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Soares RS, Gomes D, Serrano I, Cunha E, Tavares L, Oliveira M. Absence of Synergism between a Dual-AMP Biogel and Antibiotics Used as Therapeutic Agents for Diabetic Foot Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:407. [PMID: 38203579 PMCID: PMC10779294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are frequently linked to diabetic-related morbidity and death because of the ineffectiveness of conventional antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Pexiganan and nisin A are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and their application may complement conventional antibiotics in DFI treatment. A collagen 3D model, previously established to mimic a soft-tissue collagen matrix, was used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of a guar gum gel containing pexiganan and nisin alone and combined with three antimicrobials toward the biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from infected foot ulcers. Antimicrobials and bacterial diffusion were confirmed by spot-on-lawn and bacterial growth by bacterial count (cfu/mL). Our main conclusion was that the dual-AMP biogel combined with gentamicin, clindamycin, or vancomycin was not able to significantly reduce bacterial growth or eradicate S. aureus and P. aeruginosa DFI isolates. We further reported an antagonism between dual-AMP and dual-AMP combined with antibiotics against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Silva Soares
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.S.S.); (D.G.); (E.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Gomes
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.S.S.); (D.G.); (E.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isa Serrano
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.S.S.); (D.G.); (E.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.S.S.); (D.G.); (E.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.S.S.); (D.G.); (E.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.S.S.); (D.G.); (E.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Abebe AA, Birhanu AG. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Drug Resistance Development and Novel Strategies to Combat. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7641-7662. [PMID: 38111667 PMCID: PMC10726795 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s428103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major threat to global health. Infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the well-recognized global public health problem globally. In some regions, as many as 90% of S. aureus infections are reported to be MRSA, which cannot be treated with standard antibiotics. WHO reports indicated that MRSA is circulating in every province worldwide, significantly increasing the risk of death by 64% compared to drug-sensitive forms of the infection which is attributed to its antibiotic resistance. The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant MRSA strains have contributed to its increased prevalence in both healthcare and community settings. The resistance of S. aureus to methicillin is due to expression of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which renders it impervious to the action of β-lactam antibiotics including methicillin. The other is through the production of beta-lactamases. Although the treatment options for MRSA are limited, there are promising alternatives to antibiotics to combat the infections. Innovative therapeutic strategies with wide range of activity and modes of action are yet to be explored. The review highlights the global challenges posed by MRSA, elucidates the mechanisms underlying its resistance development, and explores mitigation strategies. Furthermore, it focuses on alternative therapies such as bacteriophages, immunotherapy, nanobiotics, and antimicrobial peptides, emphasizing their synergistic effects and efficacy against MRSA. By examining these alternative approaches, this review provides insights into the potential strategies for tackling MRSA infections and combatting the escalating threat of AMR. Ultimately, a multifaceted approach encompassing both conventional and novel interventions is imperative to mitigate the impact of MRSA and ensure a sustainable future for global healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assefa Asnakew Abebe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Godana Birhanu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Chen X, Han J, Cai X, Wang S. Antimicrobial peptides: Sustainable application informed by evolutionary constraints. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108012. [PMID: 35752270 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation and global expansion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have deepened the need to develop novel antimicrobials. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are regarded as promising antibacterial agents because of their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and multifaceted mechanisms of action with non-specific targets. However, if AMPs are to be applied sustainably, knowledge of how they induce resistance in pathogenic bacteria must be mastered to avoid repeating the traditional antibiotic resistance mistakes currently faced. Furthermore, the evolutionary constraints on the acquisition of AMP resistance by microorganisms in the natural environment, such as functional compatibility and fitness trade-offs, inform the translational application of AMPs. Consequently, the shortcut to achieve sustainable utilization of AMPs is to uncover the evolutionary constraints of bacteria on AMP resistance in nature and find the tricks to exploit these constraints, such as applying AMP cocktails to minimize the efficacy of selection for resistance or combining nanomaterials to maximize the costs of AMP resistance. Altogether, this review dissects the benefits, challenges, and opportunities of utilizing AMPs against disease-causing bacteria, and highlights the use of AMP cocktails or nanomaterials to proactively address potential AMP resistance crises in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jinzhi Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xixi Cai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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Wang S, Liu S, Wang C, Ye B, Lv L, Ye Q, Xie S, Hu G, Zou J. Dietary Antimicrobial Peptides Improve Intestinal Function, Microbial Composition and Oxidative Stress Induced by Aeromonas hydrophila in Pengze Crucian Carp ( Carassius auratus var. Pengze). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091756. [PMID: 36139830 PMCID: PMC9495946 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the potential use of antimicrobial peptides as dietary supplements and antibiotic substitutes. In this study, we analyzed the differential effects of varying levels of antimicrobial peptides on the intestinal function and intestinal microbial and disease resistance of Pengze crucian carp. Approximately 630 experimental fishes were randomized in the control group (G0: 0 mg/kg) and in five groups supplemented with different doses of AMPs (G1: 100 mg/kg, G2: 200 mg/kg, G3: 400 mg/kg, G4: 800 mg/kg, and G5: 1600 mg/kg) and were fed for ten weeks. Three replicates per group of 35 fish were performed. The results showed that AMPs promoted intestinal villus development and increased intestinal muscular thickness (p < 0.05) and goblet cell abundance. The enzymatic activities of all groups supplemented with AMPs were effectively improved. AMP supplementation significantly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and digestive enzymes in the intestines of G3 animals (p < 0.05). Compared with G0 animals, AMP-supplemented animals regulated the expression of intestinal immune-related genes and exhibited significant differences in the G3 animal group (p < 0.05). The abundance of intestinal Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased in the AMP-supplemented groups, but the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was lower than that in the G0 group. AMP supplementation also decreased the abundance of Fusobacterium while increasing the proportion of Actinobacteria (p < 0.05). After Aeromonas hydrophila infection, the expression levels of anti-inflammatory factors in the intestinal tract of G3 animals were significantly upregulated, and the level of the proinflammatory factor was decreased (p < 0.05). The intestinal Cetobacterium levels of G3 animals were significantly increased (p < 0.01), while the Proteobacteria levels were decreased, and the intestinal goblet cell proliferation was significantly lower than that of G0 animals (p < 0.05). This indicates that groups supplemented with AMPs have better disease resistance than the G0 group and can rapidly reduce the adverse effects caused by inflammatory response. Taken together, the present results suggest that AMP supplementation can improve intestinal function and intestinal microbial and pathogen resistance in Pengze crucian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodan Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shulin Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liqun Lv
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qiao Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China
| | - Shaolin Xie
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guocheng Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (J.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-29119036 (G.H.); +86-20-87571321 (J.Z.)
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (J.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-29119036 (G.H.); +86-20-87571321 (J.Z.)
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Masimen MAA, Harun NA, Maulidiani M, Ismail WIW. Overcoming Methicillin-Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Using Antimicrobial Peptides-Silver Nanoparticles. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:951. [PMID: 35884205 PMCID: PMC9311968 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are regarded as a miracle in the medical field as it prevents disease caused by pathogenic bacteria. Since the discovery of penicillin, antibiotics have become the foundation for modern medical discoveries. However, bacteria soon became resistant to antibiotics, which puts a burden on the healthcare system. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become one of the most prominent antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the world since 1961. MRSA primarily developed resistance to beta-lactamases antibiotics and can be easily spread in the healthcare system. Thus, alternatives to combat MRSA are urgently required. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), an innate host immune agent and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), are gaining interest as alternative treatments against MRSA. Both agents have broad-spectrum properties which are suitable candidates for controlling MRSA. Although both agents can exhibit antimicrobial effects independently, the combination of both can be synergistic and complementary to each other to exhibit stronger antimicrobial activity. The combination of AMPs and AgNPs also reduces their own weaknesses as their own, which can be developed as a potential agent to combat antibiotic resistance especially towards MRSA. Thus, this review aims to discuss the potential of antimicrobial peptides and silver nanoparticles towards controlling MRSA pathogen growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asyraf Adhwa Masimen
- Cell Signalling and Biotechnology Research Group (CeSBTech), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Noor Aniza Harun
- Advanced NanoMaterials (ANOMA) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - M. Maulidiani
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Iryani Wan Ismail
- Cell Signalling and Biotechnology Research Group (CeSBTech), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
- Biological Security and Sustainability Research Group (BIOSES), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Wu S, Yang Y, Wang S, Dong C, Zhang X, Zhang R, Yang L. Dextran and peptide-based pH-sensitive hydrogel boosts healing process in multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected wounds. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118994. [PMID: 34973798 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are deadly threat to the public. To combat MDR bacteria, we developed a dual functional pH-sensitive hydrogel based on peptide DP7 (VQWRIRVAVIRK) and oxidized dextran (DP7-ODEX hydrogel). As an antimicrobial peptide, DP7 can synergize with many antibiotics; thus, we loaded ceftazidime into DP7-ODEX hydrogel, which showed an obvious advantage in MDR P. aeruginosa inhibition. Additionally, due to the interaction between aldehyde groups in oxidized dextran and amine groups from wound tissue, the hydrogel could extend on the irregular surface of skin defects and promote epithelial cells adhesion. DP7 could also be used as a wound-healing peptide and accelerate the healing process. We confirmed that the DP7-ODEX hydrogel exerted formidable therapeutic effects in normal or diabetic wound infection model. According to histomorphology analysis we found that DP7 hydrogel also have a scarless wound healing ability. In summary, we developed a hydrogel fabricated by the dual functional peptide DP7 that can kill multidrug-resistant bacteria colonizing the wound bed and boost scarless wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Shihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Chunyan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Gbian DL, Omri A. Current and novel therapeutic strategies for the management of cystic fibrosis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:535-552. [PMID: 33426936 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1874343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF), is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and affects thousands of people throughout the world. Lung disease is the leading cause of death in CF patients. Despite the advances in treatments, the management of CF mainly targets symptoms. Recent CFTR modulators however target common mutations in patients, alleviating symptoms of CF. Unfortunately, there is still no approved treatments for patients with rare mutations to date.Areas covered: This paper reviews current treatments of CF that mitigate symptoms and target genetic defects. The use of gene and drug delivery systems such as viral or non-viral vectors and nano-compounds to enhance CFTR expression and the activity of antimicrobials against chronic pulmonary infections respectively, will also be discussed.Expert opinion: Nano-compounds tackle biological barriers to drug delivery and revitalize antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory drugs and even genes delivery to CF patients. Gene therapy and gene editing are of particular interest because they have the potential to directly target genetic defects. Nanoparticles should be formulated to more specifically target epithelial cells, and biofilms. Finally, the development of more potent gene vectors to increase the duration of gene expression and reduce inflammation is a promising strategy to eventually cure CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douweh Leyla Gbian
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Tavares TD, Antunes JC, Padrão J, Ribeiro AI, Zille A, Amorim MTP, Ferreira F, Felgueiras HP. Activity of Specialized Biomolecules against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E314. [PMID: 32526972 PMCID: PMC7344598 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased resistance of bacteria against conventional pharmaceutical solutions, the antibiotics, has raised serious health concerns. This has stimulated interest in the development of bio-based therapeutics with limited resistance, namely, essential oils (EOs) or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This study envisaged the evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of selected biomolecules, namely LL37, pexiganan, tea tree oil (TTO), cinnamon leaf oil (CLO) and niaouli oil (NO), against four bacteria commonly associated to nosocomial infections: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibiotic vancomycin and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were used as control compounds for comparison purposes. The biomolecules were initially screened for their antibacterial efficacy using the agar-diffusion test, followed by the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), kill-time kinetics and the evaluation of the cell morphology upon 24 h exposure. All agents were effective against the selected bacteria. Interestingly, the AgNPs required a higher concentration (4000-1250 µg/mL) to induce the same effects as the AMPs (500-7.8 µg/mL) or EOs (365.2-19.7 µg/mL). Pexiganan and CLO were the most effective biomolecules, requiring lower concentrations to kill both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (62.5-7.8 µg/mL and 39.3-19.7 µg/mL, respectively), within a short period of time (averaging 2 h 15 min for all bacteria). Most biomolecules apparently disrupted the bacteria membrane stability due to the observed cell morphology deformation and by effecting on the intracellular space. AMPs were observed to induce morphological deformations and cellular content release, while EOs were seen to split and completely envelope bacteria. Data unraveled more of the potential of these new biomolecules as replacements for the conventional antibiotics and allowed us to take a step forward in the understanding of their mechanisms of action against infection-related bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Helena P. Felgueiras
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (T.D.T.); (J.C.A.); (J.P.); (A.I.R.); (A.Z.); (M.T.P.A.); (F.F.)
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Khan F, Pham DTN, Oloketuyi SF, Kim YM. Antibiotics Application Strategies to Control Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic Bacteria. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:270-286. [PMID: 31721708 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191112155905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of a biofilm by most pathogenic bacteria has been known as one of the resistance mechanisms against antibiotics. A biofilm is a structural component where the bacterial community adheres to the biotic or abiotic surfaces by the help of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by bacterial cells. The biofilm matrix possesses the ability to resist several adverse environmental factors, including the effect of antibiotics. Therefore, the resistance of bacterial biofilm-forming cells could be increased up to 1000 times than the planktonic cells, hence requiring a significantly high concentration of antibiotics for treatment. METHODS Up to the present, several methodologies employing antibiotics as an anti-biofilm, antivirulence or quorum quenching agent have been developed for biofilm inhibition and eradication of a pre-formed mature biofilm. RESULTS Among the anti-biofilm strategies being tested, the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics either alone or in combination has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation and down-regulate the production of virulence factors. The combinatorial strategies include (1) combination of multiple antibiotics, (2) combination of antibiotics with non-antibiotic agents and (3) loading of antibiotics onto a carrier. CONCLUSION The present review paper describes the role of several antibiotics as biofilm inhibitors and also the alternative strategies adopted for applications in eradicating and inhibiting the formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., India
| | - Dung T N Pham
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Sandra F Oloketuyi
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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In Vitro Efficiency of Antimicrobial Peptides against Staphylococcal Pathogens Associated with Canine Pyoderma. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030470. [PMID: 32168952 PMCID: PMC7143510 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) are predominant pathogens in canine pyoderma, especially S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus. The antimicrobial resistance of CoPS has a key role in the management of canine skin infections. The vast majority of those diseases have a chronic character with a tendency to recur, which is reflected by recurrent systemic antibiotic therapy, associated with an alarming increase in the proportion of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) seem to be a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of selected AMPs against pathogenic staphylococcal strains, including multidrug- and methicillin-resistant strains isolated from canine pyoderma cases. The tested AMPs were shown to be equally efficient antimicrobial agents against resistant- and susceptible pathogenic staphylococcal strains associated with canine pyoderma. AMPs were more efficient against S. pseudintermedius than against S. aureus strains. Our findings seem to be particularly interesting from a clinical perspective, as a starting point from which to perform in vivo experiments to estimate the usefulness of these peptides as topical drug molecules for the treatment of canine pyoderma. Abstract The emergence of staphylococcal canine pathogens resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents is a growing and urgent problem in veterinary practice. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) seem to be a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of selected AMPs against pathogenic staphylococcal strains, including multidrug- and methicillin-resistant strains isolated from canine pyoderma cases. Seven antimicrobial peptides (aurein 1.2, CAMEL, citropin 1.1, protegrin-1, pexiganan, temporin A and uperin 3.6) synthesized by the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase method were tested. The minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were determined by the broth microdilution method. The study showed that analyzed AMPs exerted an extensive effect against canine pathogens, with the most active peptide being uperin 3.6. The tested AMPs were equally efficient against both resistant- and susceptible staphylococcal strains and were more efficient against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius than against Staphylococcus aureus strains. Our findings are particularly interesting from a clinical perspective, as they point to AMPs as potential therapeutic topical agents in canine pyoderma cases associated with antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci.
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Boparai JK, Sharma PK. Mini Review on Antimicrobial Peptides, Sources, Mechanism and Recent Applications. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:4-16. [PMID: 31438824 PMCID: PMC6978648 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190822165812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides in recent years have gained increased interest among scientists, health professionals and the pharmaceutical companies owing to their therapeutic potential. These are low molecular weight proteins with broad range antimicrobial and immuno modulatory activities against infectious bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative), viruses and fungi. Inability of micro-organisms to develop resistance against most of the antimicrobial peptide has made them as an efficient product which can greatly impact the new era of antimicrobials. In addition to this these peptides also demonstrates increased efficacy, high specificity, decreased drug interaction, low toxicity, biological diversity and direct attacking properties. Pharmaceutical industries are therefore conducting appropriate clinical trials to develop these peptides as potential therapeutic drugs. More than 60 peptide drugs have already reached the market and several hundreds of novel therapeutic peptides are in preclinical and clinical development. Rational designing can be used further to modify the chemical and physical properties of existing peptides. This mini review will discuss the sources, mechanism and recent therapeutic applications of antimicrobial peptides in treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur Boparai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
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Brady D, Grapputo A, Romoli O, Sandrelli F. Insect Cecropins, Antimicrobial Peptides with Potential Therapeutic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5862. [PMID: 31766730 PMCID: PMC6929098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The alarming escalation of infectious diseases resistant to conventional antibiotics requires urgent global actions, including the development of new therapeutics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent potential alternatives in the treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections. Here, we focus on Cecropins (Cecs), a group of naturally occurring AMPs in insects, and on synthetic Cec-analogs. We describe their action mechanisms and antimicrobial activity against MDR bacteria and other pathogens. We report several data suggesting that Cec and Cec-analog peptides are promising antibacterial therapeutic candidates, including their low toxicity against mammalian cells, and anti-inflammatory activity. We highlight limitations linked to the use of peptides as therapeutics and discuss methods overcoming these constraints, particularly regarding the introduction of nanotechnologies. New formulations based on natural Cecs would allow the development of drugs active against Gram-negative bacteria, and those based on Cec-analogs would give rise to therapeutics effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Cecs and Cec-analogs might be also employed to coat biomaterials for medical devices as an approach to prevent biomaterial-associated infections. The cost of large-scale production is discussed in comparison with the economic and social burden resulting from the progressive diffusion of MDR infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brady
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (D.B.); (A.G.); (O.R.)
| | - Alessandro Grapputo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (D.B.); (A.G.); (O.R.)
| | - Ottavia Romoli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (D.B.); (A.G.); (O.R.)
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Federica Sandrelli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (D.B.); (A.G.); (O.R.)
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Lee JK, Mereuta L, Luchian T, Park Y. Antimicrobial peptide HPA3NT3-A2 effectively inhibits biofilm formation in mice infected with drug-resistant bacteria. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:5068-5083. [PMID: 31555777 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms formed through secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been implicated in many serious infections and can increase antibiotic resistance by a factor of more than 1000. Here, we examined the abilities of the antimicrobial peptide HPA3NT3-A2 to inhibit and reduce biofilm formation, eliminate EPS, and suppress inflammation in mice infected with clinical isolates of drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. HPA3NT3-A2 was developed from a desirable analogue peptide, HPA3NT3, derived from residues 2-20 of the Helicobacter pylori ribosomal protein L1. HPA3NT3-A2 showed stronger activity against planktonic cells (MIC: 8 μM) compared to ciprofloxacin or tobramycin (>512 μM), and a favorable minimum biofilm inhibition and elimination concentration. This peptide also neutralized LPS; decreased levels of EPS; inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung, kidney, and spleen; decreased white blood cell counts; and increased survival among infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Kook Lee
- Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
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Groo AC, Matougui N, Umerska A, Saulnier P. Reverse micelle-lipid nanocapsules: a novel strategy for drug delivery of the plectasin derivate AP138 antimicrobial peptide. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7565-7574. [PMID: 30532539 PMCID: PMC6241861 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s180040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Resistance to traditional antibiotics is an increasingly serious problem. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a new therapeutic class with great potential against infectious diseases, as they are less prone to induce resistance. Nanotechnology-based delivery strategies can improve the efficiency and stability of AMPs, particularly against proteolytic degradation. Lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) are a new generation of biomimetic nanocarriers and were used in this study to deliver peptides. Methods AMP-loaded reverse micelles (RM) were developed and incorpo rated into LNCs by the phase inversion process and the antimicrobial activity of the AMPs-loaded LNC was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration method. We studied the activity of AMP solutions and AMP-loaded LNCs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and then evaluated the encapsulation of a new cationic AMP called AP138. Finally, we analyzed the effect of enzymatic attack on AP138 and AP138-RM-LNCs after incubation with trypsin. Results AP138 was efficiently encapsulated in the LNCs (encapsulation efficiency = 97.8% at a drug loading of 0.151%), resulting in protection against degradation by proteases and the preservation of antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion This study shows that RM-LNCs are an excellent candidate system to deliver AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Groo
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN - EA 4258, FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, SF 4206 ICORE, Caen, France,
| | - Nada Matougui
- Micro & Nanomédecines Translationelles-MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM U1066, CNRS UMR 6021, UBL Universite Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Anita Umerska
- Micro & Nanomédecines Translationelles-MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM U1066, CNRS UMR 6021, UBL Universite Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Saulnier
- Micro & Nanomédecines Translationelles-MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM U1066, CNRS UMR 6021, UBL Universite Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
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Wang J, Dou X, Song J, Lyu Y, Zhu X, Xu L, Li W, Shan A. Antimicrobial peptides: Promising alternatives in the post feeding antibiotic era. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:831-859. [PMID: 30353555 DOI: 10.1002/med.21542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), critical components of the innate immune system, are widely distributed throughout the animal and plant kingdoms. They can protect against a broad array of infection-causing agents, such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, and tumor cells, and also exhibit immunomodulatory activity. AMPs exert antimicrobial activities primarily through mechanisms involving membrane disruption, so they have a lower likelihood of inducing drug resistance. Extensive studies on the structure-activity relationship have revealed that net charge, hydrophobicity, and amphipathicity are the most important physicochemical and structural determinants endowing AMPs with antimicrobial potency and cell selectivity. This review summarizes the recent advances in AMPs development with respect to characteristics, structure-activity relationships, functions, antimicrobial mechanisms, expression regulation, and applications in food, medicine, and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiujing Dou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Song
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinfeng Lyu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Weizhong Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Acosta-Smith E, Viveros-Jiménez K, Canizalez-Román A, Reyes-Lopez M, Bolscher JGM, Nazmi K, Flores-Villaseñor H, Alapizco-Castro G, de la Garza M, Martínez-Garcia JJ, Velazquez-Roman J, Leon-Sicairos N. Bovine Lactoferrin and Lactoferrin-Derived Peptides Inhibit the Growth of Vibrio cholerae and Other Vibrio species. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2633. [PMID: 29375503 PMCID: PMC5768654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, some of which can cause serious infectious diseases. Vibrio infections are associated with the consumption of contaminated food and classified in Vibrio cholera infections and non-cholera Vibrio infections. In the present study, we investigate whether bovine lactoferrin (bLF) and several synthetic peptides corresponding to bLF sequences, are able to inhibit the growth or have bactericidal effect against V. cholerae and other Vibrio species. The antibacterial activity of LF and LF-peptides was assessed by kinetics of growth or determination of colony forming unit in bacteria treated with the peptides and antibiotics. To get insight in the mode of action, the interaction between bLF and bLF-peptides (coupled to FITC) and V. cholera was evaluated. The damage of effector-induced bacterial membrane permeability was measured by inclusion of the fluorescent dye propidium iodide using flow cytometry, whereas the bacterial ultrastructural damage in bacteria treated was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that bLF and LFchimera inhibited the growth of the V. cholerae strains; LFchimera permeabilized the bacteria which membranes were seriously damaged. Assays with a multidrug-resistant strain of Vibrio species indicated that combination of sub-lethal doses of LFchimera with ampicillin or tetracycline strongly reduced the concentration of the antibiotics to reach 95% growth inhibition. Furthermore, LFchimera were effective to inhibit the V. cholerae counts and damage due to this bacterium in a model mice. These data suggest that LFchimera and bLF are potential candidates to combat the V. cholerae and other multidrug resistant Vibrio species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Acosta-Smith
- Programa Regional Para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Karina Viveros-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada para la Salud Pública (CIASaP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Adrian Canizalez-Román
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada para la Salud Pública (CIASaP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.,Hospital de la Mujer, Servicios de Salud de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Magda Reyes-Lopez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jan G M Bolscher
- Department of Oral Biochemistry ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hector Flores-Villaseñor
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada para la Salud Pública (CIASaP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.,Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Alapizco-Castro
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada para la Salud Pública (CIASaP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Mireya de la Garza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jesús J Martínez-Garcia
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada para la Salud Pública (CIASaP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.,Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Velazquez-Roman
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada para la Salud Pública (CIASaP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Nidia Leon-Sicairos
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada para la Salud Pública (CIASaP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.,Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
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