Shared detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in cohabiting family members: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Oral microbiota in obstructive sleep apnea patients: a systematic review

PURPOSE

Evidence suggests that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at increased risk of suffering from periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues associated with a dysbiotic oral microbiota. This systematic review aims to explore the current literature about the composition of the oral microbiota in patients with OSA compared to those without OSA.

METHODS

Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched in May 2022 to identify original articles investigating the oral microbiota composition and/or oral microbiome (any microbiological technique) of patients with OSA (adults or children) vs. controls. Case report, reviews, and animal studies were excluded.

RESULTS

Of over 279 articles initially identified, 8 were selected, of which 3 dealt with pediatric patients. Overall, 344 patients with OSA and 131 controls were included. Five studies used salivary samples, 2 oral mucosal swabs, and 1 subgingival plaque sample. With different methods to characterize oral microbiota, 6/8 studies observed significant differences between patients with OSA patients and controls in the composition and relative abundance of several bacteria species/genera linked to periodontitis.

CONCLUSION

Within the limitations of the available literature, the present systematic review indicates that OSA and related conditions (e.g., mouth breathing) are associated with different oral microbiota compositions, which may underlie the association between OSA and periodontitis.

Comparison of oral microbiome profiles in 18-month-old infants and their parents

The onset and progress of dental caries and periodontal disease is associated with the oral microbiome. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that influence oral microbiome formation. One of the factors that influence oral microbiome formation is the transmission of oral bacteria from parents. However, it remains unclear when the transmission begins, and the difference in contributions of father and mother. Here, we focused on the oral microbiome of 18-month-old infants, at which age deciduous dentition is formed and the oral microbiome is likely to become stable, with that of their parents. We collected saliva from forty 18-month-old infants and their parents and compared the diversity and composition of the microbiome using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The results showed that microbial diversity in infants was significantly lower than that in parents and composition of microbiome were significantly different between infants and parents. Meanwhile, the microbiome of the infants was more similar to that of their mothers than unrelated adults. The bacteria highly shared between infants and parents included not only commensal bacteria but also disease related bacteria. These results suggested that the oral microbiome of the parents influences that of their children aged < 18 months.