1
|
Mohapatra DD, Pattnaik S, Panda S. In Vitro Detected hly II Cytotoxin in a Strain of Staphylococcus aureus (BM S-2) and Plant-Derived Aromatic Components: a Molecular Docking Study. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1639-1653. [PMID: 33559758 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In time, diagnosis and detection of virulence factor and its pathogenomics study continues to grow and this leads to novel treatments for infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to detect and characterise virulence genes in a haemolytic strain of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and molecular interaction studies with herbal essential oil components in silico. A hospital biosample-isolated strain of Staphylococcus aureus (BMS-2) was resistant towards Cephalosporin. The PCR-amplified FASTA nucleotide sequence was identical with S. aureus strains absolutely. The calculated GC value was 34.05%. The translated protein sequence was identified with a conserved domain of hlyII β-channel forming cytolysin belonging to leukocidin superfamily and was predicted as a stable, non-transmembrane protein comprising B cell epitopes. Structurally, the protein was found to be composed of α helix, π-helix, extended strands, β-sheet, turn and bends with atomic composition as C658H1026N174O200S2. The molecular docking studies made between the HlyII cytolysin (receptor) and wet lab studied essential oil components (citral a, citronellol, eucalyptol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, menthol, piperine and thymol) as ligands using Autodock 1.5.6 tool had inferred about prevalence of hydrogen bonds as well as covalent bonds in the intermolecular interactions. Amino acids like Tyr68, Tyr 69, Asn106, Asp67 and Asn106 were observed to be the most active residues for H-bond and hydrophobic bonds respectively. Only geraniol had interaction with glycine residue of the toxin molecule. In conclusion, geraniol with the highest ligand efficiency was observed to be the most potent phyto-constituent interacting with the in vitro detected hlyII cytotoxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Smaranika Pattnaik
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, India.
| | - Sruti Panda
- MITS School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prista-Leão B, Abreu I, Duro R, Silva-Pinto A, Ceia F, Andrade P, Sobrinho-Simões J, Tavares M, Pereira JM, Santos L, Sarmento A. Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Producing Staphylococcus aureus Infection: A Case Series. Infect Dis Rep 2020; 12:61-69. [PMID: 33153134 PMCID: PMC7768458 DOI: 10.3390/idr12030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus (PVL-SA) is associated with relapsing multifocal skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), necrotizing pneumonia (NP) and severe musculoskeletal infections. Epidemiology is underknown and underdiagnosis is likely. Recent travel abroad, case clustering and relapsing disease are often reported. We reviewed all cases of PVL-SA infection diagnosed at our center, and found 21 cases over a 43-month period. Most patients were adult males, had relevant travel history, reported recurrent disease and presented with SSTI. Etiologic diagnosis took up to five years; meanwhile, 42% of patients had antibiotic treatments. Draining procedures were required in 43% of patients and intensive care support in 19%. All patients recovered. Methicillin-resistance prevalence was 24%. Only 2/13 decolonized patients had posterior relapsing SSTI, both with likely infected contacts. PVL-SA infection’s severity and impact are clear, even in small case series as ours. Physician awareness and active PVL-gene search are crucial for an adequate management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Prista-Leão
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.A.); (R.D.); (A.S.-P.); (F.C.); (P.A.); (L.S.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-512-100
| | - Isabel Abreu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.A.); (R.D.); (A.S.-P.); (F.C.); (P.A.); (L.S.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Duro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.A.); (R.D.); (A.S.-P.); (F.C.); (P.A.); (L.S.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Prevention and Control of Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Silva-Pinto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.A.); (R.D.); (A.S.-P.); (F.C.); (P.A.); (L.S.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ceia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.A.); (R.D.); (A.S.-P.); (F.C.); (P.A.); (L.S.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Andrade
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.A.); (R.D.); (A.S.-P.); (F.C.); (P.A.); (L.S.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Prevention and Control of Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Sobrinho-Simões
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Margarida Tavares
- Department of Pediatrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - José Manuel Pereira
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Lurdes Santos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.A.); (R.D.); (A.S.-P.); (F.C.); (P.A.); (L.S.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Sarmento
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.A.); (R.D.); (A.S.-P.); (F.C.); (P.A.); (L.S.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Álvarez-Martínez FJ, Barrajón-Catalán E, Encinar JA, Rodríguez-Díaz JC, Micol V. Antimicrobial Capacity of Plant Polyphenols against Gram-positive Bacteria: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2576-2606. [PMID: 30295182 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181008115650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) disseminate rapidly amongst patients in healthcare facilities and suppose an increasingly important cause of community-associated infections and associated mortality. The development of effective therapeutic options against resistant bacteria is a public health priority. Plant polyphenols are structurally diverse compounds that have been used for centuries for medicinal purposes, including infections treatment and possess, not only antimicrobial activity, but also antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities among others. Based on the existing evidence on the polyphenols' antibacterial capacity, polyphenols may be postulated as an alternative or complementary therapy for infectious diseases. OBJECTIVE To review the antimicrobial activity of plant polyphenols against Gram-positive bacteria, especially against S. aureus and its resistant strains. Determine the main bacterial molecular targets of polyphenols and their potential mechanism of action. METHODOLOGY The most relevant reports on plant polyphenols' antibacterial activity and their putative molecular targets were studied. We also performed virtual screening of thousand different polyphenols against proteins involved in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis to find potential valuable bioactive compounds. The bibliographic information used in this review was obtained from MEDLINE via PubMed. RESULTS Several polyphenols: phenolic acids, flavonoids (especially flavonols), tannins, lignans, stilbenes and combinations of these in botanical mixtures, have exhibited significant antibacterial activity against resistant and non-resistant Gram-positive bacteria at low μg/mL range MIC values. Their mechanism of action is quite diverse, targeting cell wall, lipid membrane, membrane receptors and ion channels, bacteria metabolites and biofilm formation. Synergic effects were also demonstrated for some combinations of polyphenols and antibiotics. CONCLUSION Plant polyphenols mean a promising source of antibacterial agents, either alone or in combination with existing antibiotics, for the development of new antibiotic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Álvarez-Martínez
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernandez; 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernandez; 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - José Antonio Encinar
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernandez; 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Díaz
- Microbiology Section, University General Hospital of Alicante, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), Alicante 03010, Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernandez; 03202 Elche, Spain.,CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rimoldi SG, Pileri P, Mazzocco MI, Romeri F, Bestetti G, Calvagna N, Tonielli C, Fiori L, Gigantiello A, Pagani C, Magistrelli P, Sartani A, De Silvestri A, Gismondo MR, Cetin I. The Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Mastitis : A Multidisciplinary Working Group Experience. J Hum Lact 2020; 36:503-509. [PMID: 31593644 DOI: 10.1177/0890334419876272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding women are at risk of developing mastitis during the lactation period. Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as the community-acquired pathogen responsible for virulence (methicillin resistance and Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin producing). RESEARCH AIM The aim was to compare the microorganisms responsible for mastitis and breast abscesses during breastfeeding. METHODS This observational study was conducted with a sample of women (N = 60) admitted to our hospital between 2016 and 2018. Participants affected by mastitis and breast abscess were studied and cared for by a multidisciplinary working group. A diagnostic breast ultrasound identified the pathology. RESULTS Twenty-six participants (43.3%) were affected by mastitis and 34 (56.7%) by breast abscess. The most common microorganism identified was Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus; mastitis, n = 13; abscesses, n = 24). Methicillin resistance was identified in 21 (44.7%) S. aureus strains: 17 (80.9%) cases of abscess and four (19.1%) cases of mastitis. The median number of months of breastfeeding was smaller in the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) cases (median = 3, range = 1-20 months) than in the methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) cases (median = 6.5, range = 3-21 months). The Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin gene was detected in 12 (25.5%) cases (MRSA, n = 8, 66.7%; MSSA, n = 4, 33.3%). Hospitalization was required more frequently in MRSA (n = 8, 38%; five Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive) than in MSSA cases (n = 5, 19%; one Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive). Four women out of the eight MRSA cases (50%) that were Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive stopped breastfeeding during mammary pathologies, three (37.5%) participants continued breastfeeding until the follow-up recall, and one case was lost at follow-up. CONCLUSION Clinical severity was probably complicated by the presence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin, which required hospitalization more frequently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Pileri
- 472674 ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Romeri
- 472674 ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudia Tonielli
- 472674 ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Fiori
- 472674 ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Gigantiello
- 472674 ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Pagani
- 472674 ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Irene Cetin
- 472674 ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akhtar Danesh L, Saiedi Nejad Z, Sarmadian H, Fooladvand S, van Belkum A, Ghaznavi-Rad E. Elimination of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in intensive care patients lowers infection rates. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 39:333-338. [PMID: 31720943 PMCID: PMC7224068 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study surveys the clinical relevance of the nasal Staphylococcus aureus colonization status on intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired S. aureus infections and compares molecular characteristics of isolates from the nose and infectious sites. The 390 patients included comprised 278 non-carriers and 112 carriers. Among the carriers, 56 were decolonized with mupirocin. Decolonization was verified through a second (negative) culture. Spa typing and virulence gene profiling were performed for all isolates. Twenty six S. aureus infections were detected in the carriage group and 20 in the non-carriage group. Eighteen of these 26 (69.2%) infections were among carriers, and 8 of these 26 (30.8%) infections occurred among decolonized carriers (p = 0.02). Overall, 31/112 (27.7%) of the colonized patients and 25/46 (60.1%) of infection were due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The highest frequency virulence genes were sea and hlg (both 100%) in nasal isolates and sea, hlg, fnb, and clf (100%) for infectious isolates. t030 was the most abundant spa type overall. S. aureus carriers were more likely to develop S. aureus infection compared with decolonized and non-carrying patients. The sources of ICU S. aureus infection appear to be exogenous mostly, and a predominant clone (spa type 030) plays an important role. We confirm that nasal mupirocin treatment prevents ICU infections even when there is an increased prevalence of nosocomial MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Akhtar Danesh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zeinab Saiedi Nejad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hossein Sarmadian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Saeed Fooladvand
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. .,Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. .,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He C, Xu S, Zhao H, Hu F, Xu X, Jin S, Yang H, Gong F, Liu Q. Leukotoxin and pyrogenic toxin Superantigen gene backgrounds in bloodstream and wound Staphylococcus aureus isolates from eastern region of China. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:395. [PMID: 30103694 PMCID: PMC6090790 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bicomponent leukotoxins and the pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs) are important virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus. It is necessary to survey the prevalence and expression of these toxin-encoding genes for understanding the possible pathogenic capacity of S. aureus to cause disease. Methods Five leukotoxin genes and thirteen PTSAg determinants were detected for 177 S. aureus isolates from blood (n = 88) and wound (n = 89) infections by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The expression of leukotoxin ED (lukED) was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The genetic backgrounds of isolates were analyzed by Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing (for methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates), Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), accessory gene regulator (agr) typing and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST, for representative isolates based on PFGE type) methods. Results 99.4% (176/177) isolates contained at least one of leukotoxin genes. Among them, 94.9% (168/177), 81.4% (144/177) and 67.8% (120/177) isolates harbored hlgBC, lukED and lukAB, respectively. Compared to leukotoxin genes, there was a relatively lower overall prevalence of PTSAg genes [99.4% versus 72.9% (129/177), P < 0.001], and they were organized in 59 patterns, with the most common combination of the egc cluster with or without other PTSAg genes. Genetic analysis showed the distributions of certain toxin genes were associated with the genetic backgrounds of isolates. The egc cluster was a common feature of CC5 isolates, among which ST5 and ST764 isolates harbored more PTSAg genes. The lukED was not present in ST398 isolates, and its expression was quite different among isolates. No significant correlations were observed between the lukED expression levels of strains and the ST or agr types. Conclusions The present study elucidated the distribution of leukotoxin and PTSAg genes and the expression of lukED in blood and wound isolates, and analyzed the relationship between them with genetic characteristics of isolates. These data improve the current understanding of the possible pathogenicity of S. aureus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3297-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Su Xu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Huanqiang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Fupin Hu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shu Jin
- Experimental Research Center, Shanghai People's Hospital of Putuo District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Fang Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, 226000, China
| | - Qingzhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang B, Wang Y, Feng Z, Xu L, Tan L, Zhao S, Gong Y, Zhang C, Luo X, Li S, Rao X, Peng Y, Xie Z, Hu X. Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) as a Potential Indicator for Prevalence, Duration, and Severity of Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2355. [PMID: 29234317 PMCID: PMC5712352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of the difficult-to-treat osteomyelitis (OM). To better diagnose and manage S. aureus OM, especially for severe and long duration cases, indicators for risk prediction and severity evaluation are needed. Here, 139 clinical S. aureus isolates from orthopedic infections were divided into OM group (60 isolates from 60 OM patients) and non-OM group (79 isolates from 79 non-OM patients). Molecular types, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence factor profiles were evaluated and compared between the two groups to identify potential indicators associated with the prevalence of S. aureus OM. Clinical manifestations and laboratory data were analyzed to identify indicators affecting OM duration and severity. We found that some sequence types were specific to OM infection. The pvl, bbp, and ebps genes were associated with S. aureus OM prevalence. The pvl, bbp, and sei genes were associated with relatively longer OM duration. Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)-positive S. aureus OM presented more serious inflammatory responses. Our results emphasize the significance of PVL in affecting the prevalence, duration, and severity of S. aureus OM. Diagnosing and monitoring PVL-related S. aureus OM may help direct better prognosis and treatment of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihan Feng
- Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yizhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|