Serial neuropsychological assessment of an adolescent girl after suffering a sudden out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest following recreational inhalant use

Cognitive and Psychological Outcomes Following Pediatric Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest is a rare event in children and adolescents. Those who survive may experience a range of outcomes, from good functional recovery to severe and permanent disability. Many children experience long-term cognitive impairment, including deficits in attention, language, memory, and executive functioning. Deficits in adaptive behavior, such as motor functioning, communication, and daily living skills, have also been reported. These children have a wide range of neurological outcomes, with some experiencing specific deficits such as aphasia, apraxia, and sensorimotor deficits. Some children may experience emotional and psychological difficulties, although many do not, and more research is needed in this area. The burden of pediatric cardiac arrest on the child's family and caregivers can be substantial. This narrative review summarizes current research regarding the cognitive and psychological outcomes following pediatric cardiac arrest, identifies areas for future research, and discusses the needs of these children for rehabilitation services and academic accommodations.

Hypoxic postconditioning-induced neuroprotection increases neuronal autophagy via activation of the SIRT1/FoxO1 signaling pathway in rats with global cerebral ischemia

Hypoxic postconditioning (HPC) has been reported to be a beneficial and promising treatment for global cerebral ischemia (GCI). However, its neuroprotective mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the protective effects of HPC in a rat model of GCI were due to the upregulation of autophagy via the silent information regulator transcript-1 (SIRT1)/Forkhead box protein 1 (FoxO1) pathway. Morris water maze test revealed that HPC attenuated cognitive damage in GCI rats. HPC also significantly increased the levels of the autophagy-related protein LC3-II, SIRT1 and FoxO1 compared with those in the GCI group. However, the HPC-induced LC3-II upregulation was blocked by the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527. These results suggested that the beneficial effects of HPC on GCI rats were due to the upregulation of ischemiainduced autophagy and involved the SIRT1/FoxO1 signaling pathway.