCG-014, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus were decreased. PGP improved intestinal transport by regulating the levels of 5-HT, which interacts with the gut microbiota and the intestinal neuro-endocrine system, further affecting constipation. Overall, PGP is a potential supplement for the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Hao
- College of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Song
- College of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhai
- College of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Nuo Cheng
- College of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Xu
- College of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- College of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Chen
- College of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Chen,
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13
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Yang H, Wu C, Chen L, Chang X, Luo G, Wu K, Tian W. A. macrocephala polysaccharide induces alterations to gut microbiome and serum metabolome in constipated mice. Microb Pathog 2023; 178:106084. [PMID: 36990166 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide (AC1) is extracted from the root of the Chinese herb Atractylodes Macrocephala and is used in the treatment of constipation due to its effects on strengthening cellular immunity and regulating intestinal function. In this study, Metagenomics and Metabolomic are used to analyze the effects of AC1 on the gut microbiota and host metabolites in mice models of constipation. The results show that the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_A4, Bact-oides_vulgatus and Prevotella_sp_CAG:891 increased significantly, indicating that AC1-targeted strain modulation effectively alleviated the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Besides, the microbial alterations also influenced the metabolic pathways of the mice, including tryptophan metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid synthesis and bile acid metabolism. The physiological parameters of the mice treated with AC1 are improved, such as tryptophan in the colon, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In conclusion, AC1 as a probiotic can regulate intestinal flora to normal levels and achieve the effect of treating constipation.
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14
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Chadchan SB, Naik SK, Popli P, Talwar C, Putluri S, Ambati CR, Lint MA, Kau AL, Stallings CL, Kommagani R. Gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites promotes endometriosis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:28. [PMID: 36693853 PMCID: PMC9873805 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a pathological condition of the female reproductive tract characterized by the existence of endometrium-like tissue at ectopic sites, affecting 10% of women between the age 15 and 49 in the USA. However, currently there is no reliable non-invasive method to detect the presence of endometriosis without surgery and many women find hormonal therapy and surgery as ineffective in avoiding the recurrences. There is a lack of knowledge on the etiology and the factors that contribute to the development of endometriosis. A growing body of recent evidence suggests an association between gut microbiota and endometriosis pathophysiology. However, the direct impact of microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites on the endometriosis disease progression is largely unknown. To understand the causal role of gut microbiota and endometriosis, we have implemented a novel model using antibiotic-induced microbiota-depleted (MD) mice to investigate the endometriosis disease progression. Interestingly, we found that MD mice showed reduced endometriotic lesion growth and, the transplantation of gut microbiota by oral gavage of feces from mice with endometriosis rescued the endometriotic lesion growth. Additionally, using germ-free donor mice, we indicated that the uterine microbiota is dispensable for endometriotic lesion growth in mice. Furthermore, we showed that gut microbiota modulates immune cell populations in the peritoneum of lesions-bearing mice. Finally, we found a novel signature of microbiota-derived metabolites that were significantly altered in feces of mice with endometriosis. Finally, we found one the altered metabolite, quinic acid promoted the survival of endometriotic epithelial cells in vitro and lesion growth in vivo, suggesting the disease-promoting potential of microbiota-derived metabolites. In summary, these data suggest that gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolome contribute to lesion growth in mice, possibly through immune cell adaptations. Of translational significance, these findings will aid in designing non-invasive diagnostics using stool metabolites for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangappa B Chadchan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sumanta K Naik
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pooja Popli
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chandni Talwar
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Satwikreddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar R Ambati
- Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Lint
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrew L Kau
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Kommagani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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15
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Current and Future Therapeutic Options for Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea and Functional Diarrhea. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 68:1677-1690. [PMID: 36376576 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea and functional diarrhea are disorders of gut-brain interaction presenting with chronic diarrhea; they have significant impact on quality of life. The two conditions may exist as a continuum and their treatment may overlap. Response to first-line therapy with antispasmodics and anti-diarrheal agents is variable, leaving several patients with suboptimal symptom control and need for alternative therapeutic options. Our aim was to discuss current pharmacologic options and explore alternative therapeutic approaches and future perspectives for symptom management in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea and functional diarrhea. We conducted a search of PubMed, Cochrane, clinicaltrial.gov, major meeting abstracts for publications on current, alternative, and emerging drugs for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea and functional diarrhea. Currently approved therapeutic options for patients with first-line refractory irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea and functional diarrhea include serotonin-3 receptor antagonists, eluxadoline and rifaximin. Despite their proven efficacy, cost and availability worldwide impact their utilization. One-third of patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction with diarrhea have bile acid diarrhea and may benefit from drugs targeting bile acid synthesis and excretion. Further understanding of underlying pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea and functional diarrhea related to bile acid metabolism, gastrointestinal transit, and microbiome has led to evaluation of novel therapeutic approaches, including fecal microbiota transplantation and enterobacterial "crapsules". These opportunities to treat disorders of gut-brain interaction with diarrhea should be followed with formal studies utilizing large samples of well-characterized patients at baseline and validated response outcomes as endpoints for regulatory approval.
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16
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Zeber-Lubecka N, Kulecka M, Lindner B, Krynicki R, Paziewska A, Nowakowski A, Bidzinski M, Ostrowski J. Increased diversity of a cervical microbiome associates with cervical cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1005537. [PMID: 36249017 PMCID: PMC9562559 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1005537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The cervical microbiome (CM) is a complex ecosystem that can change in response to gynecological cancers. We aimed to evaluate changes in the CM of patients who underwent chemoradiation (CRT) therapy for locally advanced cervical cancer. Before and after CRT, cervical swab samples were collected from 16 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, and 30 healthy women. All samples were subjected to 16s rRNA-Seq analysis. In healthy premenopausal women the CM comprised mostly Lactobacillus (>90%); the CM community in samples from both pre- and postmenopausal pre-treatment cancer patients was heterogeneous, with a low proportion of Lactobacillus in younger cases. On the genus level, 27 and 11 taxa differentiated healthy controls from cancer patients in pre- and postmenopausal age groups, while 31 and 2 genera differentiated pre- and post-radiation samples and pre-radiation and the follow-up samples, respectively. Microbiome diversity was significantly higher in pre-treatment patients than in healthy controls. The results reveal significant alterations in the CM of cervical cancer patients relative to that in healthy controls; these changes were more striking after CRT. However, further research is needed to determine whether alteration of the CM offers new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusław Lindner
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Krynicki
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowakowski
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Bidzinski
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Jerzy Ostrowski,
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17
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Zeber-Lubecka N, Kulecka M, Załęska-Oracka K, Dąbrowska M, Bałabas A, Hennig EE, Szymanek-Szwed M, Mikula M, Jurkiewicz B, Ostrowski J. Gene Expression-Based Functional Differences between the Bladder Body and Trigonal Urothelium in Adolescent Female Patients with Micturition Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061435. [PMID: 35740457 PMCID: PMC9220714 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the molecular differences between the urothelial transcriptomes of the bladder body and trigone. The transcriptomes of the bladder body and trigonal epithelia were analyzed by massive sequencing of total epithelial RNA. The profiles of urothelial and urinal microbiomes were assessed by amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in 17 adolescent females with pain and micturition dysfunction and control female subjects. The RNA sequencing identified 10,261 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the urothelia of the bladder body and trigone, with the top 1000 DEGs at these locations annotated to 36 and 77 of the Reactome-related pathways in the bladder body and trigone, respectively. These pathways represented 11 categories enriched in the bladder body urothelium, including extracellular matrix organization, the neuronal system, and 15 categories enriched in the trigonal epithelium, including RHO GTPase effectors, cornified envelope formation, and neutrophil degranulation. Five bacterial taxa in urine differed significantly in patients and healthy adolescent controls. The evaluation of their transcriptomes indicated that the bladder body and trigonal urothelia were functionally different tissues. The molecular differences between the body and trigonal urothelia responsible for clinical symptoms in adolescents with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Z.-L.); (M.K.); (E.E.H.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Z.-L.); (M.K.); (E.E.H.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Załęska-Oracka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marii Konopnickiej 65, 05-092 Dziekanow Lesny, Poland; (K.Z.-O.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Michalina Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Aneta Bałabas
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Ewa E. Hennig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Z.-L.); (M.K.); (E.E.H.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Szymanek-Szwed
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marii Konopnickiej 65, 05-092 Dziekanow Lesny, Poland; (K.Z.-O.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Michał Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Beata Jurkiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marii Konopnickiej 65, 05-092 Dziekanow Lesny, Poland; (K.Z.-O.); (M.S.-S.)
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (J.O.); Tel.: +48-22-765-7154 (B.J.); +48-22-546-25-75 (J.O.)
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Z.-L.); (M.K.); (E.E.H.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (J.O.); Tel.: +48-22-765-7154 (B.J.); +48-22-546-25-75 (J.O.)
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Ling X, Peng S, Zhong J, Guo L, Xu Y, Jin X, Chu F. Effects of Chang-Kang-Fang Formula on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Rats With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:778032. [PMID: 35614949 PMCID: PMC9125359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.778032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chang-Kang-Fang formula (CKF), a multi-herb traditional Chinese medicine, has been used in clinical settings to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Recent studies show that 5.0 g/kg/d CKF can alleviate the symptoms of IBS rats by modulating the brain-gut axis through the production of brain-gut peptides (BGPs), thus relieving pain, and reversing the effects of intestinal propulsion disorders. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of CKF in IBS remain unclear. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is central to the pathogenesis of IBS, regulating BGPs, depression-like behaviors, and gut microbiota. Given that CKF ameliorates IBS via the MGBA, we performed metabolomic analyses, evaluated the gut microbiota, and system pharmacology to elucidate the mechanisms of action of CKF. The results of intestinal tract motility, abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR), sucrose preference test (SPT), and the forced swimming test (FST) showed that the male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to chronic acute combining stress (CACS) for 22 days exhibited altered intestinal motility, visceral hypersensitivity, and depression-like behaviors. Treatment of IBS rats with CKF normalized dysfunctions of CACS-induced central and peripheral nervous system. CKF regulated BDNF and 5-HT levels in the colon and hippocampus as well as the expressions of the related BGP pathway genes. Moreover, the system pharmacology assays were used to assess the physiological targets involved in the action of CKF, with results suggesting that CKF putatively functioned through the 5-HT-PKA-CREB-BDNF pathway. LC-MS-based metabolomics identified the significantly altered 5-HT pathway-related metabolites in the CKF treatment group, and thus, the CKF-related signaling pathways were further examined. After pyrosequencing-based analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA (V3 + V4 region) using rat feces, the Lefse analysis of gut microbiota suggested that CKF treatment could induce structural changes in the gut microbiota, thereby regulating it by decreasing Clostridiales, and the F-B ratio while increasing the levels of Lactobacillus. Furthermore, the integrated analysis showed a correlation of CKF-associated microbes with metabolites. These findings showed that CKF effectively alleviated IBS, which was associated with the altered features of the metabolite profiles and the gut microbiota through a bidirectional communication along the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbin Zhong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lirong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fujiang Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Singh P, Alm EJ, Kelley JM, Cheng V, Smith M, Kassam Z, Nee J, Iturrino J, Lembo A. Effect of antibiotic pretreatment on bacterial engraftment after Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) in IBS-D. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2020067. [PMID: 35014601 PMCID: PMC8757476 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an attractive strategy to correct microbial dysbiosis in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Although the mechanism of FMT is thought to be bacterial engraftment, the best approach to achieve engraftment after FMT in IBS-D (and other diseases) is not clear. We evaluated the effect of FMT (with or without pretreatment with antibiotics) on gut microbiome and symptoms in patients with IBS-D. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, single-center study, 44 patients with IBS-D with a least moderate severity (IBS severity scoring system, i.e., IBS-SSS, ≥175) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: single-dose oral FMT alone, single-dose oral FMT following a 7-day pretreatment course of Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole (CM-FMT) or Rifaximin (R-FMT), or Placebo FMT. Primary endpoint was engraftment post-FMT and secondary endpoints were changes in IBS-SSS, and IBS-quality of life (IBS-QOL) at week 10. Median engraftment was significantly different among the three FMT groups (P = .013). Engraftment post-FMT was significantly higher in the FMT alone arm (15.5%) compared to that in R-FMT group (5%, P = .04) and CM-FMT group (2.4%, P = .002). The mean change in IBS-SSS and IBS-QOL from baseline were not significantly different among the four groups or between the three FMT groups combined vs. placebo at week 10. In summary, antibiotic pretreatment significantly reduced bacterial engraftment after FMT in patients with IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann, Arbor, Michigan,CONTACT Prashant Singh Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 1150 Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Eric J Alm
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John M. Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Endicott College, Beverly, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vivian Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Judy Nee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johanna Iturrino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Lembo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Comparing Published Gut Microbiome Taxonomic Data Across Multinational Studies. Nurs Res 2022; 71:43-53. [PMID: 34985847 PMCID: PMC8740627 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurse researchers are well poised to study the connection of the microbiome to health and disease. Evaluating published microbiome results can assist with study design and hypothesis generation. OBJECTIVES This article aims to present and define important analysis considerations in microbiome study planning and to identify genera shared across studies despite methodological differences. This methods article will highlight a workflow that the nurse scientist can use to combine and evaluate taxonomy tables for microbiome study or research proposal planning. METHODS We compiled taxonomy tables from 13 published gut microbiome studies that had used Ion Torrent sequencing technology. We searched for studies that had amplified multiple hypervariable (V) regions of the 16S rRNA gene when sequencing the bacteria from healthy gut samples. RESULTS We obtained 15 taxonomy tables from the 13 studies, comprised of samples from four continents and eight V regions. Methodology among studies was highly variable, including differences in V regions amplified, geographic location, and population demographics. Nevertheless, of the 354 total genera identified from the 15 data sets, 25 were shared in all V regions and the four continents. When relative abundance differences across the V regions were compared, Dorea and Roseburia were statistically different. Taxonomy tables from Asian subjects had increased average abundances of Prevotella and lowered abundances of Bacteroides compared with the European, North American, and South American study subjects. DISCUSSION Evaluating taxonomy tables from previously published literature is essential for study planning. The genera found from different V regions and continents highlight geography and V region as important variables to consider in microbiome study design. The 25 shared genera across the various studies may represent genera commonly found in healthy gut microbiomes. Understanding the factors that may affect the results from a variety of microbiome studies will allow nurse scientists to plan research proposals in an informed manner. This work presents a valuable framework for future cross-study comparisons conducted across the globe.
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Predicting the Role of the Human Gut Microbiome in Constipation Using Machine-Learning Methods: A Meta-Analysis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102149. [PMID: 34683469 PMCID: PMC8539211 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Constipation is a common condition that affects the health and the quality of life of patients. Recent studies have suggested that the gut microbiome is associated with constipation, but these studies were mainly focused on a single research cohort. Thus, we aimed to construct a classification model based on fecal bacterial and identify the potential gut microbes’ biomarkers. (2) Methods: We collected 3056 fecal amplicon sequence data from five research cohorts. The data were subjected to a series of analyses, including alpha- and beta-diversity analyses, phylogenetic profiling analyses, and systematic machine learning to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the association between constipation and the gut microbiome. (3) Results: The alpha diversity of the bacterial community composition was higher in patients with constipation. Beta diversity analysis evidenced significant partitions between the two groups on the base of gut microbiota composition. Further, machine learning based on feature selection was performed to evaluate the utility of the gut microbiome as the potential biomarker for constipation. The Gradient Boosted Regression Trees after chi2 feature selection was the best model, exhibiting a validation performance of 70.7%. (4) Conclusions: We constructed an accurate constipation discriminant model and identified 15 key genera, including Serratia, Dorea, and Aeromonas, as possible biomarkers for constipation.
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22
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Yu LM, Mao LQ, Wu CY, Ye W, Wang X. Chlorogenic acid improves intestinal barrier function by downregulating CD14 to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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23
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Ostrowski J, Kulecka M, Zawada I, Żeber-Lubecka N, Paziewska A, Graca-Pakulska K, Dąbkowski K, Skubisz K, Cybula P, Ambrożkiewicz F, Urasińska E, Mikula M, Starzyńska T. The gastric microbiota in patients with Crohn's disease; a preliminary study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17866. [PMID: 34504159 PMCID: PMC8429686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastric microbiota in Crohn's disease (CD) has not been studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate differences of stomach microbiota between CD patients and controls. DNA was extracted from gastric mucosal and fluid samples, from 24 CD patients and 19 controls. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified 1511 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), of which 239 passed the low abundance and low variance filters. All but one CD patients were HP negative. Fifteen bacterial phyla were identified in at least one mucosal or fluid site. Of these, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes accounted for 70% of all phyla. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Fusobacteriota combined accounted for 27%. There was significant difference in the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota, and Campilobacterota between CD patients and controls only in gastric corpus samples. In gastric liquid, there was a significant difference only in Actinobacteriota. Pairwise comparison identified 67 differentially abundant OTUs in at least one site. Of these, 13 were present in more than one comparison, and four differentiating OTUs (Neisseriaceae, Neisseria, Absconditabacteriales, and Microbacteriaceae) were identified at all tested sites. The results reveal significant changes in gastric microbial profiles (beta diversity, phylum, and individual taxa levels) between H. pylori-negative CD patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Żeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Graca-Pakulska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Dąbkowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Skubisz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Cybula
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Ambrożkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Urasińska
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Starzyńska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland.
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Karpinska-Leydier K, Amirthalingam J, Alshowaikh K, Iroshani Jayarathna A, Salibindla DBAMR, Paidi G, Ergin HE. Correlation Between the Gut Microbiome and Immunotherapy Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cureus 2021; 13:e16808. [PMID: 34350086 PMCID: PMC8325948 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease associated with dysbiosis within the gastrointestinal tract. Characteristic taxonomic shifts of microbial populations are observed in disease progression and remission; however, despite similarities, there are many differences among individuals presenting with IBD including IBD subset, clinical course, and response to therapy. Much is still unknown about how these taxonomic shifts interact with immunotherapy and how genetic variants contribute. In this systematic review, we aimed to compile information on the interactions of the gut microbiome with immunotherapy in the course of disease and treatment of IBD patients. This systematic review was conducted as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the PubMed database was methodically screened for literature search including keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms for relevant articles. The quality appraisal was completed using the Cochrane Tool, Newcastle-Ottawa checklist, and the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) checklist, as appropriate, and 11 relevant articles were included in this systematic review. Our review concludes that although there are characteristic taxonomic shifts between diseased and healthy patients, genetic variants are an important consideration in the predictive quality of disease and treatment decisions. The comparison between interactions of microbial populations and treatment in addition to the role of genetic variants may provide insight into treatment non-responders. Due to our limitations in current knowledge including the complexity of the microcosm, ethnic genetic variations among human populations, and our focus on relevant articles published in English over the past six years, we may have missed relevant studies. Future studies should focus on the comparison between Western and other cultural populations as well as further implementation of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in clinical predictability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jashvini Amirthalingam
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Khadija Alshowaikh
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield , USA
| | | | | | - Gokul Paidi
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Huseyin Ekin Ergin
- General Practice, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Rinninella E, Cintoni M, Raoul P, Gasbarrini A, Mele MC. Food Additives, Gut Microbiota, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Hidden Track. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8816. [PMID: 33260947 PMCID: PMC7730902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between diet, gut microbiota, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have many complex mechanisms that are not fully understood. Food additives are one component of the modern human diet that deserves attention from science and government policies. This review aims at identifying the current knowledge about the impact of food additives on gut microbiota and their potential role in the development of IBS. To date, few data on the effect of food additives on gut microbiota in IBS patients are available. However, exposure to food additives could induce the dysbiosis and dysregulation of gut homeostasis with an alteration of the gut barrier and activation of the immune response. These microbial changes could exacerbate the gut symptoms associated with IBS, such as visceral pain, low-grade inflammation, and changes in bowel habits. Some additives (polyols) are excluded in the low fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharide, and polyol (FODMAP), diets for IBS patients. Even if most studies have been performed in animals, and human studies are required, many artificial sweeteners, emulsifiers, and food colorants could represent a potential hidden driver of IBS, through gut microbiota alterations. Consequently, food additives should be preventively avoided in the diet as well as dietary supplements for patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell’Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pauline Raoul
- UOSD di Nutrizione Avanzata in Oncologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOSD di Nutrizione Avanzata in Oncologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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26
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Kulecka M, Fraczek B, Mikula M, Zeber-Lubecka N, Karczmarski J, Paziewska A, Ambrozkiewicz F, Jagusztyn-Krynicka K, Cieszczyk P, Ostrowski J. The composition and richness of the gut microbiota differentiate the top Polish endurance athletes from sedentary controls. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1374-1384. [PMID: 32401138 PMCID: PMC7524299 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1758009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little data are available on the subject of gut microbiota composition in endurance athletes as well as connections between diet and specific bacteria abundance. However, most studies suggest that athletes' microbiota undergoes major alterations, which may contribute to increased physical performance. Therefore, we decided to investigate differences in gut microbiota between healthy controls and endurance athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stools samples were collected from 14 marathon runners, 11 cross-country skiers and 46 sedentary healthy controls. The athletes' diet evaluation was performed with 24-h diet recall, using the Aliant programme. The 16S gene sequencing was performed using the Ion 16S Metagenomics Kit on Ion Torrent PGM sequencer. Taxonomic classification and diversity indices computation was performed with Mothur. RESULTS 20 and 5 taxa differentiated healthy controls from marathon runners and cross-country skiers, respectively. Both groups presented a lowered abundance of major gut microbiota genus, Bacteroidetes and higher abundance of Prevotella. The athletes' microbiome was also more diverse in cross-country skiers than the one of sedentary controls (Simpson index p-value at 0.025). Thirty-one strong correlations (Spearman's coefficient > 0.6) were uncovered between bacteria abundance and diet, including inverse correlation of Prevotella with sucrose intake, Phascolarctobacterium with polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as positive correlation of Christensenellaceae with folic acid intake and Agathobacter with fiber amount in diet. CONCLUSIONS The excessive training associates with both differences in composition and promotion of higher bacterial diversity. Taxons enriched in athletes are known to participate in fiber fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kulecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland,Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Fraczek
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Karczmarski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland,Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Ambrozkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jagusztyn-Krynicka
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Cieszczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland,Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland,CONTACT Jerzy Ostrowski Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, Warsaw02-781, Poland
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Black CJ, Ford AC. How effective are antibiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:2195-2197. [PMID: 32835541 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1808623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Black
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital , Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's, University of Leeds , Leeds, UK
| | - Alexander C Ford
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital , Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's, University of Leeds , Leeds, UK
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Liu T, Gu X, Li LX, Li M, Li B, Cui X, Zuo XL. Microbial and metabolomic profiles in correlation with depression and anxiety co-morbidities in diarrhoea-predominant IBS patients. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:168. [PMID: 32552668 PMCID: PMC7302156 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological co-morbidities in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have been widely recognized, whereas less is known regarding the role of gut microbial and host metabolic changes in clinical and psychological symptoms in IBS. RESULTS A total of 70 diarrhoea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) patients and 46 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Stool and urine samples were collected from both groups for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis. The results showed that fecal microbiota in IBS-D featured depleted Faecalibacterium (adjusted P = 0.034), Eubacterium rectale group (adjusted P = 0.048), Subdoligranulum (adjusted P = 0.041) and increased Prevotella (adjusted P = 0.041). O-ureido-L-serine, 3,4-dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid and (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate demonstrated lower urinary concentrations in IBS-D patients. We further built correlation matrices between gut microbe abundance, differentiated metabolite quantities and clinical parameters. Dialister manifested negative association with IBS severity (r = - 0.285, P = 0.017), anxiety (r = - 0.347, P = 0.003) and depression level (r = - 0.308, P = 0.010). Roseburia was negatively associated with IBS severity (r = - 0.298, P = 0.012). Twenty metabolites correlated with anxiety or depression levels, including 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde with SAS (r = - 0.383, P = 0.001), 1-methylxanthine with SDS (r = - 0.347, P = 0.004) and 1D-chiro-inositol with SAS (r = - 0.336, P = 0.005). In analysis of microbe-metabolite relationship, 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde and 1-methylxanthine were negatively correlated with relative abundance of Clostridiumsensu stricto. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated altered microbial and metabolomic profiles associated with clinically and psychological symptoms in IBS-D patients, which may provide insights for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumour, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumour, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Xiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumour, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumour, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumour, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumour, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu-Li Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumour, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Bennet SM, Keshteli AH, Bercik P, Madsen KL, Reed D, Vanner SJ. Application of metabolomics to the study of irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13884. [PMID: 32426922 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome and the detection of biomarkers of specific mechanisms and/or predictors of therapeutic response remain elusive. This roadblock reflects, in large part, the complexity and heterogeneity of the disorder. Recently, there has been growing evidence of a dietary and/or microbiome interaction with the host that may trigger symptoms in a subset of patients. While a number of techniques are available to examine these potential interactions, "omic" approaches such as metabolomics are becoming more widely used. Metabolomics measures hundreds and potentially thousands of known and unknown small molecule chemicals (metabolites) to provide a unique look into mechanisms that underlie symptom generation and potential predictors of therapeutic response. In this issue of the journal, Lee et al use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to demonstrate the value of this approach to study IBS. This review examines the use of metabolomics to better understand IBS, focusing on what has been learned to date, practical and technical considerations, its potential for future research and how the study by Lee et al have contributed to these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bennet
- GI Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Premysl Bercik
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, ON, Canada
| | | | - David Reed
- GI Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Vanner
- GI Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Li Y, Hong G, Yang M, Li G, Jin Y, Xiong H, Qian W, Hou X. Fecal bacteria can predict the efficacy of rifaximin in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104936. [PMID: 32470562 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rifaximin for treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) by regulating intestinal microbiota has been studied and recommended. In this study, we tried to investigate the effect of rifaximin on different components of intestinal microbiota and explore which component of gut microbiota can predict the efficacy of rifaximin in IBS-D. METHODS Healthy controls (HC) and IBS-D patients meeting the Rome III criteria were recruited, and IBS-D patients were orally administered 400 mg rifaximin three times daily for 2 weeks. Subjects were tested for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), their symptoms were recorded, and fecal and rectal mucosal samples were collected before and after treatment. Fecal and rectal mucosal bacterial data were obtained via 16S rRNA sequencing, and fecal fungal data were obtained via ITS2 sequencing. RESULTS IBS-D patients were divided into two subgroups based on fecal bacterial composition, IBS1 (patients whose fecal bacterial composition were different from HC) and IBS0 (patients whose fecal bacterial profiles were similar to HC). Rifaximin increased fecal Bifidobacterium and decreased E. coli and Enterobacter in IBS1 patients. Although rectal mucosal bacteria and fecal fungi were not significantly altered in all patients after rifaximin intervention, rifaximin enhanced the connections among fecal bacteria, mucosal bacteria and fecal fungi in IBS1 patients. Compared with IBS0, we surprisingly found rifaximin ameliorated abdominal symptoms of IBS1 much better. Receiver operating curve analysis revealed patients whose fecal microbial dysbiosis indices (MDI) were higher than -3.006 could be diagnosed as IBS1. CONCLUSION Fecal bacterial dysbiosis could be a biomarker for rifaximin treatment for IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Gaichao Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Min Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Gangping Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hanhua Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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31
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Gao K, Mu CL, Farzi A, Zhu WY. Tryptophan Metabolism: A Link Between the Gut Microbiota and Brain. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:709-723. [PMID: 31825083 PMCID: PMC7231603 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bilateral communication network between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system. The essential amino acid tryptophan contributes to the normal growth and health of both animals and humans and, importantly, exerts modulatory functions at multiple levels of the GBA. Tryptophan is the sole precursor of serotonin, which is a key monoamine neurotransmitter participating in the modulation of central neurotransmission and enteric physiological function. In addition, tryptophan can be metabolized into kynurenine, tryptamine, and indole, thereby modulating neuroendocrine and intestinal immune responses. The gut microbial influence on tryptophan metabolism emerges as an important driving force in modulating tryptophan metabolism. Here, we focus on the potential role of tryptophan metabolism in the modulation of brain function by the gut microbiota. We start by outlining existing knowledge on tryptophan metabolism, including serotonin synthesis and degradation pathways of the host, and summarize recent advances in demonstrating the influence of the gut microbiota on tryptophan metabolism. The latest evidence revealing those mechanisms by which the gut microbiota modulates tryptophan metabolism, with subsequent effects on brain function, is reviewed. Finally, the potential modulation of intestinal tryptophan metabolism as a therapeutic option for brain and GI functional disorders is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Gao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-long Mu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aitak Farzi
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Pharmacology Section, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wei-yun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,Address correspondence to WZ (e-mail: )
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32
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Apper E, Privet L, Taminiau B, Le Bourgot C, Svilar L, Martin JC, Diez M. Relationships Between Gut Microbiota, Metabolome, Body Weight, and Glucose Homeostasis of Obese Dogs Fed with Diets Differing in Prebiotic and Protein Content. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E513. [PMID: 32260190 PMCID: PMC7232476 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major issue in pets and nutritional strategies need to be developed, like promoting greater protein and fiber intake. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels and prebiotic supplementation on the glucose metabolism and relationships between the gut, microbiota, metabolome, and phenotype of obese dogs. Six obese Beagle dogs received a diet containing 25.6% or 36.9% crude protein, with or without 1% short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (scFOS) or oligofructose (OF), in a Latin-square study design. Fecal and blood samples were collected for metabolite analysis, untargeted metabolomics, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. A multi-block analysis was performed to build a correlation network to identify relationships between fecal microbiota, metabolome, and phenotypic variables. Diets did not affect energy homeostasis, but scFOS supplementation modulated fecal microbiota composition and induced significant changes of the fecal metabolome. Bile acids and several amino acids were related to glucose homeostasis while specific bacteria gathered in metavariables had a high number of links with phenotypic and metabolomic parameters. It also suggested that fecal aminoadipate and hippurate act as potential markers of glucose homeostasis. This preliminary study provides new insights into the relationships between the gut microbiota, the metabolome, and several phenotypic markers involved in obesity and associated metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Privet
- MS Nutrition, C2VN, INRA, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Farah Centre, Department of Food Sciences, University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | | | - Ljubica Svilar
- CRIBIOM, C2VN, INRA, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- BioMeT, C2VN, INRA, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Marianne Diez
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
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Lembo A, Rao SSC, Heimanson Z, Pimentel M. Abdominal Pain Response to Rifaximin in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 11:e00144. [PMID: 32352714 PMCID: PMC7145050 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abdominal pain is the principal symptom of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This analysis examined abdominal pain response in adults with IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) receiving the nonsystemic antibiotic rifaximin. METHODS In the Targeted Nonsystemic Antibiotic Rifaximin Gut-Selective Evaluation of Treatment for IBS-D 3 trial, adults with IBS-D received open-label rifaximin 550 mg 3 times daily for 2 weeks, followed by the 4-week post-treatment phase assessing abdominal pain and stool consistency response. Responders were followed for up to 18 additional weeks; patients with recurrence were randomly assigned to receive two 2-week courses of double-blind rifaximin 550 mg 3 times daily or placebo, separated by 10 weeks. Analyses evaluated mean weekly improvements from baseline (e.g., ≥30%, ≥40%, and ≥50%) in abdominal pain during the 4-week post-repeat-treatment phases. RESULTS Of the 2,438 evaluable patients, 1,384 (56.8%) had abdominal pain response to open-label rifaximin (≥30% improvement from baseline in the mean weekly abdominal pain score during ≥2 of the first 4 weeks post-treatment). Weekly decrease (improvement) in responders' mean abdominal pain score (scale range, 0-10) from baseline ranged from -2.6 to -3.3 points during the 18-week follow-up. After the first double-blind repeat treatment, a significantly higher percentage of rifaximin-treated patients were abdominal pain responders (53.9% [172/319]) vs placebo (44.4% [134/302], P = 0.02), with similar results after the second repeat treatment (52.9% [155/293] vs 44.7% [123/275], respectively, P = 0.047). A significantly higher percentage of rifaximin-treated patients were weekly abdominal pain responders for ≥50% of the 18-week double-blind repeat treatment phase (47.9% [138/288] vs 35.9% [97/270], P = 0.004). DISCUSSION Rifaximin is efficacious in improving abdominal pain in adults with IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lembo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Satish S. C. Rao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zeev Heimanson
- Salix Pharmaceuticals, Department of Medical Affairs, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark Pimentel
- Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of recent studies exploring the gut microbiota in pathogenesis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). RECENT FINDINGS Primary bacterial gut disturbances have been linked to the development and severity of IBS. Dysbiosis, or alteration in the normal intestinal flora, modulates intestinal permeability, inflammation, gut motility and likely quality of life. These biomechanical changes are associated with enteric and central nervous system processing as well. When compared to healthy controls, IBS patients display poor quality of life measures and are at increased risk of depression and anxiety. The severity of psychological and gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS has been linked with a distinct intestinal microbiota signature. Efforts to modulate intestinal dysbiosis in IBS have shown little improvement in large systematic reviews. The low FODMAP diet reduces bacteria, such as Bifidobacterum and Actinobacteria. Although rifaximin improves symptoms, it may only stimulate a transient effect on the gut microbiota. Fecal microbiota transplant does not provide prolonged symptom relief in IBS. SUMMARY This review elucidates recent advances in IBS and the gut microbiota. Microbiota changes are one underlying factor in perpetuating global IBS symptoms. The opportunity to exploit this disturbance through treatment modalities requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Canakis
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chey WD, Shah ED, DuPont HL. Mechanism of action and therapeutic benefit of rifaximin in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a narrative review. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284819897531. [PMID: 32047534 PMCID: PMC6984424 DOI: 10.1177/1756284819897531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with a multifactorial pathophysiology. The gut microbiota differs between patients with IBS and healthy individuals. After a bout of acute gastroenteritis, postinfection IBS may result in up to approximately 10% of those affected. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is more common in patients with IBS than in healthy individuals, and eradication of SIBO with systemic antibiotics has decreased symptoms of IBS in some patients with IBS and SIBO. The nonsystemic (i.e. low oral bioavailability) antibiotic rifaximin is indicated in the United States and Canada for the treatment of adults with IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D). The efficacy and safety of 2-week single and repeat courses of rifaximin have been demonstrated in randomized, placebo-controlled studies of adults with IBS. Rifaximin is widely thought to exert its beneficial clinical effects in IBS-D through manipulation of the gut microbiota. However, current studies indicate that rifaximin induces only modest effects on the gut microbiota of patients with IBS-D, suggesting that the efficacy of rifaximin may involve other mechanisms. Indeed, preclinical data reveal a potential role for rifaximin in the modulation of inflammatory cytokines and intestinal permeability, but these two findings have not yet been examined in the context of clinical studies. The mechanism of action of rifaximin in IBS is likely multifactorial, and further study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Chey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, Michigan Medicine, 3912 Taubman Center, SPC 5362, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5362, USA
| | - Eric D. Shah
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Herbert L. DuPont
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences and Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
- Mary W. Kelsey Chair in Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School Houston, TX, USA
- Kelsey Research Foundation, Houston, TX, USA
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Current US Food and Drug Administration-Approved Pharmacologic Therapies for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea. Adv Ther 2020; 37:83-96. [PMID: 31707713 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-01116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain and alterations in stool form and/or frequency, leading to reduced quality of life. Pharmacologic agents currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) in adults are the nonsystemic antibiotic rifaximin, the mixed µ- and κ-opioid receptor agonist/δ-opioid antagonist eluxadoline, and the selective serotonin 5-HT3 antagonist alosetron (the last of which is indicated only in women with severe IBS-D refractory to conventional therapy). Both eluxadoline and alosetron are administered as chronic daily therapies; rifaximin is given as a 2-week course of treatment with repeat courses administered as needed for symptom recurrence. Presumed mechanisms of action of rifaximin include modulation of the gut microbiota, anti-inflammatory activity, normalization of visceral hypersensitivity, and reduction in intestinal permeability. Eluxadoline targets opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, resulting in decreased GI motility, fluid secretion, and visceral pain perception. Alosetron antagonizes serotonergic afferent neural signals and also slows GI motility. The efficacy and safety of these agents have been investigated in several rigorous clinical trials, and it has been demonstrated that they improve global and individual IBS symptoms. This review highlights the pivotal efficacy and safety data of the three pharmacologic agents currently indicated in the USA for the management of IBS-D in adults.Funding: Salix Pharmaceuticals.
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Zhu S, Liu S, Li H, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Chen L, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Gu J, Min L, Zhang S. Identification of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Signature in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:346. [PMID: 31681624 PMCID: PMC6813219 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. However, the underlying mechanism of IBS is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate potential mechanism and novel biomarkers of IBS through evaluation of the metabolomic and microbiologic profile. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 15 irritable bowel syndrome patients and 15 healthy controls. By using gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, fecal metabolites and microbiota of healthy controls and the IBS patients were measured. Results: IBS patients had a significantly differential metabolite profile as compared to healthy controls, and 4 clusters with 31 metabolites, including a group of amino acids and fatty acids, were significantly up-regulated as compared to the healthy controls. In addition, 19 microbes were significantly up-regulated, and 12 microbes were down-regulated in the IBS group, when compared with the healthy controls. Some clusters of fecal metabolites or microorganisms were significantly correlated with the severity of IBS symptoms, such as the frequency of abdominal pain/discomfort and the number of bowel movements. Correlation of the metabolite levels with abundances of microbial genera showed some statistically significant metabolite-microbe associations. Four differentially abundant amino acids clustered together were positively correlated with some microbes, including Lachnospira, Clostridium, and so on. Conclusion: The finding of this study puts a global perspective on metabolomics and microbiota profiling in IBS patients and provides a theoretical basis for future research on pathophysiology of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hengcun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Automation, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Junchao Gu
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
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Huang HL, Chen HT, Luo QL, Xu HM, He J, Li YQ, Zhou YL, Yao F, Nie YQ, Zhou YJ. Relief of irritable bowel syndrome by fecal microbiota transplantation is associated with changes in diversity and composition of the gut microbiota. J Dig Dis 2019; 20:401-408. [PMID: 31070838 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for refractory irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS Microbiota suspensions from feces of the donors were injected into the intestines of 30 Chinese patients with refractory IBS. Microbiota composition analysis and genomic DNA extraction of fecal samples obtained from these patients at baseline and 1 month after FMT were performed. Clinical efficacy and safety of FMT were assessed using questionnaires covering four aspects of IBS therapeutic efficacy and assessment of adverse effects during a 6-month follow-up. RESULTS FMT improved IBS gastrointestinal symptoms and alleviated depression and anxiety, as shown by the improved IBS-QOL, IBS-SSS, GSRS, HAMA and HAMD scores at 1 month and 3 months after FMT. A total adverse event rate of FMT was 6.7% (2/30). Gut microbiota analysis revealed that FMT responders had a significantly higher Shannon diversity index before FMT than non-responders. In addition, analysis of differences in bacterial composition before and after FMT in responders showed specific abundance of the phyla Verrucomincrobia and Euryarchaeota at 1 month after FMT. At the genus level, Methanobrevibacter and Akkermansia were the most abundant fecal microbiota 1 month after FMT compared with those before FMT. CONCLUSIONS FMT may be an effective and safe therapeutic strategy for treating IBS that achieves a sustained clinical response 3-6 months after the first procedure. Changes in the diversity and dominant flora may contribute to its therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Ting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Ling Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Qiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - You Lian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Jian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Jia Q, Zhang L, Zhang J, Pei F, Zhu S, Sun Q, Duan L. Fecal Microbiota of Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients Causes Hepatic Inflammation of Germ-Free Rats and Berberine Reverses It Partially. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4530203. [PMID: 31073525 PMCID: PMC6470425 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4530203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effects of the microbiome associated with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) on the gut have been reported, but no study has reported the effects of the IBS-D gut microbiome on the liver. We transplanted the fecal microbiota from an IBS-D patient and from a healthy volunteer to GF rats. The hepatic inflammation, serum biochemical parameters and metabolome, fecal microbiota profile, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and correlations among them before and after berberine intervention were assessed. Compared with the healthy control fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) rats, the fecal microbiota of IBS-D patients induces significant Kupffer cell hyperplasia, hepatic sinusoid hypertrophy, and elevated levels of hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ and decreases the synthesis of ALB in GF rats. This is possibly related to Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium attributable to fecal formate, acetate, and propionate levels, which are associated with the host linoleic acid pathway. Berberine can partially reverse the Kupffer cell hyperplasia, Faecalibacterium, fecal formate, acetate, and propionate by modulating the gut microbiome composition. These results may imply that IBS-D not only is an intestinal functional disorder but can cause liver inflammation, thus providing some implications regarding the clinical cognition and treatment of IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jindong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Pei
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shiwei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liping Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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40
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Duan R, Zhu S, Wang B, Duan L. Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome Based on 16S rRNA-Targeted Sequencing: A Systematic Review. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2019; 10:e00012. [PMID: 30829919 PMCID: PMC6407812 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alterations of gut microbiota have been thought to be associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Many studies have reported significant alterations of gut microbiota in patients with IBS based on 16S ribosomal RNA-targeted sequencing. However, results from these studies are inconsistent or even contradictory. We performed a systematic review to explore the alterations of gut microbiota in patients with IBS compared with healthy controls (HCs). METHODS The databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for studies published until February 28, 2018, for case-control studies detecting gut microbiota in patients with IBS. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The α-diversity and alterations of gut microbiota in patients with IBS compared with HCs were analyzed. RESULTS Sixteen articles involving 777 patients with IBS and 461 HCs were included. Quality assessment scores of the studies ranged from 5 to 7. For most studies, patients with IBS had a lower α-diversity than HCs in both fecal and mucosal samples. Relatively consistent changes in fecal microbiota for patients with IBS included increased Firmicutes, decreased Bacteroidetes, and increased Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level, as well as increased Clostridia and Clostridiales, decreased Bacteroidia and Bacteroidales at lower taxonomic levels. Results for mucosal microbiota were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Alterations of gut microbiota exist in patients with IBS and have significant association with the development of IBS. Further studies are needed to draw conclusions about gut microbiota changes in patients with IBS. TRANSLATIONAL IMPACT This knowledge might improve the understanding of microbial signatures in patients with IBS and would guide future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqiao Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Irritable bowel syndrome and colonic diverticular disease: overlapping symptoms and overlapping therapeutic approaches. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2019; 35:27-33. [PMID: 30407258 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common symptomatic disorder in the Western world and colonic diverticula are also prevalent; however, relationships between IBS-type symptoms and diverticula have been a source of much debate. Our goal was to reassess these relationships in the light of new data. RECENT FINDINGS On removing from consideration clinical scenarios which are directly related to diverticula (i.e., diverticulitis, diverticular hemorrhage, and complications of diverticulitis, such as stricture and fistula), relationships between IBS and diverticula can be seen to revolve around a number of questions. First, are IBS and symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) the same condition? Or, in other words is SUDD no more than IBS in an individual who just happens to have diverticula? Although coincident IBS and diverticula inevitably do occur there is some evidence to indicate that SUDD may be somewhat distinctive with SUDD being characterized by more frequent and severe pain. Second, and analogous to interactions between IBS and inflammatory bowel disease or celiac disease, can an episode of acute diverticulitis lead to the de novo development of IBS? There is now epidemiological and pathophysiological evidence to support this occurrence. SUMMARY Although relationships between uncomplicated diverticular disease and IBS have been reexamined their status remains unclear. As yet, however, none of the newer concepts related to this relationship have led to new therapeutic approaches in IBS or diverticular disease.
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Quigley EMM. Prebiotics and Probiotics in Digestive Health. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:333-344. [PMID: 30267869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the importance of the gut microbiota in health and disease is increasingly recognized interest in interventions that can modulate the microbiota and its interactions with its host has soared. Apart from diet, prebiotics and probiotics represent the most commonly used substances taken in an effort to sustain a healthy microbiome or restore balance when it is believed bacterial homeostasis has been disturbed in disease. While a considerable volume of basic science attests to the ability of various prebiotic molecules and probiotic strains to beneficially influence host immune responses, metabolic processes and neuro-endocrine pathways, the evidence base from human studies leaves much to be desired. This translational gap owes much to the manner in which this sector is regulated but also speaks to the challenges that confront the investigator who seeks to explore microbiota modulation in either healthy populations or those who suffer from common digestive ailments. For many products marketed as probiotics, some of the most fundamental issues relating to quality control, such as characterization, formulation, viability safety are scarcely addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn M M Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K. and David M. Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas.
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Wang X, Qi Q, Wang Y, Wu H, Jin X, Yao H, Jin D, Liu Y, Wang C. Gut microbiota was modulated by moxibustion stimulation in rats with irritable bowel syndrome. Chin Med 2018; 13:63. [PMID: 30574173 PMCID: PMC6299671 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is closely related to intestinal dysbacteriosis and can be controlled by moxibustion treatment. However, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic value of moxibustion in IBS treatment remains unknown. Methods An IBS rat model was established by colorectal distention (CRD) stimulus and mustard oil clyster. Sixty-five male rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal, IBS model, moxibustion, electroacupuncture (EA), Bifid-triple Viable Capsule (BTVC) and Pinaverium Bromide (PB) groups. The moxibustion group was treated with mild moxibustion at the bilateral Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37) for 10 min/day for 7 days, the EA group was given EA at ST25 and ST37 once daily for 7 days, while the BTVC group and PB groups received Bifid-triple Viable Capsule and Pinaverium Bromide solution (at the proportion of 1:0.018) respectively by gavage once daily for 7 days. After the treatment, abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores were determined based on CRD stimulus, gut microbiota profiling was conducted by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Results Irritable bowel syndrome model rats had significantly increased AWR scores at all intensities (20, 40, 60 and 80 mmHg) compared with the normal group. Moxibustion treatment significantly reduced AWR scores compared with the IBS model group at all intensities. Across all groups the most abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes followed by Proteobacteria and Candidatus Saccharibacteria. At genus level IBS model rats had a higher abundance of Prevotella, Bacteroides and Clostridium XI and a lower abundance of Lactobacillus and Clostridium XIVa compared with normal rats. These changes in microbiota profiles could however be reversed by moxibustion treatment. Alpha diversity was decreased in IBS model rats compared with normal rats, yet significantly increased in moxibustion- and PB-treated rats compared with IBS rats. Conclusion Our findings suggest that moxibustion treats IBS by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- 1Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 650 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030 China.,2Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Qin Qi
- 3Yueyang Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- 3Yueyang Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Huangan Wu
- 1Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 650 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030 China.,2Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- 4Stark Neurosciences Research Institute & Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Huan Yao
- 5Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Duiyin Jin
- 3Yueyang Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Yanan Liu
- 3Yueyang Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Cun Wang
- 3Yueyang Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437 China
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Karu N, Deng L, Slae M, Guo AC, Sajed T, Huynh H, Wine E, Wishart DS. A review on human fecal metabolomics: Methods, applications and the human fecal metabolome database. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1030:1-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ford AC, Harris LA, Lacy BE, Quigley EMM, Moayyedi P. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and antibiotics in irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:1044-1060. [PMID: 30294792 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional bowel disorder. Disturbances in the gastrointestinal microbiome may be involved in its aetiology. AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and antibiotics in IBS. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched (up to July 2017). Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) recruiting adults with IBS, comparing prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics or antibiotics with placebo or no therapy were eligible. Dichotomous symptom data were pooled to obtain a relative risk (RR) of remaining symptomatic after therapy, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Continuous data were pooled using a standardised mean difference with a 95% CI. RESULTS The search identified 4017 citations. Data for prebiotics and synbiotics were sparse. Fifty-three RCTs of probiotics, involving 5545 patients, were eligible. Particular combinations of probiotics, or specific species and strains, appeared to have beneficial effects on global IBS symptoms and abdominal pain, but it was not possible to draw definitive conclusions about their efficacy. There were five trials of similar design that used rifaximin in non-constipated IBS patients, which was more effective than placebo (RR of symptoms persisting = 0.84; 95% CI 0.79-0.90). Adverse events were no more common with probiotics or antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Which particular combination, species or strains of probiotics are effective for IBS remains, for the most part, unclear. Rifaximin has modest efficacy in improving symptoms in non-constipated IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Ford
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lucinda A Harris
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo School of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Brian E Lacy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Eamonn M M Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Gastroenterology Division, Health Sciences Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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46
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Rosa CP, Brancaglion GA, Miyauchi-Tavares TM, Corsetti PP, de Almeida LA. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis effects on the murine gastrointestinal tract and their systemic repercussions. Life Sci 2018; 207:480-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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47
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Giron F, Quigley EMM. Pharmabiotic Manipulation of the Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Clinical Perspective. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 24:355-366. [PMID: 29684976 PMCID: PMC6034666 DOI: 10.5056/jnm18004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent and widespread availability of high-throughput technology has revolutionized the assessment of the communities of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract––the gut microbiota. As our understanding of the role of the microbiota in health and human disease increases, so also do efforts to prevent and treat disease through the modulation of the microbiota. Several strategies are available to us and range from time honored approaches, such as antibiotics and probiotics, to changes in diet, the administration of prebiotics as food supplements, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Of these, diet is perhaps the most pervasive but often ignored modulator of the microbiota, and a failure to recognize its impact complicates the interpretation of many microbiota studies. The impacts of antibiotics on the microbiota are more complex than originally thought and, though antibiotics can be life-saving, their effects on commensal bacterial populations can be clinically significant. Though there have been many studies of, and even more claims made for, probiotics, the majority of available studies suffer from significant deficits in study design and execution and many claims remain to be substantiated. Though holding much promise, the study of prebiotics in human disease is still in its infancy. Possibilities other than the administration of live organisms have been identified through efforts to mine the microbiota for novel therapeutics and include: dead organisms, bacterial components, small molecules elaborated by bacteria, and even bacterial DNA. Accordingly, the term pharmabiotic has been introduced to encompass the full range of therapeutic possibilities that the microbiota offers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Giron
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eamonn M M Quigley
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA
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48
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Fukui H, Xu X, Miwa H. Role of Gut Microbiota-Gut Hormone Axis in the Pathophysiology of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 24:367-386. [PMID: 29969855 PMCID: PMC6034676 DOI: 10.5056/jnm18071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota exert a pivotal influence on various functions including gastrointestinal (GI) motility, metabolism, nutrition, immunity, and the neuroendocrine system in the host. These effects are mediated by not only short-chain fatty acids produced by microbiota but also gut hormones and inflammatory signaling by enteroendocrine and immune cells under the influence of the microbiota. GI motility is orchestrated by the enteric nervous system and hormonal networks, and disturbance of GI motility plays an important role in the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). In this context, microbiota-associated mediators are considered to act on specific receptors, thus affecting the enteric nervous system and, subsequently, GI motility. Thus, the pathophysiology of FGIDs is based on alterations of the gut microbiota/gut hormone axis, which have crucial effects on GI motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Fukui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya,
Japan
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya,
Japan
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin,
China
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya,
Japan
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49
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Zhuang X, Tian Z, Li L, Zeng Z, Chen M, Xiong L. Fecal Microbiota Alterations Associated With Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1600. [PMID: 30090090 PMCID: PMC6068233 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered gut microbiota are assumed to be involved in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, gut microbiota alterations reported in different studies are divergent and sometimes even contradictory. To better elucidate the relationship between altered gut microbiota and IBS, we characterized fecal microbiota of diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) patients and further explored the effect of rifaximin on gut microbiota using bacterial 16S rRNA gene-targeted pyrosequencing. In our study, IBS-D patients defined by Rome III criteria and age-and-gender matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled to investigate the fecal microbiota alterations. These IBS-D patients were then treated with rifaximin for 2 weeks and followed up for 10 weeks. Fecal microbiota alterations, small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms of IBS-D patients were analyzed before and after treatment. Our results showed fecal microbiota richness but not diversity was decreased in IBS-D patients as compared to HC and there were alterations of fecal microbiota at different taxonomy levels. The abundant phyla Firmicutes was significantly decreased and Bacteroidetes was increased in IBS-D patients. Moreover, the alterations of predominant fermenting bacteria such as Bacteroidales and Clostridiales might be involved in the pathophysiology of IBS-D. In addition, rifaximin was effective in terms of SIBO eradication and even GI symptoms of IBS-D patients achieved at least 10-week improvement after treatment. Furthermore, rifaximin induced alterations of some special bacteria rather than affected the overall composition of microbiota in IBS-D patients. Meanwhile, a potential decrease in propanoate and butanoate metabolism was found in these IBS-D patients after rifaximin treatment. Taken together, there were alterations of gut microbiota in IBS-D patients as compared to HC. Rifaximin could relieve GI symptoms, modify gut microbiota in IBS-D patients and eradicate SIBO in those patients with SIBO, suggesting an additional therapeutic mechanism of rifaximin in the treatment of IBS-D. Our findings of compositional gut microbiota alterations in IBS-D and the effect of rifaximin on the gut microbiota implied that altered gut microbiota were associated with the pathogenesis of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyi Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lishou Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Fodor AA, Pimentel M, Chey WD, Lembo A, Golden PL, Israel RJ, Carroll IM. Rifaximin is associated with modest, transient decreases in multiple taxa in the gut microbiota of patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Gut Microbes 2018; 10:22-33. [PMID: 29708822 PMCID: PMC6363070 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1460013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rifaximin, a non-systemic antibiotic, is efficacious for the treatment of diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Given the emerging association between the gut microbiota and IBS, this study examined potential effects of rifaximin on the gastrointestinal microbial community in patients with IBS-D. TARGET 3 was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Patients with IBS-D initially received open-label rifaximin 550 mg 3 times daily (TID) for 2 weeks. Patients who responded to the initial treatment and then relapsed were randomised to receive 2 repeat courses of rifaximin 550 mg TID or placebo for 2 weeks, with each course separated by 10 weeks. Stool samples were collected at the beginning and end of open-label treatment, at the beginning and end of the first double-blind treatment, and at the end of the study. As a secondary analysis to the TARGET 3 trial, the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota were assessed, from a random subset of patients, using variable 4 hypervariable region 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Samples from 103 patients were included. After open-label rifaximin treatment for 2 weeks, 7 taxa (e.g. Peptostreptococcaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae) had significantly lower relative abundance at a 10% false discovery rate threshold. The effects of rifaximin were generally short-term, as there was little evidence of significantly different changes in taxa relative abundance at the end of the study (up to 46 weeks) versus baseline. The results suggest that rifaximin has a modest, largely transient effect across a broad range of stool microbes. Future research may determine whether the taxa affected by rifaximin are causally linked to IBS-D. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number: NCT01543178.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A. Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark Pimentel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William D. Chey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anthony Lembo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pamela L. Golden
- Nonclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical and Medical Affairs, Salix Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA**
| | - Robert J. Israel
- Nonclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical and Medical Affairs, Salix Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA**
| | - Ian M. Carroll
- Department of Nutrition and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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