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Bandu R, Oh JW, Kim KP. Extracellular vesicle proteins as breast cancer biomarkers: Mass spectrometry-based analysis. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300062. [PMID: 38829178 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-surrounded vesicles released by various cell types into the extracellular microenvironment. Although EVs vary in size, biological function, and components, their importance in cancer progression and the potential use of EV molecular species to serve as novel cancer biomarkers have become increasingly evident. Cancer cells actively release EVs into surrounding tissues, which play vital roles in cancer progression and metastasis, including invasion and immune modulation. EVs released by cancer cells are usually chosen as a gateway in the search for biomarkers for cancer. In this review, we mainly focused on molecular profiling of EV protein constituents from breast cancer, emphasizing mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic approaches. To further investigate the potential use of EVs as a source of breast cancer biomarkers, we have discussed the use of these proteins as predictive marker candidates. Besides, we have also summarized the key characteristics of EVs as potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer and provided significant information on their implications in breast cancer development and progression. Information provided in this review may help understand the recent progress in understanding EV biology and their potential role as new noninvasive biomarkers as well as emerging therapeutic opportunities and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bandu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jae Won Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Guo Z, Tian C, Shi Y, Song XR, Yin W, Tao QQ, Liu J, Peng GP, Wu ZY, Wang YJ, Zhang ZX, Zhang J. Blood-based CNS regionally and neuronally enriched extracellular vesicles carrying pTau217 for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:38. [PMID: 38444036 PMCID: PMC10913681 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01727-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate differential diagnosis among various dementias is crucial for effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study began with searching for novel blood-based neuronal extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are more enriched in the brain regions vulnerable to AD development and progression. With extensive proteomic profiling, GABRD and GPR162 were identified as novel brain regionally enriched plasma EVs markers. The performance of GABRD and GPR162, along with the AD molecule pTau217, was tested using the self-developed and optimized nanoflow cytometry-based technology, which not only detected the positive ratio of EVs but also concurrently presented the corresponding particle size of the EVs, in discovery (n = 310) and validation (n = 213) cohorts. Plasma GABRD+- or GPR162+-carrying pTau217-EVs were significantly reduced in AD compared with healthy control (HC). Additionally, the size distribution of GABRD+- and GPR162+-carrying pTau217-EVs were significantly different between AD and non-AD dementia (NAD). An integrative model, combining age, the number and corresponding size of the distribution of GABRD+- or GPR162+-carrying pTau217-EVs, accurately and sensitively discriminated AD from HC [discovery cohort, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.96; validation cohort, AUC = 0.93] and effectively differentiated AD from NAD (discovery cohort, AUC = 0.91; validation cohort, AUC = 0.90). This study showed that brain regionally enriched neuronal EVs carrying pTau217 in plasma may serve as a robust diagnostic and differential diagnostic tool in both clinical practice and trials for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Tian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xue-Ru Song
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310011, China
| | - Qing-Qing Tao
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Guo-Ping Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhen-Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- National Health and Disease Human Brain Tissue Resource Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Ye S, You Q, Song S, Wang H, Wang C, Zhu L, Yang Y. Nanostructures and Nanotechnologies for the Detection of Extracellular Vesicle. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200201. [PMID: 36394211 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has been taken as a minimally invasive examination and a promising surrogate to the clinically applied tissue-based test for the diagnosis and molecular analysis of cancer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry complex molecular information from the tumor, allowing for the multicomponent analysis of cancer and would be beneficial to personalized medicine. In this review, the advanced nanomaterials and nanotechniques for the detection and molecular profiling of EVs, highlight the advantages of nanotechnology in the high-purity isolation and the high-sensitive and high-specific identification of EVs, are summarized. An outlook on the clinical application of nanotechnology-based liquid biopsy in the diagnosis, prognostication, and surveillance of cancer is also provided. It provides information for developing liquid biopsy based on EVs by discussing the advantages and challenges of functionalized nanomaterials and various nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qing You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shuya Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,Translational Medicine Center, Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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4
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Cruz LJ, Rezaei S, Grosveld F, Philipsen S, Eich C. Nanoparticles targeting hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells: Multimodal carriers for the treatment of hematological diseases. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:1030285. [PMID: 36407494 PMCID: PMC9666682 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.1030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern-day hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapies, such as gene therapy, modify autologous HSCs prior to re-infusion into myelo-conditioned patients and hold great promise for treatment of hematological disorders. While this approach has been successful in numerous clinical trials, it relies on transplantation of ex vivo modified patient HSCs, which presents several limitations. It is a costly and time-consuming procedure, which includes only few patients so far, and ex vivo culturing negatively impacts on the viability and stem cell-properties of HSCs. If viral vectors are used, this carries the additional risk of insertional mutagenesis. A therapy delivered to HSCs in vivo, with minimal disturbance of the HSC niche, could offer great opportunities for novel treatments that aim to reverse disease symptoms for hematopoietic disorders and could bring safe, effective and affordable genetic therapies to all parts of the world. However, substantial unmet needs exist with respect to the in vivo delivery of therapeutics to HSCs. In the last decade, in particular with the development of gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9, nanoparticles (NPs) have become an emerging platform to facilitate the manipulation of cells and organs. By employing surface modification strategies, different types of NPs can be designed to target specific tissues and cell types in vivo. HSCs are particularly difficult to target due to the lack of unique cell surface markers that can be utilized for cell-specific delivery of therapeutics, and their shielded localization in the bone marrow (BM). Recent advances in NP technology and genetic engineering have resulted in the development of advanced nanocarriers that can deliver therapeutics and imaging agents to hematopoietic stem- and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the BM niche. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of NP-based approaches targeting HSPCs to control and monitor HSPC activity in vitro and in vivo, and we discuss the potential of NPs for the treatment of malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders, with a specific focus on the delivery of gene editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J. Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Somayeh Rezaei
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Grosveld
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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5
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Chen X, Feng J, Chen W, Shao S, Chen L, Wan H. Small extracellular vesicles: from promoting pre-metastatic niche formation to therapeutic strategies in breast cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:141. [PMID: 36096820 PMCID: PMC9465880 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00945-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females, and to date, the mortality rate of breast cancer metastasis cannot be ignored. The metastasis of breast cancer is a complex, staged process, and the pattern of metastatic spread is not random. The pre-metastatic niche, as an organ-specific home for metastasis, is a favourable environment for tumour cell colonization. As detection techniques improve, the role of the pre-metastatic niche in breast cancer metastasis is being uncovered. sEVs (small extracellular vesicles) can deliver cargo, which is vital for the formation of pre-metastatic niches. sEVs participate in multiple aspects of creating a distant microenvironment to promote tumour invasion, including the secretion of inflammatory molecules, immunosuppression, angiogenesis and enhancement of vascular permeability, as well as regulation of the stromal environment. Here, we discuss the multifaceted mechanisms through which breast cancer-derived sEVs contribute to pre-metastatic niches. In addition, sEVs as biomarkers and antimetastatic therapies are also discussed, particularly their use in transporting exosomal microRNAs. The study of sEVs may provide insight into immunotherapy and targeted therapies for breast cancer, and we also provide an overview of their potential role in antitumour metastasis. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Breast, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jiamei Feng
- Department of Breast, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Weili Chen
- Department of Breast, Yueyang Hospital Integated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shijun Shao
- Department of Breast, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua Wan
- Department of Breast, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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6
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Liu X, Zong Z, Liu X, Li Q, Li A, Xu C, Liu D. Stimuli-Mediated Specific Isolation of Exosomes from Blood Plasma for High-Throughput Profiling of Cancer Biomarkers. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101234. [PMID: 35174989 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, ranging from 30-150 nm in diameter, have emerged as promising non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of numerous diseases. However, current research on exosomes is largely restricted by the lack of an efficient method to isolate exosomes from real samples. Herein, the first stimuli-mediated enrichment and purification system to selectively and efficiently extract exosomes from clinical plasma for high-throughput profiling of exosomal mRNAs as cancer biomarkers is presented. This novel isolation system relies on specific installation of the stimuli-responsive copolymers onto exosomal phospholipid bilayers, by which the enrichment and purification are exclusively achieved for exosomes rather than the non-vesicle counterparts co-existing in real samples. The stimuli-mediated isolation system outperforms conventional methods such as ultracentrifugation and polyethylene glycol-based precipitation in terms of isolation yield, purity, and retained bioactivity. The high performance of the isolation system is demonstrated by enriching exosomes from 77 blood plasma samples and validated the clinical potentials in profiling exosomal mRNAs for cancer diagnosis and discrimination with high accuracy. This simple isolation system can boost the development of extracellular vesicle research, not limited to exosomes, in both basic and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhiyou Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinzhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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7
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Dynamic Landscape of Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Proteins Is Related to Treatment Response of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110880. [PMID: 34832109 PMCID: PMC8619728 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. The majority of these deaths are due to disease metastasis, in which cancer cells disseminate to multiple organs and disrupt vital physiological functions. It is widely accepted that breast cancer cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain dynamic molecular cargo that act as versatile mediators of intercellular communication. Therefore, Evs. secreted by breast cancer cells could be involved in the development of metastatic disease and resistance to treatment. Moreover, changes in EV cargo could reflect the effects of therapy on their parent tumor cells. The aim of this feasibility study was to quantitatively profile the proteomes of Evs. isolated from blood samples taken from treatment sensitive and resistant metastatic breast cancer patients to identify proteins associated with responses. Three serial blood samples were collected from three patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving systemic therapy including a responder, a non-responder, and a mixed-responder. Evs. were isolated from plasma using size exclusion chromatography and their protein cargo was prepared for tandem mass tag (TMT)-labelling and quantitative analyses using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. After filtering, we quantitatively identified 286 proteins with high confidence using a q value of 0.05. Of these, 149 were classified as EV associated candidate proteins and 137 as classical, high abundant plasma proteins. After comparing EV protein abundance between the responder and non-responder, we identified 35 proteins with unique de-regulated abundance patterns that was conserved at multiple time points. We propose that this proof-of-concept approach can be used to identify proteins which have potential as predictors of metastatic breast cancer response to treatment.
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Qu X, Leung TCN, Ngai SM, Tsai SN, Thakur A, Li WK, Lee Y, Leung L, Ng TH, Yam J, Lan L, Lau EHL, Wong EWY, Chan JYK, Meehan K. Proteomic Analysis of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Lymph Node Metastasis in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:2179. [PMID: 34571828 PMCID: PMC8468562 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is the most reliable indicator of a poor prognosis for patients with oral tongue cancers. Currently, there are no biomarkers to predict whether a cancer will spread in the future if it has not already spread at the time of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to quantitatively profile the proteomes of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from blood samples taken from patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma with and without lymph node involvement and non-cancer controls. EVs were enriched using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) from pooled plasma samples of patients with non-nodal and nodal oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and non-cancer controls. Protein cargo was quantitatively profiled using isobaric labelling (iTRAQ) and two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 208 EV associated proteins and, after filtering, generated a short list of 136 proteins. Over 85% of the EV-associated proteins were associated with the GO cellular compartment term "extracellular exosome". Comparisons between non-cancer controls and oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma with and without lymph node involvement revealed 43 unique candidate EV-associated proteins with deregulated expression patterns. The shortlisted EV associated proteins described here may be useful discriminatory biomarkers for differentiating OTSCC with and without nodal disease or non-cancer controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Thomas C. N. Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (T.C.N.L.); (S.-M.N.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Sai-Ming Ngai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (T.C.N.L.); (S.-M.N.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Sau-Na Tsai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (T.C.N.L.); (S.-M.N.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Neuroscience, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (A.T.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China;
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wing-Kar Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Youngjin Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (A.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Leanne Leung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Tung-Him Ng
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China; (T.-H.N.); (J.Y.)
| | - Judy Yam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China; (T.-H.N.); (J.Y.)
| | - Linlin Lan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Eric H. L. Lau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Eddy W. Y. Wong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Jason Y. K. Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Katie Meehan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
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9
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Proteomic Exploration of Plasma Exosomes and Other Small Extracellular Vesicles in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Potential Source of Biomarkers for Relapse Occurrence. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11060917. [PMID: 34063765 PMCID: PMC8223799 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes and other small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential sources of cancer biomarkers. Plasma-derived EVs have not yet been studied in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), for which predictive biomarkers of relapse are greatly needed. In this two-part proteomic study, we used two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to analyze EV proteins of plasma collected at diagnosis from children with nodular sclerosis HL, relapsed or not. EVs isolated using membrane affinity had radii ranging from 20 to 130 nm and contained the programmed cell death 6-interacting (ALIX) and the tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) proteins, whereas calnexin (CANX) was not detected. 2D-DIGE identified 16 spots as differentially abundant between non-relapsed and relapsed HL (|fold change| ≥ 1.5, p < 0.05). LC–MS/MS identified these spots as 11 unique proteins, including five more abundant in non-relapsed HL (e.g., complement C4b, C4B; fibrinogen γ chain, FGG) and six more abundant in relapsed HL (e.g., transthyretin, TTR). Shotgun LC–MS/MS on pooled EV proteins from non-relapsed HL identified 161 proteins, including 127 already identified in human exosomes (ExoCarta data). This EV cargo included 89 proteins not yet identified in exosomes from healthy plasma. Functional interrogation by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) revealed that the EV proteins participate in platelet degranulation and serine-type endopeptidase activity as the most significant Gene Ontology (GO) biological process and molecular function (p < 0.01).
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Liu T, Hooda J, Atkinson JM, Whiteside TL, Oesterreich S, Lee AV. Exosomes in Breast Cancer - Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Potential. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:935-945. [PMID: 33627501 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membrane vesicles comprising apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and small EVs also called as exosomes. Exosomes when initially identified were considered as a waste product but the advancement in research techniques have provided insight into the important roles of exosomes in cell-cell communication, various biological processes and diseases, including cancer. As an important component of EVs, exosomes contain various biomolecules such as miRNAs, lipids, and proteins that largely reflect the characteristics of their parent cells. Notably, cancer cells generate and secrete many more exosomes than normal cells. A growing body of evidence suggests that exosomes, as mediators of intercellular cross-talk, play a role in tumorigenesis, cancer cell invasion, angiogenesis, tumor microenvironment (TME) formation, and cancer metastasis. As we gain more insights into the association between exosomes and cancer, the potential of exosomes for clinical use is becoming more intriguing. This review is focused on the role of exosomes in breast cancer, in terms of breast cancer biology, mechanism of action, potential as biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantong Liu
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jagmohan Hooda
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer M Atkinson
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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11
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Jordan KR, Hall JK, Schedin T, Borakove M, Xian JJ, Dzieciatkowska M, Lyons TR, Schedin P, Hansen KC, Borges VF. Extracellular vesicles from young women's breast cancer patients drive increased invasion of non-malignant cells via the Focal Adhesion Kinase pathway: a proteomic approach. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:128. [PMID: 33225939 PMCID: PMC7681773 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane particles that contribute to cancer progression and metastases by transporting biologically significant proteins and nucleic acids. They may also serve as biomarkers of various disease states or important therapeutic targets. Breast cancer EVs have the potential to change the behavior of other cells in their microenvironment. However, the proteomic content of EVs isolated from young women’s breast cancer patients and the mechanisms underlying the influence of EVs on tumor cell behavior have not yet been reported. Methods In our current translational studies, we compared the proteomic content of EVs isolated from invasive breast cancer cell lines and plasma samples from young women’s breast cancer (YWBC) patients and age-matched healthy donors using mass spectrometry. We analyzed the functionality of EVs in two dimensional tumor cell invasion assays and the gene expression changes in tumor cells after incubation with EVs. Results We found that treatment with EVs from both invasive breast cancer cell lines and plasma of YWBC patients altered the invasive properties of non-invasive breast cancer cells. Proteomics identified differences between EVs from YWBC patients and healthy donors that correlated with their altered function. Further, we identified gene expression changes in non-invasive breast cancer cells after treatment with EVs that implicate the Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) signaling pathway as a potential targetable pathway affected by breast cancer-derived EVs. Conclusions Our results suggest that the proteome of EVs from breast cancer patients reflects their functionality in tumor motility assays and may help elucidate the role of EVs in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Jordan
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Jessica K Hall
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Troy Schedin
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michelle Borakove
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jenny J Xian
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Knight Cancer Institute and Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Virginia F Borges
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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12
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MicroRNAs from Liquid Biopsy Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Recent Advances in Detection and Characterization Methods. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082009. [PMID: 32707943 PMCID: PMC7465219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have become a convenient tool in cancer diagnostics, real-time disease monitoring, and evaluation of residual disease. Yet, the information still encrypted in the variety of tumor-derived molecules identified in biofluids has proven difficult to decipher due to the technological limitations imposed by their biological nature. Such is the case of extracellular vesicle (EV) encapsulated ncRNAs, which have gained traction in recent years as biomarkers. Due to their resilience towards degrading factors they may act as suitable disease indicators. This review addresses the less described issues in this context. We present an overview of less investigated biofluids that can be used for EV isolation in addition to different isolation approaches to overcome the technical challenges these specimens harbor. Furthermore, we summarize the latest technological advances providing improvement to ncRNA detection and analysis. Thereby, this review summarizes the current state-of-the-art methodologies regarding EV and EV derived miRNA analysis and how they compare to current approaches.
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13
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Ponzetti M, Rucci N. Switching Homes: How Cancer Moves to Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4124. [PMID: 32527062 PMCID: PMC7313057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases (BM) are a very common complication of the most prevalent human cancers. BM are extremely painful and may be life-threatening when associated with hypercalcaemia. BM can lead to kidney failure and cardiac arrhythmias and arrest, but why and how do cancer cells decide to "switch homes" and move to bone? In this review, we will present what answers science has provided so far, with focus on the molecular mechanisms and cellular aspects of well-established findings, such as the concept of "vicious cycle" and "osteolytic" vs. "osteosclerotic" bone metastases; as well as on novel concepts, such as cellular dormancy and extracellular vesicles. At the molecular level, we will focus on hypoxia-associated factors and angiogenesis, the Wnt pathway, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and chemokines. At the supramolecular/cellular level, we will discuss tumour dormancy, id est the mechanisms through which a small contingent of tumour cells coming from the primary site may be kept dormant in the endosteal niche for many years. Finally, we will present a potential role for the multimolecular mediators known as extracellular vesicles in determining bone-tropism and establishing a premetastatic niche by influencing the bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
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14
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Chander V, Gangenahalli G. Emerging strategies for enhancing the homing of hematopoietic stem cells to the bone marrow after transplantation. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111954. [PMID: 32156602 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow failure is the primary cause of death after nuclear accidents or intentional exposure to high or low doses of ionizing radiation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the most potent treatment procedure for patients suffering from several hematopoietic malignancies arising after radiation injuries. Successful hematopoietic recovery after transplantation depends on efficient homing and subsequent engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells in specific niches within the bone marrow. It is a rapid and coordinated process in which circulating cells actively enter the bone marrow through the process known as transvascular migration, which involves the tightly regulated relay of events that finally leads to homing of cells in the bone marrow. Various adhesion molecules, chemokines, glycoproteins, integrins, present both on the surface of stem cells and sinusoidal endothelium plays a critical role in transvascular migration. But despite having an in-depth knowledge of homing and engraftment and the key events that regulate it, we are still not completely able to avoid graft failures and post-transplant mortalities. This deems it necessary to design a flawless plan for successful transplantation. Here, in this review, we will discuss the current clinical methods used to overcome graft failures and their flaws. We will also discuss, what are the new approaches developed in the past 10-12 years to selectively deliver the hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow by adopting proper targeting strategies that can help revolutionize the field of regenerative and translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Chander
- Division of Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Gurudutta Gangenahalli
- Division of Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India.
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15
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Chander V, Gangenahalli G. Pluronic-F127/Platelet Microvesicles nanocomplex delivers stem cells in high doses to the bone marrow and confers post-irradiation survival. Sci Rep 2020; 10:156. [PMID: 31932650 PMCID: PMC6957521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet microvesicles (pMVs) are submicron-sized heterogeneous vesicles released upon activation and contain several membrane receptors and proteins (CD41, CD61, CD62, CXCR4, PAR-1, etc.). We have revealed their ability to adhere to the triblock copolymer pluronic-F127 (PF127) and form a platelet microvesicular nanocloud which has the potential to enhance the transvascular migration of hematopoietic stem cells across the sinusoidal endothelium to the bone marrow. Besides, the pMVs nanoclouds bestow survival benefits when present on the cells used for infusion, particularly with PF127-stabilized with chitosan-alginate (PF127-CA HSCs). The vesicles were found to be firmly associated with PF127 in the nanocloud, which was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The abrogation of CXCR4/SDF-1 axis regulating the transmigration of the cells by antagonist AMD3100 revealed that the enriched CXCR4 receptors on pMVs robustize the transmigration of the infused cells. The homing of the cells led to effective engraftment and faster regeneration of the critical blood lineages, which elicited 100% survival of the mice receiving lethal doses of radiation. The Human Long-Term Culture Initiating Cells (LTC-ICs), Severe Combined Immunodeficient (SCID) - Repopulating Cells (SRCs) and Colony Forming Cells (CFCs) responsible for the regeneration, but present in extremely low numbers in the infused cell dose, have enabled the cells to reach the bone marrow in high numbers. This potential of the PF127 to sequester the pMVs and its application to achieve over 10-fold delivery of HSCs across the trans-endothelial checkpoint has so far not been reported. Thus, this mechanistic innovation is a potential post-exposure life-saving regimen capable of circumventing the irreparable damage to the bone marrow caused by lethal doses of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Chander
- Division of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Gurudutta Gangenahalli
- Division of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi, 110054, India.
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16
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Rosado M, Silva R, G Bexiga M, G Jones J, Manadas B, Anjo SI. Advances in biomarker detection: Alternative approaches for blood-based biomarker detection. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 92:141-199. [PMID: 31472753 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the clinical setting, a blood sample is typically the starting point for biomarker search and discovery. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a highly sensitive and informative method for characterizing a very wide range of metabolites and proteins and is therefore a potentially powerful tool for biomarker discovery. However, the physicochemical characteristics of blood coupled with very large ranges of protein and metabolite concentrations present a significant technical obstacle for resolving and quantifying putative biomarkers by MS. Blood fractionation procedures are being developed to reduce the proteome/metabolome complexity and concentration ranges, allowing a greater diversity of analytes, including those at very low concentrations, to be quantified. In this chapter, several strategies for enriching and/or isolating specific blood components are summarized, including methods for the analysis of low and high molecular weight compounds, usually neglected in this type of assays, extracellular vesicles, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). For each method, relevant practical information is presented for effective implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rosado
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rafael Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana G Bexiga
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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17
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KIAA0100 Modulates Cancer Cell Aggression Behavior of MDA-MB-231 through Microtubule and Heat Shock Proteins. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060180. [PMID: 29867023 PMCID: PMC6025110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The KIAA0100 gene was identified in the human immature myeloid cell line cDNA library. Recent studies have shown that its expression is elevated in breast cancer and associated with more aggressive cancer types as well as poor outcomes. However, its cellular and molecular function is yet to be understood. Here we show that silencing KIAA0100 by siRNA in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 significantly reduced the cancer cells’ aggressive behavior, including cell aggregation, reattachment, cell metastasis and invasion. Most importantly, silencing the expression of KIAA0100 particularly sensitized the quiescent cancer cells in suspension culture to anoikis. Immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that KIAA0100 may play multiple roles in the cancer cells, including stabilizing microtubule structure as a microtubule binding protein, and contributing to MDA-MB-231 cells Anoikis resistance by the interaction with stress protein HSPA1A. Our study also implies that the interaction between KIAA0100 and HSPA1A may be targeted for new drug development to specifically induce anoikis cell death in the cancer cell.
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