1
|
Banerjee S, Banerjee S, Bishayee A, Da Silva MN, Sukocheva OA, Tse E, Casarcia N, Bishayee A. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the potential of betulinic acid in cancer prevention and treatment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155858. [PMID: 39053249 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betulinic acid (BA), which is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in the bark of plane, birch, and eucalyptus trees, has emerged as a compound of significant interest in scientific research due to its potential therapeutic applications. BA has a range of well-documented pharmacological and biological effects, including antibacterial, immunomodulatory, diuretic, antiviral, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Although numerous research studies have explored the potential anticancer effects of BA, there is a noticeable gap in the literature, highlighting the need for a more up-to-date and comprehensive evaluation of BA's anticancer potential. PURPOSE The aim of this work is to critically assess the reported cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the cancer preventive and therapeutic effects of BA. METHODS Relevant research on the inhibitory effects of BA against cancerous cells was searched using Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS The anticancer properties of BA are mediated by the activation of cell death and cell cycle arrest, production of reactive oxygen species, increased mitochondrial permeability, modulation of nuclear factor-κB and Bcl-2 family signaling. Emerging evidence also underscores the combined anticancer effects of BA with other natural bioactive compounds or approved drugs. Notably, several novel BA nanoformulations have been found to exhibit encouraging antineoplastic activities. CONCLUSION BA, whether used alone or in combination, or as a form of nanoformulation, shows significant potential for cancer prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, further detailed studies are necessary to confirm the therapeutic effectiveness of this natural compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713 301, West Bengal, India
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713 301, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Milton Nascimento Da Silva
- Laboratory of Liquid Chromatography, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; Chemistry Post-Graduation Program, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Olga A Sukocheva
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Edmund Tse
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Nicolette Casarcia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Situmorang PC, Ilyas S, Nugraha SE, Syahputra RA, Nik Abd Rahman NMA. Prospects of compounds of herbal plants as anticancer agents: a comprehensive review from molecular pathways. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1387866. [PMID: 39104398 PMCID: PMC11298448 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1387866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer refers to the proliferation and multiplication of aberrant cells inside the human body, characterized by their capacity to proliferate and infiltrate various anatomical regions. Numerous biochemical pathways and signaling molecules have an impact on the cancer auto biogenesis process. The regulation of crucial cellular processes necessary for cell survival and proliferation, which are triggered by phytochemicals, is significantly influenced by signaling pathways. These pathways or components are regulated by phytochemicals. Medicinal plants are a significant reservoir of diverse anticancer medications employed in chemotherapy. The anticancer effects of phytochemicals are mediated by several methods, including induction of apoptosis, cessation of the cell cycle, inhibition of kinases, and prevention of carcinogenic substances. This paper analyzes the phytochemistry of seven prominent plant constituents, namely, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins, focusing on the involvement of the MAPK/ERK pathway, TNF signaling, death receptors, p53, p38, and actin dynamics. Hence, this review has examined a range of phytochemicals, encompassing their structural characteristics and potential anticancer mechanisms. It has underscored the significance of plant-derived bioactive compounds in the prevention of cancer, utilizing diverse molecular pathways. In addition, this endeavor also seeks to incentivize scientists to carry out clinical trials on anticancer medications derived from plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Putri Cahaya Situmorang
- Study Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Syafruddin Ilyas
- Study Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Sony Eka Nugraha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Torres-Sanchez A, Torres G, Estrada S, Perez D, Garcia C, Milian M, Velazquez E, Molina V, Delgado Y. Unraveling the Impact of Six Pentacyclic Triterpenes Regulating Metabolic Pathways on Lung Carcinoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:694. [PMID: 38931361 PMCID: PMC11206507 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been great interest in plant-derived compounds known as phytochemicals. The pentacyclic oleanane-, ursane-, and lupane-type triterpenes are phytochemicals that exert significant activity against diseases like cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for lung cancer, its effectiveness is hampered by the dose-limiting toxic effects and chemoresistance. Herein, we investigated six pentacyclic triterpenes, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, asiatic acid, betulinic acid, betulin, and lupeol, on NSCLC A549 cells. These triterpenes have several structural variations that can influence the activation/inactivation of key cellular pathways. From our results, we determined that most of these triterpenes induced apoptosis, S-phase and G2/M-phase cycle arrest, the downregulation of ribonucleotide reductase (RR), reactive oxygen species, and caspase 3 activation. For chemoresistance markers, we found that most triterpenes downregulated the expression of MAPK/PI3K, STAT3, and PDL1. In contrast, UrA and AsA also induced DNA damage and autophagy. Then, we theoretically determined other possible molecular targets of these triterpenes using the online database ChEMBL. The results showed that even slight structural changes in these triterpenes can influence the cellular response. This study opens up promising perspectives for further research on the pharmaceutical role of phytochemical triterpenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamaris Torres-Sanchez
- Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931, USA;
- Biochemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Grace Torres
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR 00726, USA (D.P.); (E.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Sthephanie Estrada
- Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico-Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736, USA;
| | - Daraishka Perez
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR 00726, USA (D.P.); (E.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Carlos Garcia
- Medical Program, Ponce Health Science University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA
| | - Melissa Milian
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR 00726, USA (D.P.); (E.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Eddian Velazquez
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR 00726, USA (D.P.); (E.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Valerie Molina
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR 00726, USA (D.P.); (E.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Yamixa Delgado
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR 00726, USA (D.P.); (E.V.); (V.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ofori M, Danquah CA, Asante J, Ativui S, Doe P, Abdul-Nasir Taribabu A, Nugbemado IN, Mensah AN. Betulin and Crinum asiaticum L. bulbs extract attenuate pulmonary fibrosis by down regulating pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines in bleomycin-induced fibrosis mice model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16914. [PMID: 37346329 PMCID: PMC10279834 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a lung disease characterized by scaring of lung tissue that impairs lung functions. The estimated survival time of patients with pulmonary fibrosis is 3-5 years. Bleomycin (BLM) is used clinically in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma and testicular germ-cell tumors. Bleomycin's mechanism of action is the inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis. This happens when leukocytes induce the release of cytokines and chemokines which increase the pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-13, IL-1β and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β). Crinum asiaticum L. bulbs (CAE) are widely found in parts of Africa, Asia and Indian Ocean Island. It is also prevalent in southern part of Ghana and traditionally used by the indigenes to treat upper respiratory tract infections, and for wound healing. Betulin (BET) is found in the bulbs of Crinum asiaticum L. but widely isolated from the external bark of birches and sycamore trees. Betulin as a lupine type triterpenes has been researched for their pharmacological and biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activities and anti-liver fibrosis effects.Aim of the study: The aim was to study the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of Crinum asiaticum L. bulbs extract and betulin in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Materials and method There was a single oropharyngeal administration of bleomycin (80 mg/kg) in mice followed by the treatment of CAE and BET after 48 h of exposure to BLM. Results There was increased survival rate in CAE and BET treatment groups compared to the BLM induced group. There was a marked decreased in the levels of hydroxyproline, collagen I and III in the CAE and BET treatment groups compared to BLM-treated group. The treatment groups of CAE and BET significantly down regulated the levels of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations such as TGF-β1, MMP9, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-alpha compared to an increased in the BLM treated groups. The histological findings of the lungs suggested the curative effects of CAE and BET following BLM induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, the study showed improved lung functions with wide focal area of viable alveolar spaces and few collagen fibers deposition on lungs of treatment groups. Conclusion CAE and BET attenuated pulmonary fibrosis by down regulating pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as improving lung function. This could be a lead in drug discovery where compounds with anti-fibrotic effects could be developed for the treatment of lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ofori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Dr Hilla Limann Technical University, Wa, Ghana
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | - Joshua Asante
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Diamed Diagnostic Center, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Selase Ativui
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Peace Doe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Central University, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Adwoa Nkrumah Mensah
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akhil B, Ravi RP, Lekshmi A, Abeesh P, Guruvayoorappan C, Radhakrishnan KV, Sujathan K. Exploring the Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Clerodendrum infortunatum. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10383-10396. [PMID: 36969395 PMCID: PMC10034839 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Clerodendrum infortunatum (C. infortunatum), the hill glory bower, is reputed as the prodigious treasure for Indian folk medicine. The study has focused on exploring the phytochemistry and antitumor potential of the C. infortunatum root extract in vitro and in vivo. The ethyl acetate root extract has demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity in a series of nine human tumor cell lines. Further fractionation of the same has yielded seven compounds. The structures of these compounds were confirmed with spectroscopic techniques. Considering the toxicity observed with the crude extract, cytotoxicity of these compounds was further assessed in two breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7[ER/PR-positive HER2-negative] and MDA-MB-231 [ER/PR/HER2-negative]) and in two cervical cancer [human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative C33A and HPV-positive SiHa] cell lines. Betulinic acid (BA) was found as the active principle contributing the cytotoxic activity, and cervical cancer cell lines documented the minimum IC50 value in 24 h. In order to validate the in vitro experimental data, we have established a xenograft model of HPV-positive cervical cancer in female NOD/SCID mice treated with BA using doxorubicin as the positive control. BA treatment gradually reduced the tumor size, maintaining healthy hematological and biochemical parameters, and improved the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice considerably. Thus, our findings suggest that the C. infortunatum root extract has a promising anticancer property against HPV-positive cervical cancer and supports its usage by traditional healers for treating cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan
Syamala Akhil
- Manipal
Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
- Division
of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum 695 011, India
| | - Rajimol Puthenpurackal Ravi
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Asha Lekshmi
- Division
of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum 695 011, India
| | - Prathapan Abeesh
- Division
of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum 695 011, India
| | | | - Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India
| | - Kunjuraman Sujathan
- Division
of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum 695 011, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang H, Han S, Chen H, Li P, Li S, Wu Y, Zhang C, Fu Y, Tian Y, Liu T, Hou H, Hu Q. In Vitro Toxicological Investigation and Risk Assessment of E-Cigarette Aerosols Based on a Novel Solvent-Free Extraction Method. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48403-48415. [PMID: 36591148 PMCID: PMC9798774 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cigarettes, potentially safer alternatives to combustible cigarettes, have been reported to increase the health risk for long-term users, so accumulating information about their potential toxicity is of great concern. However, toxicological evaluations of e-cigarette aerosols are limited, which may be attributed to the lack of a simple and efficient extraction method. Here, we developed a high-speed centrifugal method for extracting e-cigarette aerosol collected mass (ACM) and prepared ACM samples of 26 representative e-cigarettes, and 10 samples were further selected based on their cytotoxicity for systematic toxicological assessments. The average extraction efficiency of ACM, primary aerosol components, and typical carbonyls exceeded 85%. The toxicological evaluation showed that the IC50 value range of e-cigarettes for cytotoxicity was 2-52 mg/mL ACM, all e-cigarettes can induce the risk of DNA damage, mitochondrial depolarization, and c-Jun-related signal disturbances; most e-cigarettes significantly caused disturbance of oxidative stress balance. E-cigarettes with higher cytotoxicity appeared to cause a higher degree of damage, while no e-cigarette promoted mutagenicity and cytochrome c release. The toxicity difference among e-cigarettes using nicotine equivalent was significantly lower than that of ACM. This study provides a novel extraction method and a comprehensive in vitro toxicity risk profile of e-cigarette aerosols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Wang
- China
National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shulei Han
- China
National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China
National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peizhen Li
- China
National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shigang Li
- China
National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yujuan Wu
- China
National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- China
National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yaning Fu
- China
National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yushan Tian
- China
National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tong Liu
- China
National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China
National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China
National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim S, Lim SW, Choi J. Drug discovery inspired by bioactive small molecules from nature. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:254-265. [PMID: 36605590 PMCID: PMC9809404 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2157480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) have greatly contributed to the development of novel treatments for human diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, and infections. Compared to synthetic chemical compounds, primary and secondary metabolites from medicinal plants, fungi, microorganisms, and our bodies are promising resources with immense chemical diversity and favorable properties for drug development. In addition to the well-validated significance of secondary metabolites, endogenous small molecules derived from central metabolism and signaling events have shown great potential as drug candidates due to their unique metabolite-protein interactions. In this short review, we highlight the values of NPs, discuss recent scientific and technological advances including metabolomics tools, chemoproteomics approaches, and artificial intelligence-based computation platforms, and explore potential strategies to overcome the current challenges in NP-driven drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea, Seyun Kim
| | - Seol-Wa Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Human Endogenous Retroviruses: Friends and Foes in Urology Clinics. Int Neurourol J 2022; 26:275-287. [PMID: 36599336 PMCID: PMC9816444 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2244284.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are originated from ancient exogenous retroviruses, which infected human germ line cells millions of years ago. HERVs have generally lost their replication and retrotransposition abilities, but adopted physiological roles in human biology. Though mostly inactive, HERVs can be reactivated by internal and external factors such as inflammations and environmental conditions. Their aberrant expression can participate in various human malignancies with complex etiology. This review describes the features and functions of HERVs in urological subjects, such as urological cancers and human reproduction. It provides the current knowledge of the HERVs and useful insights helping practice in urology clinics.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kuk MU, Ga YJ, Kim YJ, Park JY, Song ES, Lee H, Lee YH, Ko G, Kim JK, Yeh JY, Kwon HW, Byun Y, Park JT. Metabolic reprogramming as a novel therapeutic target for Coxsackievirus B3. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:275-282. [PMID: 36605593 PMCID: PMC9809346 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2141318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Enterovirus genus. CVB3 is a human pathogen associated with serious conditions such as myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and pancreatitis. However, there are no therapeutic interventions to treat CVB3 infections. In this study, we found that CVB3 induced metabolic alteration in host cells through increasing glycolysis level, as indicated by an increase in the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). CVB3-mediated metabolic alteration was confirmed by metabolite change analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on findings, a strategy to inhibit glycolysis has been proposed to treat CVB3 infection. Indeed, glycolysis inhibitors (2-Deoxy-D-glucose, sodium oxide) significantly reduced CVB3 titers after CVB3 infection, indicating that glycolysis inhibitors can be used as effective antiviral agents. Taken together, our results reveal a novel mechanism by which CVB3 infection is controlled by regulation of host cell metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yun Ji Ga
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ye Jin Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun Seon Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Haneur Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Gahyun Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Yeh
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea,Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea, Hyung Wook Kwon Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Korea; Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Korea; Youngjoo Byun College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong30019, Republic of Korea; Joon Tae Park Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Korea; Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea, Hyung Wook Kwon Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Korea; Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Korea; Youngjoo Byun College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong30019, Republic of Korea; Joon Tae Park Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Korea; Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Korea
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea,Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea, Hyung Wook Kwon Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Korea; Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Korea; Youngjoo Byun College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong30019, Republic of Korea; Joon Tae Park Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Korea; Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sudharshan SJ, Krishna Narayanan A, Princilly J, Dyavaiah M, Nagegowda DA. Betulinic acid mitigates oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and enhances longevity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae model. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:699-712. [PMID: 36624963 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2166505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in certain plant species, has been reported to have several health benefits including antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the mechanism by which BA confers these properties is currently unknown. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a budding yeast with a short life cycle and conserved cellular mechanism with high homology to humans, was used as a model for determining the role of BA in aging and programmed cell death (PCD). Treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exhibited significantly increased (30-35%) survivability of antioxidant (sod1Δ, sod2Δ, cta1Δ, ctt1Δ, and tsa1Δ) and anti-apoptotic (pep4Δ and fis1Δ) mutant strains when cells were pretreated with BA (30 µM) as demonstrated in spot and CFU (Colony forming units) assays. Measurement of intracellular oxidation level using the ROS-specific dye H2DCF-DA showed that all tested BA-pretreated mutants exhibited decreased ROS than the control when exposed to H2O2. Similarly, when mutant strains were pretreated with BA and then exposed to H2O2, there was reduced lipid peroxidation as revealed by the reduced malondialdehyde content. Furthermore, BA-pretreated mutant cells showed significantly lower apoptotic activity by decreasing DNA/nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation under H2O2-induced stress as determined by DAPI and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. In addition, BA treatment also extended the life span of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mutants by ∼10-25% by scavenging ROS and preventing apoptotic cell death. Our overall results suggest that BA extends the chronological life span of mutant strains lacking antioxidant and anti-apoptotic genes by lowering the impact of oxidative stress, ROS levels, and apoptotic activity. These properties of BA could be further explored for its use as a valuable nutraceutical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Sudharshan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ananth Krishna Narayanan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Bengaluru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jemima Princilly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Bengaluru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Recent Advances Regarding the Molecular Mechanisms of Triterpenic Acids: A Review (Part II). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168896. [PMID: 36012159 PMCID: PMC9408012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenic acids are a widespread class of phytocompounds which have been found to possess valuable therapeutic properties such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, lipolytic, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects. They are a subclass of triterpenes bearing a characteristic lipophilic structure that imprints unfavorable in vivo properties which subsequently limit their applications. The early investigation of the mechanism of action (MOA) of a drug candidate can provide valuable information regarding the possible side effects and drug interactions that may occur after administration. The current paper aimed to summarize the most recent (last 5 years) studies regarding the MOA of betulinic acid, boswellic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, madecassic acid, moronic acid, and pomolic acid in order to provide scientists with updated and accessible material on the topic that could contribute to the development of future studies; the paper stands as the sequel of our previously published paper regarding the MOA of triterpenic acids with therapeutic value. The recent literature published on the topic has highlighted the role of triterpenic acids in several signaling pathways including PI3/AKT/mTOR, TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B, JNK-p38, HIF-α/AMPK, and Grb2/Sos/Ras/MAPK, which trigger their various biological activities.
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu T, Sun L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zheng J. Imbalanced GSH/ROS and sequential cell death. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22942. [PMID: 34725879 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in cells during metabolic processes. Excessive intracellular ROS may react with large biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and small biomolecules, that is, glutathione (GSH) and unsaturated fatty acids. GSH has physiological functions, including free radical scavenging, anti-oxidation, and electrophile elimination. The disruption of ROS/GSH balance results in the deleterious oxidation and chemical modification of biomacromolecules, which eventually leads to cell-cycle arrest and proliferation inhibition, and even induces cell death. Imbalanced ROS/GSH may result from a direct increase of ROS, consumption of GSH, intracellular oxidoreductase interference, or thioredoxin activity reduction. Some chemicals including arsenic trioxide (ATO), pyrogallol (PG), and carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-leucinal (MG132) could also disrupt the balance of GSH and ROS. This article reviews the occurrence and consequences of the imbalance between GSH and ROS and introduces factors responsible for the disruption of cellular ROS and GSH balance, resulting in cell death. "GSH" and "ROS" were used as keywords to search the relevant literaturess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li Sun
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Terpenoids are the largest class of natural products, most of which are derived from plants. Amongst their numerous biological properties, their anti-tumor effects are of interest for they are extremely diverse which include anti-proliferative, apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic activities. Recently, several in vitro and in vivo studies have been dedicated to understanding the 'terpenoid induced autophagy' phenomenon in cancer cells. Light has already been shed on the intricacy of apoptosis and autophagy relationship. This latter crosstalk is driven by the delicate balance between activating or silencing of certain proteins whereby the outcome is expressed via interrelated signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on nine of the most studied terpenoids and on their cell death and autophagic activity. These terpenoids are grouped in three classes: sesquiterpenoid (artemisinin, parthenolide), diterpenoids (oridonin, triptolide), and triterpenoids (alisol, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, platycodin D, and ursolic acid). We have selected these nine terpenoids among others as they belong to the different major classes of terpenoids and our extensive search of the literature indicated that they were the most studied in terms of autophagy in cancer. These terpenoids alone demonstrate the complexity by which these secondary metabolites induce autophagy via complex signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK/JNK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMPK, NF-kB, and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, induction of autophagy can be either destructive or protective in tumor cells. Nevertheless, should this phenomenon be well understood, we ought to be able to exploit it to create novel therapies and design more effective regimens in the management and treatment of cancer.
Collapse
|