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de Amorim VP, Meira CM, Vickers JN. Pistol shooting performance under pressure: Longitudinal changes in gaze behavior of male and female Army cadets. Hum Mov Sci 2024; 95:103217. [PMID: 38636392 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
We found evidence that Army cadets improved their gaze behavior and performance across time under high and low pressure in a shooting task. The purpose of the study was to determine if male and female cadets developed an optimal quiet eye (QE) onset, a longer QE duration, and decreased pupil diameter variability (PDV) over time under low (LP) and high pressure (HP) conditions. The study was carried out over four sessions, with intervals of 4.5 months. During each session, 16 men and 12 women, first-year cadets of The Brazilian Army Academy, performed ten pistol shots under counterbalanced LP and HP conditions. The cadets shot in the upright position and wore an eye-tracker. Shooting accuracy improved and did not differ for men and women in the LP condition, however during HP the women performed more poorly than the men in session 1 but improved to a level similar to the men in session 4. QE duration Pre (aiming) did not differ during LP, while during HP QE Post (execution) increased across the session for men and women. QE onset 2 (execution) occurred earlier for the men than women during LP, while during HP the women improved to a level similar to the men in sessions 3 and 4. PDV declined across sessions for men and women with the lowest values in sessions 3 and 4. The findings are discussed within social facilitation theory, which states the context of training affects the rate at which improvements in motor skills occur. The results show that women cadets can improve their shooting performance, quiet eye duration, quiet eye onset and pupil diameter variability to a level similar to men if three to four LP and HP training sessions are scheduled across approximately 12-18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassio M Meira
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities, Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.
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Nalborczyk L, Debarnot U, Longcamp M, Guillot A, Alario FX. The Role of Motor Inhibition During Covert Speech Production. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:804832. [PMID: 35355587 PMCID: PMC8959424 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.804832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Covert speech is accompanied by a subjective multisensory experience with auditory and kinaesthetic components. An influential hypothesis states that these sensory percepts result from a simulation of the corresponding motor action that relies on the same internal models recruited for the control of overt speech. This simulationist view raises the question of how it is possible to imagine speech without executing it. In this perspective, we discuss the possible role(s) played by motor inhibition during covert speech production. We suggest that considering covert speech as an inhibited form of overt speech maps naturally to the purported progressive internalization of overt speech during childhood. We further argue that the role of motor inhibition may differ widely across different forms of covert speech (e.g., condensed vs. expanded covert speech) and that considering this variety helps reconciling seemingly contradictory findings from the neuroimaging literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislas Nalborczyk
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPC, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNC, Marseille, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Aymeric Guillot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Discriminative Frequencies and Temporal EEG Segmentation in the Motor Imagery Classification Approach. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A linear discriminant analysis transformation-based approach to the classification of three different motor imagery types for brain–computer interfaces was considered. The study involved 16 conditionally healthy subjects (12 men, 4 women, mean age of 21.5 years). First, the search for subject-specific discriminative frequencies was conducted in the task of movement-related activity. This procedure was shown to increase the classification accuracy compared to the conditional common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm, followed by a linear classifier considered as a baseline approach. In addition, an original approach to finding discriminative temporal segments for each motor imagery was tested. This led to a further increase in accuracy under the conditions of using Hjorth parameters and interchannel correlation coefficients as features calculated for the EEG segments. In particular, classification by the latter feature led to the best accuracy of 71.6%, averaged over all subjects (intrasubject classification), and, surprisingly, it also allowed us to obtain a comparable value of intersubject classification accuracy of 68%. Furthermore, scatter plots demonstrated that two out of three pairs of motor imagery were discriminated by the approach presented.
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Carnegie E, Marchant D, Towers S, Ellison P. Beyond visual fixations and gaze behaviour. Using pupillometry to examine the mechanisms in the planning and motor performance of a golf putt. Hum Mov Sci 2020; 71:102622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bart VKE, Koch I, Rieger M. Inhibitory mechanisms in motor imagery: disentangling different forms of inhibition using action mode switching. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 85:1418-1438. [PMID: 32367223 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In motor imagery, probably several inhibitory mechanisms prevent actual movements: global inhibition, effector-specific inhibition, and inhibition retrieved during target processing. We investigated factors that may influence those mechanisms. In an action mode switching paradigm, participants imagined and executed movements from home buttons to target buttons. We analysed sequential effects. Activation (due to execution) or inhibition (due to imagination) in the previous trial should affect performance in the subsequent trial, enabling conclusions about inhibitory mechanisms in motor imagery. In Experiment 1, evidence for global and effector-specific inhibition was observed. Evidence for inhibition retrieved during target processing was inconclusive. Data patterns were similar when start and end of the imagined movements were indicated with an effector that was part of the imagined movement (hand) and with a different effector (feet). In Experiment 2, we ruled out that the use of biological stimuli (left/right hands in Experiment 1) to indicate the effector causes sequential effects attributed to effector-specific inhibition, by using uppercase letters (R, L). As in Experiment 1, evidence for effector-specific inhibition was observed. In conclusion, we could reliably disentangle several inhibitory mechanisms in motor imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K E Bart
- Department for Psychology and Medical Sciences, Institute of Psychology, UMIT - Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tyrol, Austria.
| | - Iring Koch
- Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Rieger
- Department for Psychology and Medical Sciences, Institute of Psychology, UMIT - Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
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A Low-Cost, Wireless, 3-D-Printed Custom Armband for sEMG Hand Gesture Recognition. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19122811. [PMID: 31238529 PMCID: PMC6631507 DOI: 10.3390/s19122811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wearable technology can be employed to elevate the abilities of humans to perform demanding and complex tasks more efficiently. Armbands capable of surface electromyography (sEMG) are attractive and noninvasive devices from which human intent can be derived by leveraging machine learning. However, the sEMG acquisition systems currently available tend to be prohibitively costly for personal use or sacrifice wearability or signal quality to be more affordable. This work introduces the 3DC Armband designed by the Biomedical Microsystems Laboratory in Laval University; a wireless, 10-channel, 1000 sps, dry-electrode, low-cost (∼150 USD) myoelectric armband that also includes a 9-axis inertial measurement unit. The proposed system is compared with the Myo Armband by Thalmic Labs, one of the most popular sEMG acquisition systems. The comparison is made by employing a new offline dataset featuring 22 able-bodied participants performing eleven hand/wrist gestures while wearing the two armbands simultaneously. The 3DC Armband systematically and significantly (p<0.05) outperforms the Myo Armband, with three different classifiers employing three different input modalities when using ten seconds or more of training data per gesture. This new dataset, alongside the source code, Altium project and 3-D models are made readily available for download within a Github repository.
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O'Shea H, Moran A. Revisiting Imagery in Psychopathology: Why Mechanisms Are Important. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:457. [PMID: 31333514 PMCID: PMC6624818 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helen O'Shea
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aidan Moran
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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MacIntyre TE, Madan CR, Moran AP, Collet C, Guillot A. Motor imagery, performance and motor rehabilitation. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 240:141-159. [PMID: 30390828 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Motor imagery has been central to adzvances in sport performance and rehabilitation. Neuroscience has provided techniques for measurement which have aided our understanding, conceptualization and theorizing. Challenges remain in the appropriate measurement of motor imagery. Motor imagery continues to provide an impetus for new findings relating to our emotional network, embodied cognition, inhibitory processes and action representation. New directions are proposed which include exploring the physical setting and conditions in which imagery occurs and investigating if short term impairments to the motor system detract from motor imagery ability and the potential application of motor imagery for recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadhg E MacIntyre
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | | | - Aidan P Moran
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Collet
- UFR STAPS, Université de Lyon-Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- UFR STAPS, Université de Lyon-Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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