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Clark SV, Satterthwaite TD, King TZ, Morris RD, Zendehrouh E, Turner JA. Cerebellum-cingulo-opercular network connectivity strengthens in adolescence and supports attention efficiency only in childhood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 56:101129. [PMID: 35820341 PMCID: PMC9284395 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V Clark
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Psychology Service, United States.
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, United States
| | - Tricia Z King
- Georgia State University, Department of Psychology, United States; Georgia State University, Neuroscience Institute, United States
| | - Robin D Morris
- Georgia State University, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Elaheh Zendehrouh
- Georgia State University, Department of Computer Science, United States
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, United States
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Neuroanatomic Correlates for the Neuropsychological Manifestations of Chiari Malformation Type I. World Neurosurg 2020; 136:462-469. [PMID: 32204298 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chiari malformation comprises a spectrum of congenital malformations characterized by a herniation of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum. Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) is the most prevalent subtype seen in clinical practice. This condition variably compresses the cerebellum and medulla-spinal cord junction secondary to malformation of the posterior fossa. Most neurologists and neurosurgeons recognize the sensorimotor and lower brainstem manifestations that result in the clinical picture of CM-I. The effects of CM-I on cognitive functioning, however, and their impact on neuropsychological performance are poorly understood, despite having long been recognized. This article reviews neuropsychological deficits demonstrated by individuals with CM-I, and explores cerebellocortical neuroanatomic pathways to provide possible rationale for the neurocognitive impairments present in affected individuals.
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Cognitive Functioning in Chiari Malformation Type I Without Posterior Fossa Surgery. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 17:564-574. [PMID: 29766459 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-018-0940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chiari Malformation type I (CM-I) is a neurological disorder characterized by a displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum into the spinal canal. Most research has focused on physical symptomatology but few studies include neuropsychological examinations. Moreover, although current research highlights the involvement of the cerebellum on higher cognitive functions, little is known about cognitive consequences associated with CM-I. The aim of this study is to analyze cognitive functioning between 39 CM-I patients and 39 healthy controls, matched by gender, age and years of education. Participants have been examined on a large battery of neuropsychological tests, including executive functioning, verbal fluency, spatial cognition, language, verbal memory, processing speed, facial recognition and theory of mind. Results show a poorer performance of the clinical group compared to the control group, even after controlling the effect of physical pain and anxious-depressive symptomatology. The findings suggest the presence of a generalized cognitive deficit associated with CM-I, which makes it necessary to focus attention not only on physical consequences, but also on cognitive ones.
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Lázaro E, García M, Ibarrola A, Amayra I, López-Paz JF, Martínez O, Pérez M, Berrocoso S, Al-Rashaida M, Rodríguez AA, Fernández P, Luna PM. Chiari Type I Malformation Associated With Verbal Fluency Impairment. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2018; 61:2458-2466. [PMID: 30304345 DOI: 10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chiari malformation (CM) Type I is a rare disorder that implies an anomaly in the craniocervical junction, where one or both cerebellar tonsils are displaced below the foramen magnum into the cervical spinal channel. Research carried out regarding cognitive symptoms such as verbal fluency is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate whether verbal fluency is impaired in a CM clinical group compared to a group of healthy control individuals while controlling for depression and anxiety symptomatology. METHOD For this purpose, 101 individuals were enrolled to take part in the study (51 CM, 50 healthy controls). The Controlled Oral Word Association Test (Benton, de Hamsher, & Sivan, 1983) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond & Snaith, 1983) were administered. RESULTS Results showed significantly lower scores for the CM group in verbal fluency compared to the control group (p < .005). After performing an analysis of covariance to eliminate depression and anxiety symptomatology tendencies, it was observed that verbal fluency could not be predicted by this variable (p > .005). CONCLUSIONS From the results of this study, it can be concluded that people suffering from CM exhibit less verbal fluency than healthy control individuals and that this difference is not caused by depression or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lázaro
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maitane García
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ane Ibarrola
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Imanol Amayra
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco López-Paz
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Oscar Martínez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Manuel Pérez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sarah Berrocoso
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mohammad Al-Rashaida
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alicia Aurora Rodríguez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paula Fernández
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paula María Luna
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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Lamar T, Vanoye CG, Calhoun J, Wong JC, Dutton SBB, Jorge BS, Velinov M, Escayg A, Kearney JA. SCN3A deficiency associated with increased seizure susceptibility. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 102:38-48. [PMID: 28235671 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels expressed highly in the brain (SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN3A, and SCN8A) are responsible for an increasing number of epilepsy syndromes. In particular, mutations in the SCN3A gene, encoding the pore-forming Nav1.3 α subunit, have been identified in patients with focal epilepsy. Biophysical characterization of epilepsy-associated SCN3A variants suggests that both gain- and loss-of-function SCN3A mutations may lead to increased seizure susceptibility. In this report, we identified a novel SCN3A variant (L247P) by whole exome sequencing of a child with focal epilepsy, developmental delay, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Voltage clamp analysis showed no detectable sodium current in a heterologous expression system expressing the SCN3A-L247P variant. Furthermore, cell surface biotinylation demonstrated a reduction in the amount of SCN3A-L247P at the cell surface, suggesting the SCN3A-L247P variant is a trafficking-deficient mutant. To further explore the possible clinical consequences of reduced SCN3A activity, we investigated the effect of a hypomorphic Scn3a allele (Scn3aHyp) on seizure susceptibility and behavior using a gene trap mouse line. Heterozygous Scn3a mutant mice (Scn3a+/Hyp) did not exhibit spontaneous seizures nor were they susceptible to hyperthermia-induced seizures. However, they displayed increased susceptibility to electroconvulsive (6Hz) and chemiconvulsive (flurothyl and kainic acid) induced seizures. Scn3a+/Hyp mice also exhibited deficits in locomotor activity and motor learning. Taken together, these results provide evidence that loss-of-function of SCN3A caused by reduced protein expression or deficient trafficking to the plasma membrane may contribute to increased seizure susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyra Lamar
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos G Vanoye
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jeffrey Calhoun
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer C Wong
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin S Jorge
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Milen Velinov
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Escayg
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Kearney
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Houwen S, van der Veer G, Visser J, Cantell M. The relationship between motor performance and parent-rated executive functioning in 3- to 5-year-old children: What is the role of confounding variables? Hum Mov Sci 2017; 53:24-36. [PMID: 28153568 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It is generally agreed that motor performance and executive functioning (EF) are intertwined. As the literature on this issue concerning preschool children is scarce, we examined the relationship between motor performance and parent-rated EF in a sample of 3- to 5-year-old children with different levels of motor skill proficiency, while controlling for age, gender, socio-economic status (SES), and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology. EF was reported by parents of 153 children (mean age 4years 1months, SD 8months; 75 male) by means of the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool version (BRIEF-P). Parent-reported ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Hyperactivity-Inattention subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire3-4. In addition, the children performed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2). Several weak to moderate relationships were found between the MABC-2 Total Score and the EF subscales. Once other variables such as age, gender, SES, and ADHD symptomatology were taken into account, the only BRIEF-P subscale that was associated with the MABC-2 Total Score was the Working Memory subscale. Compared to their typically developing peers, children who are at risk for motor coordination difficulties (⩽the 16th percentile on the MABC-2) performed poorly on the Working Memory subscale, which confirms the results of the regression analyses. The at risk group also performed significantly worse on the Planning/Organize subscale, however. This is one of the first studies investigating the relationship between motor performance and parent-rated EF in such a young age group. It shows that the relationship between motor performance and EF in young children is complex and may be influenced by the presence of confounding variables such as ADHD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Houwen
- University of Groningen, Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerda van der Veer
- University of Groningen, Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Visser
- University of Groningen, Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marja Cantell
- University of Groningen, Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Gaines KD, Soper HV. Neuropsychological assessment of executive functions following pediatric traumatic brain injury. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2016; 7:31-43. [DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2016.1229406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Drorit Gaines
- Veterans Affairs of Greater Los Angeles Nuclear Medicine; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Henry V. Soper
- Clinical Psychology, Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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Koziol LF, Barker LA, Hrin S, Joyce AW. Large-scale brain systems and subcortical relationships: practical applications. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2014; 3:264-73. [PMID: 25268688 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2014.946809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This article describes an interactive paradigm for understanding brain functioning. This model requires both explicit and implicit learning processes. This paradigm is illustrated through the interpretation of practical examples of behavior. Applications of current neuropsychological tests are presented within this interactive paradigm. The development of new neuropsychological tests is presented, as derived from experimental test paradigms that evaluate implicit learning processes.
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