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Kar B, Torcan B. Isolation, morphological identification, and xylanase characteristics of anaerobic gut fungi Neocallimastix from Anatolian wild goat. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:377-388. [PMID: 36102627 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study shows the morphological identification of anaerobic fungal strains isolated from fecal samples of goats inhabiting Turkey and the effects of various metal ions and chemicals on extracellular xylanase production. Three different anaerobic gut fungi isolated from wild goats in Turkey were identified as Neocallimastix spp. xylanase, cellulase, and lichenase production were tested in culture supernatants, and the maximum-specific activities were found as 560.42 ± 9.39, 159.70 ± 3.88, and 157.36 ± 3.83 (μmol/min/mg protein), respectively. While the optimum temperature range of exo-xylanases was found as 40-50°C, their optimum pH range was determined as 6.0-6.5. Xylanase activity decreased in metal ions and other chemical reactants based on dose. The metal ion that significantly inhibited xylanase activity was Fe+3 . It was found that the ferric ions inhibited xylanase activity in all three anaerobic gut fungi by 30%-90% depending on molarity. On the contrary, the 1 mM concentrations of the Mn+2 , Ba+2 , Co+2 , Cu+2 , Sn+2 , and Mg+2 metal ions and the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and β-mercaptoethanol reagents had a positive effect at rates in the range of 3%-92%. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that anaerobic gut fungus has very stable fibrolytic enzymes that need to be separated, as well and the existence of a unique resource for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Kar
- Department of Organic Agriculture, Tunceli Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Berat Torcan
- Department of Organic Agriculture, Tunceli Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
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2
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Dhaver P, Pletschke B, Sithole B, Govinden R. Isolation, screening, preliminary optimisation and characterisation of thermostable xylanase production under submerged fermentation by fungi in Durban, South Africa. Mycology 2022; 13:271-292. [DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2079745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Priyashini Dhaver
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Brett Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Bruce Sithole
- Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban, South Africa
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roshini Govinden
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Amobonye A, Bhagwat P, Singh S, Pillai S. Enhanced xylanase and endoglucanase production from Beauveria bassiana SAN01, an entomopathogenic fungal endophyte. Fungal Biol 2020; 125:39-48. [PMID: 33317775 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to explore alternative applications of the widely known entomopathogenic/endophytic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, besides its sole use as a biocontrol agent. B. bassiana SAN01, was investigated for the production of two glycoside hydrolases, xylanase and endoglucanase under submerged conditions. Among the different biomass tested, wheat bran provided the best results for both xylanase and endoglucanase, and their production levels were further enhanced using response surface methodology. Under optimised conditions, heightened yields of 1061 U/ml and 23.03 U/ml were observed for xylanase and endoglucanase, respectively, which were 3.44 and 1.35 folds higher than their initial yields. These are the highest ever production levels reported for xylanase and endoglucanase from any B. bassiana strain or any known entomopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, the efficacy of xylanase/endoglucanase cocktail in the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse was evaluated. The highest amount of reducing sugar released from the pretreated biomass by the action of the crude Beauveria enzyme cocktail was recorded at 30°C after 8 h incubation. The significant activities of the hydrolytic enzymes recorded with B. bassiana in this study thus present promising avenues for the use of the entomopathogen as a new source of industrial enzymes and by extension, other biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Amobonye
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Prashant Bhagwat
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Suren Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Santhosh Pillai
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Alokika, Singh B. Production, characteristics, and biotechnological applications of microbial xylanases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8763-8784. [PMID: 31641815 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microbial xylanases have gathered great attention due to their biotechnological potential at industrial scale for many processes. A variety of lignocellulosic materials, such as sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, rice bran, wheat straw, wheat bran, corn cob, and ragi bran, are used for xylanase production which also solved the great issue of solid waste management. Both solid-state and submerged fermentation have been used for xylanase production controlled by various physical and nutritional parameters. Majority of xylanases have optimum pH in the range of 4.0-9.0 with optimum temperature at 30-60 °C. For biochemical, molecular studies and also for successful application in industries, purification and characterization of xylanase have been carried out using various appropriate techniques. Cloning and genetic engineering are used for commercial-level production of xylanase, to meet specific economic viability and industrial needs. Microbial xylanases are used in various biotechnological applications like biofuel production, pulp and paper industry, baking and brewing industry, food and feed industry, and deinking of waste paper. This review describes production, characteristics, and biotechnological applications of microbial xylanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alokika
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Life Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
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Dahiya S, Singh B. Enhanced endoxylanase production by Myceliophthora thermophila with applicability in saccharification of agricultural substrates. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:214. [PMID: 31114738 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of enzymes by solid-state fermentation is an interesting process and currently used worldwide as it can be carried out in solid matrix in absence of free water. In present study, Myceliophthora thermophila BJTLRMDU3 produced high titres of endoxylanase (890.55 U/g DR, dry residue) using 5 g rice straw at pH 7.0 and at 45 °C with 1:7 (w/v) solid-to-moisture ratio with inoculum rate of 12 × 106 spores/ml after 4 days in solid-state fermentation. High enzyme titre was produced after moistening the rice straw with solution containing ammonium sulphate (0.4%), K2HPO4 (1.0%), MgSO4·7H2O (0.3%), FeSO4·7H2O (0.03%) and CaCl2 (0.03%). Addition of sucrose (2% w/v) and ammonium nitrate (2% w/v) further enhanced the endoxylanase production. A high endoxylanase production was achieved at water activity (a W) of 0.95 (1639.80 U/g DR) that declined drastically below this value. Among different surfactants, Tween 20 (3% v/v) enhanced the secretion of endoxylanase (2047.91 U/g DR). Furthermore, on optimization of K2HPO4 concentration, it was found that 0.5% K2HPO4 improved (2191.28 U/g DR) endoxylanase production and overall 4.35-folds increase in production of endoxylanase was achieved after optimization of culture conditions. The enzyme has potential to liberate monomeric (xylose) as well as oligomeric (xylotiose, xylotetrose, and xylopantose) sugars from xylan. On saccharification of rice straw and corncob with endoxylanase, maximum yield of reducing sugars was 135.61 and 132.61 mg/g of substrate recorded after 48, and 36 h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Dahiya
- 1Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Bijender Singh
- 1Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
- 2Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Life Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031 India
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Peng Z, Jin Y, Du J. Enzymatic Properties of endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Wheat Malt. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:332-338. [PMID: 30816076 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190228144851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabinoxylan (AX) is the main non-starch polysaccharide in wheat. Wheat malts are traditional raw materials for beer brewing. AX is divided into water-soluble arabinoxylan (WEAX) and waterinsoluble arabinoxylan (WUAX). In the mashing stage of beer production, WUAX in malt is degraded by arabinoxylanase to WEAX, which is further degraded to smaller molecules and retained in the final beer. The viscosity of WEAX is related to its molecular weight. WEAX with higher molecular weight and viscosity can increase viscosity and turbidity and reduce filtration speed of wort and beer; WEAX with moderate molecular weight and viscosity contributes to the foaming characteristics and foam stability, and promotes the taste and texture of a beer; WEAX with small molecular weight has the functions of anti-tumor and lowering blood pressure and is regarded as a prebiotic. Because WEAXs with different molecular weight and properties have different impacts on the beer brewing process and qualities of the final beer, it becomes more important to control the degradation of AX during the brewing process of a beer. Endo-1,4-β-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) is the most important AX degrading enzyme, which cleaves the β -xylosidic bond between two d-xylopyranosyl residues linked in β-(1,4). The study of enzymatic properties of endo-1,4-β-xylanase from wheat malt is very important for the rational formulation of the content and molecular weight of WEAX in wort and beer during the mashing procedure when using wheat malt as the main raw materials. OBJECTIVE In this article, our motivation is to study the enzymatic properties (including optimum pH and temperature, pH and temperature stability, the effect of inhibitors) of wheat malt endo-1,4-β-xylanase. METHODS In this article, we prepared crude enzyme according to the method of Guo with minor modifications. The endo-1,4-β-xylanase activity was determined according to the method of Biely in the previous report with minor modifications. The 0.5 mL crude enzyme sample was mixed with 0.5 mL 1 mg/mL 4-O-methyl-dglucurono- d-xylan dyed with Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR-Xylan) solution, intensively mixed, and incubated at 40 °C for exactly 90 min. The reaction was stopped by precipitation using 2 mL absolute ethanol, and the reaction mixture was stirred acutely and placed at room temperature for 30 min. Then, the mixture was mixed again and centrifuged at 6000 g for 10 min. The supernatant was collected and the absorbance was measured at 590 nm. Absolute ethanol and RBBR-Xylan were added to the control tubes first, and after the reaction was completed, the crude enzyme sample was added. One unit of endo-1,4-β-xylanase was defined as at pH 5.5 and 40 °C liberate 1 μmol xylose equivalents in 1 min per g dry wheat malt. RESULTS The results showed that the optimal activity of endo-1,4-β-xylanase was achieved at pH 5.5-6.0, and the enzyme was extremely stable at pH 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 after incubation for 30, 50 and 60 min, respectively. The optimal temperature was 40-45 °C and the deactivation temperature was 75 °C. Endo-1,4-β-xylanase was stable at 20 °C and 40 °C; the stability was slightly decreased at 50 °C and rapidly decreased at 55 °C. The enzyme activity was mildly inhibited by K+, Na+, and Pb2+, moderately inhibited by Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ and severely inhibited by Cu2+, Ag+ and EDTA. CONCLUSION We have got the enzymatic properties of endo-1,4-β-xylanase from wheat malt, so during wort mashing, we could apply this research result to carry out the rational formulation of the content and molecular weight of WEAX in wort and beer during the mashing procedure when using wheat malt as the main raw materials. Expected to solve the technical problems such as high viscosity, slow filtration speed and so on, but also highlight the typical flavors of WEAX such as rich and persistent foam and mellow texture during the brewing process of a beer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuhong Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinhua Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
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Grzegorczyk M, Kancelista A, Łaba W, Piegza M, Witkowska D. The effect of lyophilization and storage time on the survival rate and hydrolytic activity of Trichoderma strains. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 63:433-441. [PMID: 29305688 PMCID: PMC5984645 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluates the survivability and storage stability of seven Trichoderma strains belonging to the species: T. harzianum (1), T. atroviride (4), and T. virens (2) after the lyophilization of their solid state cultures on wheat straw. Biomass of Trichoderma strains was freeze-dried with and without the addition of maltodextrin. Furthermore, in order to determine the ability of tested Trichoderma strains to preserve selected technological features, the biosynthesis of extracellular hydrolases (cellulases, xylanases, and polygalacturonases) after a 3-month storage of lyophilizates was investigated. Strains of T. atroviride (except TRS40) and T. harzianum TRS85 showed the highest viability after lyophilization process (up to 100%). After 3 months of storage, T. atroviride TRS14 exhibited the highest stability (95.23%); however, the number of active conidia remained at high level of 106–107 cfu/g for all tested T. atroviride strains and T. harzianum TRS85. Interestingly, after a 3-month storage of lyophilized formulations, most of the tested Trichoderma strains exhibited higher cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities compared to the control, i.e., before freeze-drying process. The highest activities of these enzymes exhibited the following: T. atroviride TRS14–2.37 U/g and T. atroviride TRS25–21.47 U/g, respectively, whereas pectinolytic activity was weak for all tested strains, with the highest value of 0.64 U/g registered for T. virens TRS109.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Grzegorczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kancelista
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Łaba
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Piegza
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Danuta Witkowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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Concomitant production of cellulase and xylanase by thermophilic mould Sporotrichum thermophile in solid state fermentation and their applicability in bread making. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:109. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Ahirwar S, Soni H, Rawat HK, Prajapati BP, Kango N. Experimental design of response surface methodology used for utilisation of palm kernel cake as solid substrate for optimised production of fungal mannanase. Mycology 2016; 7:143-153. [PMID: 30123626 PMCID: PMC6059128 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2016.1229697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The results obtained from this work strongly indicate that the solid state fermentation (SSF) system using the palm kernel cake (PKC) as a substrate is an economical method for the production of β-mannanase at extremely low operational cost based on the fact that PKC is one of the cheap and abundant agro-waste by-products of the palm oil industry. Under initial conditions, i.e. 2 mm particle size of PKC, the moisture ratio of 1:1 of PKC:moistening agent and pH 7, Malbranchea cinnamomea NFCCI 3724 produced 109 U/gram distribution of the substrate (gds). The production of β-mannanase was optimised by the statistical approach response surface methodology (RSM) using independent variables, namely initial moisture (12.5), pH (9.0) and solka floc (100 mg). Noticeably, six fold enhancement of β-mannanase production (599 U/gds) was obtained under statistically optimised conditions. HPLC results revealed that β-mannanase is an endo-active enzyme that generated manno-oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerisation (DP) of 3 and 4. Semi-native PAGE analysis revealed that M. cinnamomea produced three isoforms of mannanase. Selective production of oligosaccharide makes M. cinnamomea β-mannanase an attractive enzyme for use in food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Ahirwar
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, India
| | - Hemant Soni
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, India
| | | | | | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, India
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Rani GB, Chiranjeevi T, Chandel AK, Satish T, Radhika K, Narasu ML, Uma A. Optimization of selective production media for enhanced production of xylanases in submerged fermentation by Thielaviopsis basicola MTCC 1467 using L16 orthogonal array. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 51:2508-16. [PMID: 25328190 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes have been the centre of attention for researchers/industrialists worldwide due to their wide range of physiological, analytical, food/feed and industrial based applications. Among the enzymes explored for industrial applications, xylanases play an instrumental role in food/feed, textile/detergent, paper and biorefinery based application sectors. This study deals with the statistical optimization of xylanase production by Thielaviopsis basicola MTCC 1467 under submerged fermentation conditions using rice straw, as sole carbon source. Different fermentation parameters such as carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salts like KH2PO4, MgSO4 and pH of the medium were optimized at the individual and interactive level by Taguchi orthogonal array methodology (L16). All selected fermentation parameters influenced the enzyme production. Rice straw, the major carbon source mainly influenced the production of xylanase (~34 %). After media optimization, the yield of enzyme improved from 38 to ~60 IU/ml (161.5 %) indicating the commercial production of xylanase by T. basicola MTCC 1467. This study shows the potential of T. basicola MTCC 1467 for the efficient xylanase production under the optimized set of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Baby Rani
- Centre for Biotechnology, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500 085 India
| | - T Chiranjeevi
- Centre for Biotechnology, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500 085 India
| | - Anuj K Chandel
- Centre for Biotechnology, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500 085 India ; Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering of Lorena, Engenharia de Lorena Estrada Municipal do Campinho, Caixa Postal 116 12.602.810 Lorena, SP Brazil
| | - T Satish
- Indian Institute of chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500 607 India
| | - K Radhika
- Centre for Biotechnology, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500 085 India
| | - M Lakshmi Narasu
- Centre for Biotechnology, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500 085 India
| | - A Uma
- Centre for Biotechnology, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500 085 India
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Knob A, Beitel SM, Fortkamp D, Terrasan CRF, de Almeida AF. Production, purification, and characterization of a major Penicillium glabrum xylanase using Brewer's spent grain as substrate. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:728735. [PMID: 23762855 PMCID: PMC3666430 DOI: 10.1155/2013/728735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, xylanases have been used in many processing industries. This study describes the xylanase production by Penicillium glabrum using brewer's spent grain as substrate. Additionally, this is the first work that reports the purification and characterization of a xylanase using this agroindustrial waste. Optimal production was obtained when P. glabrum was grown in liquid medium in pH 5.5, at 25 °C, under stationary condition for six days. The xylanase from P. glabrum was purified to homogeneity by a rapid and inexpensive procedure, using ammonium sulfate fractionation and molecular exclusion chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed one band with estimated molecular mass of 18.36 kDa. The optimum activity was observed at 60 °C, in pH 3.0. The enzyme was very stable at 50 °C, and high pH stability was verified from pH 2.5 to 5.0. The ion Mn(2+) and the reducing agents β -mercaptoethanol and DTT enhanced xylanase activity, while the ions Hg(2+), Zn(2+), and Cu(2+) as well as the detergent SDS were strong inhibitors of the enzyme. The use of brewer's spent grain as substrate for xylanase production cannot only add value and decrease the amount of this waste but also reduce the xylanase production cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Knob
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midwest State University, Camargo Varela de Sá Street 03, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Midwest State University, Camargo Varela de Sá Street 03, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Susan Michelz Beitel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midwest State University, Camargo Varela de Sá Street 03, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Diana Fortkamp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midwest State University, Camargo Varela de Sá Street 03, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - César Rafael Fanchini Terrasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex Fernando de Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, São Paulo State University, 24-A Avenue 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Garg G, Mahajan R, Kaur A, Sharma J. Xylanase production using agro-residue in solid-state fermentation from Bacillus pumilus ASH for biodelignification of wheat straw pulp. Biodegradation 2011; 22:1143-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-011-9470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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