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Hwang IS, Park MR, Lee HS, Kwak TU, Son HY, Kang JK, Lee JW, Lee K, Park EW, Hwang S. Developmental and Degenerative Characterization of Porcine Parthenogenetic Fetuses during Early Pregnancy. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040622. [PMID: 32260352 PMCID: PMC7222715 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To increase the early implantation rate, oocytes and zygotes have been subjected to various artificial stimulations before and/or after in vitro fertilization, nuclear transfer, or sperm (spermatid) injection, etc. However, the stimulation process may induce parthenogenetic development. It is difficult to identify whether the embryo or fetus is normally fertilized or parthenogenetically activated in early pregnancy. In the present study, the porcine parthenotes originated from electric stimulation implanted and developed normally during the first month, in a manner similar to artificially inseminated embryos and fetuses. There were no statistical differences in the formation of the major organs such as the brain, liver, kidney, or heart in both groups. However, the implanted parthenotes radically ceased their development and degenerated after one month. It can be postulated that the parthenotes are one of the reasons for the gap between early pregnancy and delivery rate in assisted reproduction techniques. Abstract The difference between early pregnancy and delivery rate is quite large in assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs), including animal cloning. However, it is not clear why the implanted fetuses aborted after the early pregnancy stage. In the present study, we tried to evaluate the developmental and morphological characteristics of porcine parthenogenetically activated (PA) embryos or fetuses by electric stimulation during the early pregnancy period. The implanted PA and artificially inseminated (AI) embryos and fetuses were collected at day 26 and 35 after embryo transfer, respectively. The developmental and morphological parameters in the PA embryos at day 26 were similar to the AI embryos. The size, weight, formation of major organs, and apoptotic cells were not statistically different in both embryos at day 26. However, the PA fetuses at day 35 showed ceased fetal development and degenerated with abnormal morphologies in their organs. The day 35 PA fetuses showed significantly higher apoptotic cells and lower methylation status in three differentially methylated regions of the H19 gene compared to their comparators. Therefore, the normal development of PA embryos and fetuses during early gestation could lead to these pregnancies being misinterpreted as normal and become one of the main reasons for the gap between early pregnancy and delivery rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sul Hwang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (I.-S.H.); (M.-R.P.); (H.-S.L.); (T.-U.K.); (E.-W.P.)
| | - Mi-Ryung Park
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (I.-S.H.); (M.-R.P.); (H.-S.L.); (T.-U.K.); (E.-W.P.)
| | - Hae-Sun Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (I.-S.H.); (M.-R.P.); (H.-S.L.); (T.-U.K.); (E.-W.P.)
| | - Tae-Uk Kwak
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (I.-S.H.); (M.-R.P.); (H.-S.L.); (T.-U.K.); (E.-W.P.)
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Jong-Koo Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Woong Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Eung-Woo Park
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (I.-S.H.); (M.-R.P.); (H.-S.L.); (T.-U.K.); (E.-W.P.)
| | - Seongsoo Hwang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (I.-S.H.); (M.-R.P.); (H.-S.L.); (T.-U.K.); (E.-W.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-632-387-253
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Yang M, Perisse I, Fan Z, Regouski M, Meyer-Ficca M, Polejaeva IA. Increased pregnancy losses following serial somatic cell nuclear transfer in goats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 30:1443-1453. [PMID: 29769162 DOI: 10.1071/rd17323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Serial cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a critical tool for the expansion of precious transgenic lines or resetting the lifespan of primary transgenic cells for multiple genetic modifications. We successfully produced second-generation cloned goats using donor neonatal fibroblasts from first-generation clones. However, our attempts to produce any third-generation clones failed. SCNT efficiency decreased progressively with the clonal generations. The rate of pregnancy loss was significantly greater in recloning groups (P<0.05). While no pregnancy loss was observed during the first round of SCNT, 14 out of 21 pregnancies aborted in the second round of SCNT and all pregnancies aborted in the third round of SCNT. In this retrospective study, we also investigated the expression of 21 developmentally important genes in muscle tissue of cloned (G1) and recloned (G2) offspring. The expression of most of these genes in live clones was found to be largely comparable to naturally reproduced control goats, but fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) and growth factor receptor bound protein 10 (GRB10) were differentially expressed (P<0.05) in G2 goats compared with G1 and controls. To study the effects of serial cloning on DNA methylation, the methylation pattern of differentially methylated regions in imprinted genes H19 and insulin like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) were also analysed. Aberrant H19 DNA methylation patterns were detected in G1 and G2 clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4815, USA
| | - Iuri Perisse
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4815, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4815, USA
| | - Misha Regouski
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4815, USA
| | - Mirella Meyer-Ficca
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4815, USA
| | - Irina A Polejaeva
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4815, USA
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Kwon DJ, Hwang IS, Kim HR, Kim YR, Oh KB, Ock SA, Im GS, Lee JW, Hwang S. Aberrant methylation of Meg3 in alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout pig induced pluripotent stem cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2016.1191543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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