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Fu L, Lao IW, Huang L, Ou L, Yuan L, Li Z, Li S, Hu W, Xi S. Spinal Cord Astroblastoma With EWSR1-BEND2 Fusion in Female Patients: A Report of Four Cases From China and a Comprehensive Literature Review. Am J Surg Pathol 2024:00000478-990000000-00402. [PMID: 39104157 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Astroblastoma is an extremely rare central nervous system tumor characterized by astroblastic pseudorosettes and vascular hyalinization. Despite these histologic hallmarks, its morphology can vary, occasionally resembling other central nervous system tumors such as ependymoma. A novel tumor entity, astroblastoma, meningioma 1 (MN1)-altered, has been identified, featuring MN1 gene rearrangements typically involving BEN-domain containing 2 (BEND2) as a fusion partner. Most astroblastomas arise in the cerebral hemisphere. Here, we report 4 cases of spinal cord astroblastoma in female patients, all showing Ewing sarcoma RNA-binding protein 1 fusion with BEND2, rather than MN1. These tumors displayed growth patterns akin to traditional intracranial astroblastomas, with three cases demonstrating high-grade histology, including elevated mitotic activity and necrosis. Interestingly, some cases exhibited positive staining for pan-cytokeratin and hormone receptors. DNA methylation profiling clustered three of the four cases with the reference "AB_EWSR," whereas one case exhibited an independent methylation signature near the reference methylation group "AB_EWSR" and "pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma." Together with the existing literature, we summarized a total of eleven cases, which predominantly affected children and young adults with female predilection. Eight of 10 patients experienced recurrence, underscoring the aggressive nature of this disease. We suggest recognizing a new molecular subgroup of spinal astroblastoma and recommend testing newly diagnosed infratentorial astroblastomas for Ewing sarcoma RNA-binding protein 1-BEND2 fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou
| | - I Weng Lao
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Liyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou
| | - Liqiong Ou
- Department of Pathology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou
| | - Ziteng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou
| | - Wanming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou
| | - Shaoyan Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou
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Yao Y, Lv H, Zhang M, Li Y, Herman JG, Brock MV, Gao A, Wang Q, Fuks F, Zhang L, Guo M. Epigenetic silencing of BEND4, a novel DNA damage repair gene, is a synthetic lethal marker for ATM inhibitor in pancreatic cancer. Front Med 2024:10.1007/s11684-023-1053-3. [PMID: 38926248 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic lethality is a novel model for cancer therapy. To understand the function and mechanism of BEN domain-containing protein 4 (BEND4) in pancreatic cancer, eight cell lines and a total of 492 cases of pancreatic neoplasia samples were included in this study. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, CRISPR/Cas9, immunoprecipitation assay, comet assay, and xenograft mouse model were used. BEND4 is a new member of the BEN domain family. The expression of BEND4 is regulated by promoter region methylation. It is methylated in 58.1% (176/303) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), 33.3% (14/42) of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, 31.0% (13/42) of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, 14.3% (3/21) of mucinous cystic neoplasm, 4.3% (2/47) of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, and 2.7% (1/37) of serous cystic neoplasm. BEND4 methylation is significantly associated with late-onset PDAC (> 50 years, P < 0.01) and tumor differentiation (P < 0.0001), and methylation of BEND4 is an independent poor prognostic marker (P < 0.01) in PDAC. Furthermore, BEND4 plays tumor-suppressive roles in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, BEND4 involves non-homologous end joining signaling by interacting with Ku80 and promotes DNA damage repair. Loss of BEND4 increased the sensitivity of PDAC cells to ATM inhibitor. Collectively, the present study revealed an uncharacterized tumor suppressor BEND4 and indicated that methylation of BEND4 may serve as a potential synthetic lethal marker for ATM inhibitor in PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Honghui Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - James G Herman
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Department of surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Aiai Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Francois Fuks
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Chen W, Guo L, Xu H, Dai Y, Yao J, Wang L. NAC1 transcriptional activation of LDHA induces hepatitis B virus immune evasion leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma development. Oncogenesis 2024; 13:15. [PMID: 38704368 PMCID: PMC11069585 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-024-00515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying NAC1 (nucleus accumbens associated 1) transcriptional regulation of LDHA and its role in HBV immune evasion, thus contributing to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Utilizing public datasets, we performed differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on HBV-induced cirrhosis/HCC data. We identified candidate genes by intersecting differentially expressed genes with co-expression modules. We validated these genes using the TCGA database, conducting survival analysis to pinpoint key genes affecting HBV-HCC prognosis. We also employed the TIMER database for immune cell infiltration data and analyzed correlations with identified key genes to uncover potential immune escape pathways. In vitro, we investigated the impact of NAC1 and LDHA on immune cell apoptosis and HBV immune evasion. In vivo, we confirmed these findings using an HBV-induced cirrhosis model. Bioinformatics analysis revealed 676 genes influenced by HBV infection, with 475 genes showing differential expression in HBV-HCC. NAC1 emerged as a key gene, potentially mediating HBV immune escape through LDHA transcriptional regulation. Experimental data demonstrated that NAC1 transcriptionally activates LDHA, promoting immune cell apoptosis and HBV immune evasion. Animal studies confirmed these findings, linking NAC1-mediated LDHA activation to cirrhosis and HCC development. NAC1, highly expressed in HBV-infected liver cells, likely drives HBV immune escape by activating LDHA expression, inhibiting CD8 + T cells, and promoting cirrhosis and HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Liliangzi Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Huixuan Xu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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Salguero-Aranda C, Di Blasi E, Galán L, Zaldumbide L, Civantos G, Marcilla D, de Álava E, Díaz-Martín J. Identification of Novel/Rare EWSR1 Fusion Partners in Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1735. [PMID: 38339014 PMCID: PMC10855420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent gene fusions (GFs) in translocated sarcomas are recognized as major oncogenic drivers of the disease, as well as diagnostic markers whose identification is necessary for differential diagnosis. EWSR1 is a 'promiscuous' gene that can fuse with many different partner genes, defining different entities among a broad range of mesenchymal neoplasms. Molecular testing of EWSR1 translocation traditionally relies on FISH assays with break-apart probes, which are unable to identify the fusion partner. Therefore, other ancillary molecular diagnostic modalities are being increasingly adopted for accurate classification of these neoplasms. Herein, we report three cases with rare GFs involving EWSR1 in undifferentiated mesenchymal neoplasms with uncertain differential diagnoses, using targeted RNA-seq and confirming with RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Two GFs involved hormone nuclear receptors as 3' partners, NR4A2 and RORB, which have not been previously reported. NR4A2 may functionally replace NR4A3, the usual 3' partner in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. The third GF, EWSR1::BEND2, has previously been reported in a subtype of astroblastoma and other rare entities, including a single case of a soft-tissue tumor that we discuss in this work. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the catalogue of mesenchymal neoplasm-bearing EWSR1 fusions continues to grow, underscoring the value of using molecular ancillary techniques with higher diagnostic abilities in the routine clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Salguero-Aranda
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (C.S.-A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB16/12/00361; CIBERONC-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Di Blasi
- Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lourdes Galán
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (C.S.-A.)
| | - Laura Zaldumbide
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Cruces, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Gema Civantos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (C.S.-A.)
| | - David Marcilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (C.S.-A.)
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (C.S.-A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB16/12/00361; CIBERONC-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Díaz-Martín
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (C.S.-A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB16/12/00361; CIBERONC-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain
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Naiyer S, Dwivedi L, Singh N, Phulera S, Mohan V, Kamran M. Role of Transcription Factor BEND3 and Its Potential Effect on Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3685. [PMID: 37509346 PMCID: PMC10377563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BEND3 is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression in mammals. While there is limited research on the role of BEND3 as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene and its potential role in cancer therapy is still emerging, several studies suggest that it may be involved in both the processes. Its interaction and regulation with multiple other factors via p21 have already been reported to play a significant role in cancer development, which serves as an indication of its potential role in oncogenesis. Its interaction with chromatin modifiers such as NuRD and NoRC and its role in the recruitment of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) are some of the additional events indicative of its potential role in cancer development. Moreover, a few recent studies indicate BEND3 as a potential target for cancer therapy. Since the specific mechanisms by which BEND3 may contribute to cancer progression are not yet fully elucidated, in this review, we have discussed the possible pathways BEND3 may take to serve as an oncogenic driver or suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Naiyer
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lalita Dwivedi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Nishant Singh
- Cell and Gene Therapy Division Absorption System, Exton, PA 19341, USA
| | - Swastik Phulera
- Initium Therapeutics, 22 Strathmore Rd., STE 453, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Vijay Mohan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, UP, India
| | - Mohammad Kamran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Palsgrove DN, Manucha V, Park JY, Bishop JA. A Low-grade Sinonasal Sarcoma Harboring EWSR1::BEND2: Expanding the Differential Diagnosis of Sinonasal Spindle Cell Neoplasms. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:571-575. [PMID: 36646985 PMCID: PMC10293148 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular diagnostics has greatly refined sinonasal tumor pathology over the past decade. While much of the attention has focused on carcinomas, it is becoming clear that there are emerging mesenchymal neoplasms which have previously defied classification. METHODS Here, we present a 33-year-old woman with a multiply recurrent sinonasal spindle cell tumor exhibiting distinctive features, and not easily classifiable into a specific category. RESULTS The hypercellular tumor was composed of plump spindled cells, with uniform vesicular chromatin arranged as vague fascicles around a prominent hemangiopericytoma-like vasculature. The mitotic rate was brisk at 10 per 10 high power fields. By immunohistochemistry, it was only positive for EMA (focal) and SATB2 (diffuse, weak). Fusion analysis uncovered EWSR1::BEND2, a fusion which is best known for being seen in astroblastoma, but which has not yet been reported in sarcomas. CONCLUSION This case underscores the utility of fusion analysis when confronted with a sinonasal spindle cell neoplasm which does not neatly fit into any specific category. It remains to be seen if EWSR1::BEND2 sinonasal sarcoma represents a distinct entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen N Palsgrove
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Varsha Manucha
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jason Y Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6201 Harry Hines Blvd Room UH04.250, 75390, Dallas, TX, USA.
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