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Chen H, Xu M, Zhang B, Yu S, Weir MD, Melo MAS, Masri RM, Tang Y, Xu HHK, Yang D. Novel strategy of S. mutans gcrR gene over-expression plus antibacterial dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate suppresses biofilm acids and reduces dental caries in rats. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00160-X. [PMID: 38942710 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a major contributor to dental caries, with its ability to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and biofilms. The gcrR gene is a regulator of EPS synthesis and biofilm formation. The objectives of this study were to investigate a novel strategy of combining gcrR gene over-expression with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), and to determine their in vivo efficacy in reducing caries in rats for the first time. METHODS Two types of S. mutans were tested: Parent S. mutans; and gcrR gene over-expressed S. mutans (gcrR OE S. mutans). Bacterial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured with DMAHDM and chlorhexidine (CHX). Biofilm biomass, polysaccharide, lactic acid production, live/dead staining, colony-forming units (CFUs), and metabolic activity (MTT) were evaluated. A Sprague-Dawley rat model was used with parent S. mutans and gcrR OE S. mutans colonization to determine caries-inhibition in vivo. RESULTS Drug-susceptibility of gcrR OE S. mutans to DMAHDM or CHX was 2-fold higher than that of parent S. mutans. DMAHDM reduced biofilm CFU by 3-4 logs. Importantly, the combined gcrR OE S. mutans+ DMAHDM dual strategy reduced biofilm CFU by 5 logs. In the rat model, the parent S. mutans group had a higher cariogenicity in dentinal (Dm) and extensive dentinal (Dx) regions. The DMAHDM + gcrR OE group reduced the Dm and Dx caries to only 20 % and 0 %, those of parent S. mutans + PBS control group (p < 0.05). The total caries severity of gcrR OE + DMAHDM group was decreased to 51 % that of parent S. mutans control (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The strategy of combining S. mutans gcrR over-expression with antibacterial monomer reducing biofilm acids by 97 %, and reduced in vivo total caries in rats by 48 %. The gcrR over-expression + DMAHDM strategy is promising for a wide range of dental applications to inhibit caries and protect tooth structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei Distrinct, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei Distrinct, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei Distrinct, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Radi M Masri
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yunhao Tang
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Deqin Yang
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei Distrinct, Chongqing 401147, PR China.
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Surekha S, Lamiyan AK, Gupta V. Antibiotic Resistant Biofilms and the Quest for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:20-35. [PMID: 38468748 PMCID: PMC10924852 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major leading causes of death around the globe. Present treatment pipelines are insufficient to overcome the critical situation. Prominent biofilm forming human pathogens which can thrive in infection sites using adaptive features results in biofilm persistence. Considering the present scenario, prudential investigations into the mechanisms of resistance target them to improve antibiotic efficacy is required. Regarding this, developing newer and effective treatment options using edge cutting technologies in medical research is the need of time. The reasons underlying the adaptive features in biofilm persistence have been centred on different metabolic and physiological aspects. The high tolerance levels against antibiotics direct researchers to search for novel bioactive molecules that can help combat the problem. In view of this, the present review outlines the focuses on an opportunity of different strategies which are in testing pipeline can thus be developed into products ready to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Surekha
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Varsha Gupta
- GMCH: Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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Fan M, Zhou Z, Zhu W, Li M, Tu Y, Yu Z, Li J, Zhang M, Liang K. Reinforced dentin remineralization via a novel dual-affinity peptide. Dent Mater 2024; 40:254-266. [PMID: 37989605 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In light of the constantly flowing saliva, anti-caries remineralization agents are inclined to be taken away. Owing to their limited residence time, the remineralization effect is not as desirable as expected. Hence, our study aimed to synthesize a novel peptide (DGP) with high affinity to both collagen fibrils and hydroxyapatite, and investigated its dentin remineralization efficacy in vitro and anti-caries capability in vivo. METHODS DGP was synthesized through Fmoc solid-phase reaction. The binding ability and interaction mechanism of DGP to demineralized dentin were investigated. Dentin specimens were demineralized, then treated with DGP and deionized water respectively. The specimens were incubated in artificial saliva and in-vitro remineralization effectiveness was analyzed after 14 days. The rat caries model was established to further scrutinize the in-vivo efficacy of caries prevention. RESULTS DGP possesses an enhanced adhesion force of 12.29 ± 1.12 nN to demineralized dentin. The favorable adsorption capacity is ascribed to the stable hydrogen bonds between S2P-101 and ASP-100 of DGP and GLY33 and PRO-16 of collagen fibers. Abundant mineral deposits and remarkable tubule occlusion were observed in the DGP group. DGP-treated dentin obtained notable microhardness recovery and higher mineral content after a 14-day remineralization regimen. DGP also demonstrated potent caries prevention in vivo, with substantially fewer carious lesions and significantly lower Keyes scoring. SIGNIFICANCE DGP proves to possess a high affinity to demineralized dentin regardless of saliva flowing, thus enhancing remineralization potency significantly in vitro and in vivo, potential for dental caries prevention and combatting initial dentin caries clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zilin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wanchun Zhu
- Chongqing Medical University Stomatology College, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Sangavi R, Muthumanickam S, Malligarjunan N, Jothi R, Boomi P, Arivudainambi S, Raman M, Joshi CG, Pandian SK, Gowrishankar S. In silico analysis unravels the promising anticariogenic efficacy of fatty acids against dental caries causing Streptococcus mutans. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37993988 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Globally, dental caries is a prevalent oral disease caused by cariogenic bacteria, primarily Streptococcus mutans. It establishes caries either through sucrose-dependent (via glycosyltransferases) or through sucrose-independent (via surface adhesins Antigen I/II) mechanism. Sortase A (srtA) attaches virulence-associated adhesins to host tissues. Because of their importance in the formation of caries, targeting these proteins is decisive in the development of new anticariogenic drugs. High-throughput virtual screening with LIPID MAPS -a fatty acid database was performed. The selected protein-ligand complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation (MDs). The Binding Free Energy of complexes was predicted using MM/PBSA. Further, the drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties of ligands were also analyzed. Out of 46,200 FAs scrutinized virtually against the three protein targets (viz., GtfC, Ag I/II and srtA), top 5 FAs for each protein were identified as the best hit based on interaction energies viz., hydrogen bond numbers and hydrophobic interaction. Further, two common FAs (LMFA01050418 and LMFA01040045) that showed high binding affinity against Ag I/II and srtA were selected for MDs analysis. A 100ns MDs unveiled a stable conformation. Results of Rg signified that FAs does not induce significant structural & conformational changes. SASA indicated that the complexes maintain higher thermodynamic stability during MDs. The predicted binding free energy (MM/PBSA) of complexes elucidated their stable binding interaction. ADME analysis suggested the FAs are biologically feasible as therapeutic candidates. Overall, the presented in silico data is the first of its kind in delineating FAs as promising anticaries agents of future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichellam Sangavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Sankar Muthumanickam
- Department of Bioinformatics, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | | | - Ravi Jothi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Pandi Boomi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Seenichamy Arivudainambi
- Department of Science & Technology, Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Muthusamy Raman
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Saveetha Dental University, Chennai, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Department of Science & Technology, Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
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Zhou Y, Zhang B, Wang Y, Hu R. Effects of Sulforaphene on the Cariogenic Properties of Streptococcus Mutans In Vitro and Dental Caries Development In Vivo. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1359. [PMID: 37760656 PMCID: PMC10525627 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphene (SFE) is a common nutritional supplement with antibacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of SFE on the cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans and dental caries have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to investigate the caries-controlling potential of SFE. The effects of SFE on S. mutans were investigated using the broth microdilution method, crystal violet staining, SEM observation, acid tolerance assays, lactic acid quantification, and polysaccharide measurements. A rat caries model was established to evaluate the caries-controlling effects and biocompatibility of SFE in vivo. SFE inhibited S. mutans growth and biofilm formation. Furthermore, SFE restrained the cariogenic properties of S. mutans, including its acid production, acid tolerance, and extracellular polysaccharide production, without affecting the bacterial viability at sub-inhibitory levels. In the rat caries model, SFE significantly arrested the onset and development of dental caries. Moreover, no visible hemolytic phenomenon or cytotoxicity was detected in the SFE groups. After four weeks of SFE treatment, all rats remained in apparent good health with no significant differences in weight gain; their hemogram and biochemical parameters were normal; no pathological changes were observed in the oral mucosa, liver, or kidneys. In conclusion, SFE was safe and inhibited the development of caries effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhou
- The College of Renji, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Binhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- The College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rongdang Hu
- The College of Renji, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Mu R, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Li X, Ji J, Wang X, Gu Y, Qin X. Trans-cinnamaldehyde loaded chitosan based nanocapsules display antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against cavity-causing Streptococcus mutans. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2243067. [PMID: 37546377 PMCID: PMC10402844 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2243067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a multifactorial disease, and the bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the risk factors. The poor effect of existing anti-bacterial is mainly related to drug resistance, the short time of drug action, and biofilm formation. Methods To address this concern, we report here on the cinnamaldehyde (CA) loaded chitosan (CS) nanocapsules (CA@CS NC) sustained release CA for antibacterial treatment. The size, ζ-potential, and morphology were characterized. The antibacterial activities in vitro were studied by growth curve assay, pH drop assay, biofilm assay, and qRT-PCR In addition, cytotoxicity assay, organ index, body weight, and histopathology results were analyzed to evaluate the safety and biocompatibility in a rat model. Results CA@CS NC can adsorb the bacterial membrane due to electronic interaction, releasing CA slowly for a long time. At the same time, it has reliable antibacterial activity against S. mutans and downregulated the expression levels of QS, virulence, biofilm, and adhesion genes. In addition, it greatly reduced the cytotoxicity of CA and significantly inhibited dental caries in rats without obvious toxicity. Conclusion Our results showed that CA@CS NC had antibacterial and antibiofilm effects on S. mutans and inhibit dental caries. Besides, it showed stronger efficacy and less toxicity, and was able to adsorb bacteria releasing CA slowly, providing a new nanomaterial solution for the treatment of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Mu
- School of Biological Engineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Institute, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanyi Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxuan Ji
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Institute, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Institute, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Gu
- School of Stomatology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- School of Biological Engineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong, China
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Zeng Y, Chen Y, Duan C, Jiang X, Wang Y, Zhang L. A Transcriptional Analysis Showing the Effects of GH12 Combined with Fluoride for Suppressing the Acidogenicity of Streptococcus mutans Biofilms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1796. [PMID: 37512968 PMCID: PMC10386188 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The acidogenicity of Streptococcus mutans is important for caries development. The antimicrobial peptide GH12 can affect the integrity of cellular membranes and the virulence factors of S. mutans. Combining GH12 and NaF (GF) efficiently controlled the development of caries, but its mechanisms remained unrevealed. This research intended to verify the effects of GF on the acidogenicity of S. mutans biofilms and to reveal the mechanisms. Lactic acid production assays and pH monitoring assays were conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of the GF treatment on the acidogenicity of S. mutans biofilms. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to screen the transcriptional profile affected by the GF treatment. The results demonstrated the GF group had significantly less lactic acid and maintained the broth's pH values above 5.0 for longer times. Thereafter, GO/KEGG enrichment analyses and RT-qPCR validation revealed that the GF treatment mainly restrained the expression of genes related to the carbohydrates' internalization and metabolism. Compared with NaF, the GF treatment further downregulated the carbohydrates transportation genes. Moreover, compared with GH12, the GF treatment affected the membrane's integrity more significantly. Generally, GF treatment could arrest the acidogenicity of S. mutans biofilms, mainly through suppressing carbohydrates transportation and inhibiting overall metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Chengchen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Xuelian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
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Xu VW, Nizami MZI, Yin IX, Lung CYK, Yu OY, Chu CH. Caries Management with Non-Metallic Nanomaterials: A Systematic Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5809-5824. [PMID: 36474525 PMCID: PMC9719741 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s389038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-metallic nanomaterials do not stain enamel or dentin. Most have better biocompatibility than metallic nanomaterials do for management of dental caries. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to review the types, properties and potential uses of non-metallic nanomaterials systematically for managing dental caries. METHODS Two researchers independently performed a literature search of publications in English using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The keywords used were (nanoparticles OR nanocomposites OR nanomaterials) AND (caries OR tooth decay). They screened the titles and abstracts to identify potentially eligible publications of original research reporting non-metallic nanomaterials for caries management. Then, they retrieved and studied the full text of the identified publications for inclusion in this study. RESULTS Out of 2497 resulting publications, this study included 75 of those. The non-metallic nanomaterials used in these publications were categorized as biological organic nanomaterials (n=45), synthetic organic nanomaterials (n=15), carbon-based nanomaterials (n=13) and selenium nanomaterials (n=2). They inhibited bacteria growth and/or promoted remineralization. They could be incorporated in topical agents (29/75, 39%), dental adhesives (11/75, 15%), restorative fillers (4/75, 5%), dental sealant (3/75, 4%), oral drugs (3/75, 4%), toothpastes (2/75, 3%) and functional candies (1/75, 1%). Other publications (22/75, 29%) do not mention specific applications. However, most publications (67/75, 89%) were in vitro studies. Six publications (6/75, 8%) were animal studies, and only two publications (2/75, 3%) were clinical studies. CONCLUSION The literature showed non-metallic nanomaterials have antibacterial and/or remineralising properties. The most common type of non-metallic nanomaterials for caries management is organic nanomaterials. Non-metallic nanomaterials can be incorporated into dental sealants, toothpaste, dental adhesives, topical agents and even candies and drugs. However, the majority of the publications are in vitro studies, and only two publications are clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Wenqing Xu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Iris Xiaoxue Yin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Christie Ying Kei Lung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Li X, Wang Y, Jiang X, Zeng Y, Zhao X, Washio J, Takahashi N, Zhang L. Investigation of drug resistance of caries-related streptococci to antimicrobial peptide GH12. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:991938. [PMID: 36159653 PMCID: PMC9492880 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.991938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is associated with caries-related streptococci and antimicrobial agents have been widely used for caries control, but troubled by antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic and acquired resistance of caries-related streptococci to antimicrobial peptide GH12, which was proven promising for caries control, and preliminarily explore the phenotypic changes and whole genome of stable acquired resistant strains. In this study, susceptibility assays and resistance assays were performed, followed by stability assays of resistance, to evaluate the intrinsic resistance and the potential resistance of caries-related streptococci. Then, the phenotypic changes of the stable acquired resistant strain were explored. The whole genome of the resistant strain was sequenced and analyzed by second-generation and third-generation high-throughput sequencing technologies. Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguinis were intrinsically resistant to GH12 compared to cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. Acquired GH12 resistance in one S. sanguinis and four S. mutans clinical strains was transient but stable in one S. mutans strain (COCC33-14). However, acquired resistance to daptomycin (DAP) and chlorhexidine in all strains was stable. Furthermore, the COCC33-14 showed cross-resistance to DAP and delayed growth rates and a lower population. However, no drug-resistant gene mutation was detected in this strain, but 6 new and 5 missing genes were found. Among them, annotation of one new gene (gene 1782|COCC33-14R) is related to the integral component of the membrane, and one missing gene rpsN is associated with the metabolism and growth of bacteria. The results indicate that stable resistant mutants of caries-related streptococci could hardly be selected by exposure to consecutive sublethal GH12, but the risk still existed. Resistance in COCC33-14R is mainly related to changes in the cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jumpei Washio
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Tao S, Yang J, Su Z, Zhou F, Wang Z, Yang Y, Sun L, Deng Y, Liang K, Li J. A Dentin Biomimetic Remineralization Material with an Ability to Stabilize Collagen. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203644. [PMID: 35989094 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of collagen matrix structure is a prerequisite for effectively inducing biomimetic remineralization. Repeated low pH stimulation activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in dental caries. Activated MMPs cause the breakdown of collagen fibrils. Collagen stabilization is a major obstacle to the clinical application of remineralization templates. Here, galardin-loaded poly(amido amine) (PAMAM)-NGV (PAMAM-NGV@galardin, PNG) is constructed to induce collagen stabilization and dentin biomimetic remineralization simultaneously, in order to combat early caries in dentin. PAMAM acts in the role of nucleation template for dentin remineralization, while galardin acts as the role of MMPs inhibitor. NGV peptides modified on the surface of dendrimer core can form small clusters with synergistic movement in short range, and those short-range clusters can form domain areas with different properties on the surface of PAMAM core and restrict the movement of collagen, favoring collagen crosslinking, which can be explained through the computational simulation analysis results. NGV peptides and galardin show a dual collagen-protective effect, laying the foundation for the dentin remineralization effect induced by PAMAM. PNG induces dentin remineralization in an environment with collagenase, meanwhile showsing anti-dentin caries efficacy in vivo. These findings indicate that PNG has great potential to combat early dentin caries for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhifei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fangjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ziyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yingming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lizhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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11
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Jiang X, Wang Y, Li X, Feng Z, Zeng Y, Han S, Takahashi N, Zhang L. Development and evaluation of a chewing gum containing antimicrobial peptide GH12 for caries prevention. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12887. [PMID: 35917355 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a chewing gum containing a novel antimicrobial peptide GH12 and evaluate its biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and caries-preventive effects in vivo and in vitro. GH12 chewing gum was developed using a conventional method and its extracts were prepared in artificial saliva. GH12 concentration in the extracts was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography; extracts were used for growth curve assay, time-kill assay, crystal violet staining assay, scanning electron microscopy, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. A rat caries model was established, and molars were treated topically with extracts for 5 weeks. Weight gain monitoring, hematoxylin-eosin staining, micro-computed tomography, and Keyes scoring were conducted. Significant inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation was observed. Extracts displayed low cytotoxicity against human gingival epithelial cells. No significant differences in weight gain or signs of harm to the mucosal tissues in any of the rats were observed. Keyes scores of caries lesions in the GH12 chewing gum group were lower than those of the negative control group. It was concluded that GH12 chewing gum showed good biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and caries-preventive effects, exhibiting great potential to prevent dental caries as an adjuvant to regular oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Jiang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zening Feng
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhao Zeng
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sili Han
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Evaluation of the ability of adhesives with antibacterial and remineralization functions to prevent secondary caries in vivo. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3637-3650. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Cai S, Meng K, Liu P, Cao X, Wang G. Suppressive effects of gecko cathelicidin on biofilm formation and cariogenic virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 129:105205. [PMID: 34237581 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to investigate the effectivity of gecko cathelicidin Gj-CATH2 on biofilm formation and cariogenic virulence factors of S. mutans, and preliminary explore its function mechanisms. DESIGN Minimum inhibitory concentration and bacterial killing kinetics assays were performed to assess the antimicrobial effect of Gj-CATH2.The influence of Gj-CATH2 on S. mutans biofilm formation was determined by crystal violet staining method and observed by SEM. The effects of Gj-CATH2 on exopolysaccharides (EPS) synthesis, bacterial aggregation, acidogenicity and aciduricity of S. mutans were also investigated. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to acquire the expression profile of related genes. RESULTS Gj-CATH2 showed strong bactericidal and anti-biofilm effects on S. mutans. SEM confirmed the reduction of the dense structure in S. mutans biofilm in Gj-CATH2-treated groups. Gj-CATH2 significantly inhibited EPS synthesis, cell aggregation, acid production of S. mutans, but showed no influence on its acid proof. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to biofilm formation (gtfB/C/D, gbpB/D), quorum sensing system (luxS and comD/E) and acidogenicity (ldh) was significantly suppressed by Gj-CATH2. Gj-CATH2 also displayed advantageous resistance in human saliva and exhibited negligible toxicity against mammalian cells. CONCLUSIONS Gj-CATH2 inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation by targeting the bacterial adhesion and the biofilm maturation stages. Gj-CATH2 significantly suppressed virulence factors production of S. mutans, resulting in decreased EPS synthesis and reduced acidogenicity of bacteria. These findings suggest Gj-CATH2 might be a promising agent for clinical application in prevention of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Cai
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
| | - Kai Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Xianting Cao
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
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14
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Ramburrun P, Pringle NA, Dube A, Adam RZ, D'Souza S, Aucamp M. Recent Advances in the Development of Antimicrobial and Antifouling Biocompatible Materials for Dental Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3167. [PMID: 34207552 PMCID: PMC8229368 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The risk of secondary bacterial infections resulting from dental procedures has driven the design of antimicrobial and antifouling dental materials to curb pathogenic microbial growth, biofilm formation and subsequent oral and dental diseases. Studies have investigated approaches based primarily on contact-killing or release-killing materials. These materials are designed for addition into dental resins, adhesives and fillings or as immobilized coatings on tooth surfaces, titanium implants and dental prosthetics. This review discusses the recent developments in the different classes of biomaterials for antimicrobial and antifouling dental applications: polymeric drug-releasing materials, polymeric and metallic nanoparticles, polymeric biocides and antimicrobial peptides. With modifications to improve cytotoxicity and mechanical properties, contact-killing and anti-adhesion materials show potential for incorporation into dental materials for long-term clinical use as opposed to short-lived antimicrobial release-based coatings. However, extended durations of biocompatibility testing, and adjustment of essential biomaterial features to enhance material longevity in the oral cavity require further investigations to confirm suitability and safety of these materials in the clinical setting. The continuous exposure of dental restorative and regenerative materials to pathogenic microbes necessitates the implementation of antimicrobial and antifouling materials to either replace antibiotics or improve its rational use, especially in the day and age of the ever-increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Ramburrun
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Nadine A Pringle
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Admire Dube
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Razia Z Adam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Sarah D'Souza
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Marique Aucamp
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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15
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Silveira GGOS, Torres MDT, Ribeiro CFA, Meneguetti BT, Carvalho CME, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Franco OL, Cardoso MH. Antibiofilm Peptides: Relevant Preclinical Animal Infection Models and Translational Potential. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:55-73. [PMID: 33615161 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-forming bacteria may be 10-1000 times more resistant to antibiotics than planktonic bacteria and represent about 75% of bacterial infections in humans. Antibiofilm treatments are scarce, and no effective therapies have been reported so far. In this context, antibiofilm peptides (ABPs) represent an exciting class of agents with potent activity against biofilms both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, murine models of bacterial biofilm infections have been used to evaluate the in vivo effectiveness of ABPs. Therefore, here we highlight the translational potential of ABPs and provide an overview of the different clinically relevant murine models to assess ABP efficacy, including wound, foreign body, chronic lung, and oral models of infection. We discuss key challenges to translate ABPs to the clinic and the pros and cons of the existing murine biofilm models for reliable assessment of the efficacy of ABPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine G O S Silveira
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil
| | - Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Camila F A Ribeiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil
| | - Beatriz T Meneguetti
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil
| | - Cristiano M E Carvalho
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Octávio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Marlon H Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal 71966-700, Brazil
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16
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Sarikaya R, Song L, Yuca E, Xie SX, Boone K, Misra A, Spencer P, Tamerler C. Bioinspired multifunctional adhesive system for next generation bio-additively designed dental restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 113:104135. [PMID: 33160267 PMCID: PMC8101502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Resin-based composite has overtaken dental amalgam as the most popular material for the repair of lost or damaged tooth structure. In spite of the popularity, the average composite lifetime is about half that of amalgam restorations. The leading cause of composite-restoration failure is decay at the margin where the adhesive is applied. The adhesive is intended to seal the composite/tooth interface, but the adhesive seal to dentin is fragile and readily degraded by acids, enzymes and other oral fluids. The inherent weakness of this material system is attributable to several factors including the lack of antimicrobial properties, remineralization capabilities and durable mechanical performance - elements that are central to the integrity of the adhesive/dentin (a/d) interfacial seal. Our approach to this problem offers a transition from a hybrid to a biohybrid structure. Discrete peptides are tethered to polymers to provide multi-bio-functional adhesive formulations that simultaneously achieve antimicrobial and remineralization properties. The bio-additive materials design combines several functional properties with the goal of providing an adhesive that will serve as a durable barrier to recurrent decay at the composite/tooth interface. This article provides an overview of our multi-faceted approach which uses peptides tethered to polymers and new polymer chemistries to achieve the next generation adhesive system - an adhesive that provides antimicrobial properties, repair of defective dentin and enhanced mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizacan Sarikaya
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Linyong Song
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Esra Yuca
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34210, Turkey
| | - Sheng-Xue Xie
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Kyle Boone
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St, University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Anil Misra
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering Department, University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St, University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Candan Tamerler
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St, University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
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17
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Jiang W, Luo J, Wang Y, Chen X, Jiang X, Feng Z, Zhang L. The pH-Responsive Property of Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 Enhances Its Anticaries Effects at Acidic pH. Caries Res 2020; 55:21-31. [PMID: 33341803 DOI: 10.1159/000508458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is closely related to the acidification of the biofilms on the tooth surface, in which cariogenic bacteria bring about a dramatic pH decrease and disrupt remineralisation equilibrium upon the fermentation of dietary sugars. Thus, approaches targeting the acidified niches with enhanced anticaries activities at acidic pH are highly desirable. In our previous study, a cationic amphipathic α-helical antimicrobial peptide GH12 (Gly-Leu-Leu-Trp-His-Leu-Leu-His-His-Leu-Leu-His-NH2) was designed with good stability, low cytotoxicity, and excellent antibacterial effects. Considering its potent antibacterial activity against the acidogenic bacteria and its histidine-rich sequence, it was speculated that GH12 might show enhanced antimicrobial effects at an acidic pH. In this study, the pH-responsive property of GH12 was determined to evaluate its potential as a smart acid-activated anticaries agent. GH12 possessed much lower minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations against various kinds of bacteria at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.2. Employing Streptococcus mutans, the principal caries pathogen, as the model system, it was found that GH12 showed much stronger bactericidal effects on both planktonic S. mutans and S. mutans embedded in the biofilm at pH 5.5. In addition, short-term treatment with GH12 showed much more effective inhibitory effects on water-insoluble exopolysaccharides synthesis and lactic acid production of the preformed S. mutans biofilm at pH 5.5. As for the mechanism exploration, it was found that the net positive charge of GH12 increased and the tryptophan fluorescence intensity heightened with the peak shifting towards the short wavelength at pH 5.5, which demonstrated that GH12 could be more easily attracted to the anionic microbial cell membranes and that GH12 showed stronger interactions with the lipid membranes. In conclusion, acidic pH enhanced the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of GH12, and GH12 is a potential smart anticaries agent targeting the cariogenic acidic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangshu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zening Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
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18
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19
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Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 Prevents Dental Caries by Regulating Dental Plaque Microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00527-20. [PMID: 32414800 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00527-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the complex microecology and microenvironment of dental plaque, novel caries prevention strategies require modulating the microbial communities ecologically and reducing the cariogenic properties effectively. Antimicrobial peptide GH12 reduced the lactic acid production and exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis of a Streptococcus mutans biofilm and a three-species biofilm in vitro in previous studies. However, the anticaries effects and microecological effects of GH12 remained to be investigated in a complex biofilm model in vitro and an animal caries model in vivo In the present study, GH12 at 64 mg/liter showed the most effective inhibition of lactic acid production, EPS synthesis, pH decline, and biofilm integrity of human dental plaque-derived multispecies biofilms in vitro, and GH12 at 64 mg/liter was therefore chosen for use in subsequent in vitro and in vivo assays. When treated with 64-mg/liter GH12, the dental plaque-derived multispecies biofilms sampled from healthy volunteers maintained its microbial diversity and showed a microbial community structure similar to that of the control group. In the rat caries model with a caries-promoting diet, 64-mg/liter GH12 regulated the microbiota of dental plaque, in which the abundance of caries-associated bacteria was decreased and the abundance of commensal bacteria was increased. In addition, 64-mg/liter GH12 significantly reduced the caries scores of sulcal and smooth surface caries in all locations. In conclusion, GH12 inhibited the cariogenic properties of dental plaque without perturbing the dental plaque microbiota of healthy individuals and GH12 regulated the dysbiotic microbial ecology and arrested caries development under cariogenic conditions.IMPORTANCE The anticaries effects and microecological regulation effects of the antimicrobial peptide GH12 were evaluated systematically in vitro and in vivo GH12 inhibited the cariogenic virulence of dental plaque without overintervening in the microbial ecology of healthy individuals in vitro GH12 regulated the microbial ecology of dental plaque to a certain extent in vivo under cariogenic conditions, increased the proportion of commensal bacteria, and decreased the abundance of caries-associated bacteria. GH12 significantly suppressed the incidence and severity of dental caries in vivo This study thus describes an alternative antimicrobial therapy for dental caries.
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20
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Li Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Jiang W, Jiang X, Zeng Y, Li X, Feng Z, Luo J, Zhang L. Antimicrobial peptide GH12 as root canal irrigant inhibits biofilm and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod J 2020; 53:948-961. [PMID: 32189340 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objectives of this laboratory-based study were to investigate the effects of GH12 on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and virulence. METHODOLOGY Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of GH12 against E. faecalis were first determined. A time-kill assay was further conducted. The effects of GH12 on the expression of virulence and stress genes in E. faecalis were evaluated by RT-qPCR. Crystal violet stain was used to investigate the effects of GH12 on E. faecalis biofilm formation and 1-day-old biofilm. Finally, an ex vivo tooth model contaminated with E. faecalis was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of GH12 as an irrigant by CFU counting, SEM and CLSM. One-way anova and Tukey's multiple comparisons test were used to compare the differences amongst groups (α = 0.05). RESULTS The MICs and MBCs of GH12 against E. faecalis were 8.0 ± 0.0 and 16.0 ± 0.0 mg L-1 , respectively, and GH12 at 32.0 mg L-1 reduced the bacterial numbers by more than 99.9% within 1 min. Various virulence genes (efaA, esp and gelE) and stress genes (dnaK, groEL, ctsR and clpPBCEX) in E. faecalis were significantly downregulated by GH12 at sub-MIC levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, both E. faecalis biofilm formation and the biomass of 1-day-old E. faecalis biofilm were significantly reduced by GH12 (P < 0.05). Elimination of E. faecalis in biofilms from root canal walls was achieved through irrigation with 64.0 mg L-1 GH12 for 30 min. CLSM analysis revealed that GH12 at 64.0 mg L-1 was most effective in eliminating bacteria within dentinal tubules (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In a laboratory setting, and when used as an irrigant, GH12 suppressed E. faecalis, downregulated specific virulence and stress-associated genes, eliminated intracanal E. faecalis protected by biofilms and killed bacteria in dentinal tubules. These results emphasize the need for preclinical and clinical studies to explore the potential of GH12 as an antimicrobial agent during root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Z Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Xie SX, Song L, Yuca E, Boone K, Sarikaya R, VanOosten SK, Misra A, Ye Q, Spencer P, Tamerler C. Antimicrobial Peptide-Polymer Conjugates for Dentistry. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2020; 2:1134-1144. [PMID: 33834166 PMCID: PMC8026165 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.9b00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion and growth at the composite/adhesive/tooth interface remain the primary cause of dental composite restoration failure. Early colonizers, including Streptococcus mutans, play a critical role in the formation of dental caries by creating an environment that reduces the adhesive's integrity. Subsequently, other bacterial species, biofilm formation, and lactic acid from S. mutans demineralize the adjoining tooth. Because of their broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and low risk for antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have received significant attention to prevent bacterial biofilms. Harnessing the potential of AMPs is still very limited in dentistry-a few studies have explored peptide-enabled antimicrobial adhesive copolymer systems using mainly nonspecific adsorption. In the current investigation, to avoid limitations from nonspecific adsorption and to prevent potential peptide leakage out of the resin, we conjugated an AMP with a commonly used monomer for dental adhesive formulation. To tailor the flexibility between the peptide and the resin material, we designed two different spacer domains. The spacer-integrated antimicrobial peptides were conjugated to methacrylate (MA), and the resulting MA-AMP monomers were next copolymerized into dental adhesives as AMP-polymer conjugates. The resulting bioactivity of the polymethacrylate-based AMP conjugated matrix activity was investigated. The antimicrobial peptide conjugated to the resin matrix demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans. Secondary structure analyses of conjugated peptides were applied to understand the activity differential. When mechanical properties of the adhesive system were investigated with respect to AMP and cross-linking concentration, resulting AMP-polymer conjugates maintained higher compressive moduli compared to hydrogel analogues including polyHEMA. Overall, our result provides a robust approach to develop a fine-tuned bioenabled peptide adhesive system with improved mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity. The results of this study represent a critical step toward the development of peptide-conjugated dentin adhesives for treatment of secondary caries and the enhanced durability of dental composite restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esra Yuca
- University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, Kansas, and Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kyle Boone
- University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, Kansas
| | | | | | - Anil Misra
- University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Qiang Ye
- University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, Kansas
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22
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Zhong H, Xie Z, Wei H, Zhang S, Song Y, Wang M, Zhang Y. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Temporin-GHc and Temporin-GHd Against Cariogenic Bacteria, Streptococcus mutans. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2854. [PMID: 31921036 PMCID: PMC6918509 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporin-GHc (GHc) and temporin-GHd (GHd) produced by the frog Hylarana guentheri had shown broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against bacteria and fungi. In this study, we investigated whether they exert antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans. GHc and GHd adopt the random coil conformation in aqueous solution and convert to α-helix in membrane mimetic environments by using circular dichroism spectroscope. They are positively charged by histidine, with the polar and nonpolar amino acids on opposing faces along the helix. The amphipathicity enabled the peptides to target at bacterial membrane, leading to an increase in membrane permeation and disruption of S. mutans, which allowed the peptides to bind with genomic DNA. GHc and GHd completely impeded the initial attachment of biofilm formation and disrupted preformed S. mutans biofilms. The expression of exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis genes which synthesize glucosyltransferases in S. mutans was downregulated by exposing to GHc or GHd, contributing to the decrease of soluble and insoluble EPS. GHc and GHd exhibited selectivity toward S. mutans in the presence of human erythrocytes, and no cytotoxicity toward human oral epithelial cells was observed at a concentration of 200 μM. These results laid the foundation for the development of GHc and GHd as potential anti-caries agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengren Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhipeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hanqi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanting Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Manchuriga Wang
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Animal Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yingxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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23
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Afrasiabi S, Pourhajibagher M, Chiniforush N, Aminian M, Bahador A. Anti-biofilm and anti-metabolic effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using chlorophyllin-phycocyanin mixture against Streptococcus mutans in experimental biofilm caries model on enamel slabs. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 29:101620. [PMID: 31841686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial (selective) removal of dental caries is a suitable manner to treat deep carious lesions in vital teeth with asymptomatic pulps. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) was proposed as a promising ancillary approach for reduction of the residual bacteria from the cavity. Therefore, the focus of this study was to investigate the influence of aPDT using diode laser (DL) plus PhotoActive+ (chlorophyllin-phycocyanin mixture [CHL-PC]) as photosensitizer (PS) on metabolic activity and the reduction in the number of living bacteria within the preformed biofilm caries model on enamel slabs of Streptococcus mutans. MATERIALS AND METHODS The lethal and sub-significant inhibitory (SSI) potential of aPDT using CHL-PC and 635 nm DL against experimental biofilm caries model on enamel slabs and metabolic activity of S. mutans was analyzed using crystal violet and XTT reduction assays, respectively. Intracellular ROS formation by DCFH-DA assay was measured in CHL-PC mediated aPDT treated bacterial samples. Tooth discoloration and cell cytotoxicity of CHL-PC were assessed in the CIEL*a*b* color space and neutral red assay, respectively. RESULTS In this study aPDT at a maximum concentration level of CHL-PC (5000 μg/mL) with 3 min DL irradiation time (103.12 J/cm2) reduced the ex-vivo cariogenic biofilm of S. mutans by 36.93 % (P < 0.05). Although chlorhexidine (CHX) had an anti-biofilm effect about 1.7 fold compared to CHL-PC mediated aPDT, this difference was not significant (36.93 in comparison to 63.05 %; P > 0.05). CHL-PC mediated aPDT demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial metabolic activity, with rates of 77 % at a SSI dose (using 156 μg/mL of CHL-PC and 3 min DL irradiation time with the energy density of 103.12 J/cm2). The treated bacterial cells exhibited significant (P < 0.05) increment in the ROS generation. The least color change (ΔE) was found using CHL-PC at a concentration of 156 μg/mL (ΔE = 2.74). CHL-PC in different concentrations showed no significant reduction in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) cell survival (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION CHL-PC mediated aPDT not only reduces the number of living bacteria within the biofilms of S. mutans in an experimental biofilm caries model on enamel slabs but also its influences microbial virulence by reducing the metabolic activity of the S. mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Afrasiabi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Aminian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Xie SX, Boone K, VanOosten SK, Yuca E, Song L, Ge X, Ye Q, Spencer P, Tamerler C. Peptide Mediated Antimicrobial Dental Adhesive System. APPLIED SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:557. [PMID: 33542835 PMCID: PMC7857482 DOI: 10.3390/app9030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The most common cause for dental composite failures is secondary caries due to invasive bacterial colonization of the adhesive/dentin (a/d) interface. Innate material weakness often lead to an insufficient seal between the adhesive and dentin. Consequently, bacterial by-products invade the porous a/d interface leading to material degradation and dental caries. Current approaches to achieve antibacterial properties in these materials continue to raise concerns regarding hypersensitivity and antibiotic resistance. Herein, we have developed a multi-faceted, bio-functionalized approach to overcome the vulnerability of such interfaces. An antimicrobial adhesive formulation was designed using a combination of antimicrobial peptide and a ε-polylysine resin system. Effector molecules boasting innate immunity are brought together with a biopolymer offering a two-fold biomimetic design approach. The selection of ε-polylysine was inspired due to its non-toxic nature and common use as food preservative. Biomolecular characterization and functional activity of our engineered dental adhesive formulation were assessed and the combinatorial formulation demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Our antimicrobial peptide-hydrophilic adhesive hybrid system design offers advanced, biofunctional properties at the critical a/d interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xue Xie
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Kyle Boone
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Bioengineering Program, 1530 W. 15th St., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Sarah Kay VanOosten
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Bioengineering Program, 1530 W. 15th St., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Esra Yuca
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Linyong Song
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Xueping Ge
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Qiang Ye
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Bioengineering Program, 1530 W. 15th St., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1530 W. 15th St., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Candan Tamerler
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Bioengineering Program, 1530 W. 15th St., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1530 W. 15th St., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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