Local fat treatments: classification proposal

LIPOSA pharmacopuncture, a new herbal formula, affects localized adiposity by regulating lipid metabolism in vivo

Localized adiposity is a serious aesthetic problem and a well-known health risk factor. There is a growing interest in minimally invasive treatment options for excessive fat accumulation, such as pharmacopuncture. LIPOSA is a newly developed pharmacopuncture formula from three natural herbs: The tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breitenb., the whole plant of Taraxacum platycarpum Dahlst. and the root of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. The present study investigated the effects of pharmacopuncture treatment with LIPOSA on localized adiposity. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed high fat diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity. Then, 100 µl LIPOSA was injected into the left-side inguinal fat pad at various concentrations, including 13.35, 26.7 and 53.4 mg/ml. Normal saline was injected into the right-side inguinal fat pad of each mouse as a control. The treatment was performed three times per week for 2 weeks. The weight and histological changes were analyzed in the inguinal fat pad of the obese mice. The expression levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), autophagy-related gene (ATG)5, ATG7 and LC3-II, as lipophagy-related factors, were evaluated to confirm the lipid-catabolic effects of LIPOSA. LIPOSA pharmacopuncture markedly decreased the weight of the fat tissue and the size of the adipocytes in the inguinal region of the mouse models of obesity in a dose-dependent manner. The expression levels of ATGL, HSL, ATG5, ATG7 and LC3-II were significantly increased by the LIPOSA treatments. In addition, LIPOSA pharmacopuncture was found to decrease the expression levels of ACC, PPAR-γ and PEPCK. The results indicated that subcutaneous injection of LIPOSA can degrade local fat and induce lipophagic and lipase activation effects. In addition, lipid metabolism related to fat accumulation was regulated by the LIPOSA treatment. The present study suggests that LIPOSA pharmacopuncture can be a non-surgical alternative in the treatment of localized adiposity.

Evaluation of lipolysis and toxicological parameters of low-level laser therapy at different wavelengths and doses in the abdominal subcutaneous tissue

Investigate the effects of low-level lasers therapy (LLLT) aiming abdominal lipolysis. Female Wistar rats received applications of LLLT directly in the abdominal skin twice a week (5 weeks). Except the control group (n = 5), animals received treatments with red wavelength 660 nm being (I) R3.3 group (n = 5): 3.3 J/cm², and (II) R5 group (n = 5): 5 J/cm², or infrared wavelength 808 nm being (III) IR3.3 group (n = 5): 3.3 J/cm², and (IV) IR5 group (n = 5): 5 J/cm². Abdominal subcutaneous and liver tissues were evaluated histologically. Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and catalase (CAT) activity were analyzed in liver tissue. In the peripheral blood aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and total cholesterol were investigated. Micronucleus assay was performed in the bone marrow. Except for the IR3.3 group, all treated groups reduced the body weight (p < 0.001). The R5 group reduced the abdominal subcutaneous tissue weight and thickness (p < 0.05), even though all treated groups reduced the number of adipocytes and its size (p < 0.001). No histological changes in the liver. There were no alterations in the triglycerides and LDL levels. The IR5 group increased the total cholesterol levels and decreased the HDL, ALT (both p < 0.05), and AST levels (p < 0.001). The group IR3.3 showed higher levels of ALP (p < 0.01). The R3.3 group increased the TBARS and CAT activity (p < 0.05). No mutagenic effects were found. The red laser treatment at 5 J/cm² led to lipolysis and did not alter the liver's parameters.

Pharmacopuncture of Taraxacum platycarpum extract reduces localized fat by regulating the lipolytic pathway

Localized fat deposits are associated with health and aesthetic problems that mainly affect a large proportion of individuals. Recently, bioactive constituents of TP have been reported to affect lipid metabolism. In this study, we performed a network pharmacological analysis to assume potential lipolytic effects of TP and investigated the actual lipolytic effects of TP extract injection on local body fat and its underlying mechanism. Using the genes related to active compounds of TP, the network was constructed. Through the Functional Enrichment Analysis, Lipid Metabolism and Fatty Acid Metabolism were expected to be affiliated with the network, which implied possible lipolytic effects of TP. On the comparison between TP network and Obesity-related Gene Sets, about three-fourths of elements were in common with the gene sets, which indicated a high relevance between TP and obesity. Based on the genes in lipolysis-related pathways, Perilipin, CGI-58, ATGL, HSL and MGL were selected to identify the actual lipolytic effects of TP. TP injection reduced the inguinal fat weight. Also, the diameter of the adipocytes was decreased by the TP treatment in HFD-induced obese mice. In addition, TP suppressed lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, because the expression of Perilipin was increased, CGI-58, ATGL, HSL and MGL were markedly decreased. Furthermore, glycerol release was down-regulated by the TP treatment. TP exerted its lipolytic effects by regulating the lipolysis machinery through stimulation of lipases. Based on the present findings, TP is expected to be a potent component of injection lipolysis for removing localized body fat.

[The influence of harvesting and processing on the regenerative potential in fat grafting]

The autologous lipotransfer represents an established method in the field of Plastic Surgery. As a reliable and safe method for breast reconstruction and breast augmentation it offers an alternative to established methods such as implants and flap surgery.Survival rate of adipose derived stromal cells limits success or failure of fat grafting. Slight changes in the fat grafting process can lead to huge changes in ADSC-survival rate.This review wants to optimize the fat-grafting process to ensure best outcomes.

Effect of an aerobic exercise session combined with abdominal radiofrequency on lipolytic activity in women: Randomized control trial

BACKGROUND

Abdominal adiposity is a cardiovascular risk factor; it is assumed that the combination of radiofrequency and physical exercise may decrease this excess of adipose tissue.

PURPOSE

To understand whether an aerobic physical exercise session associated with abdominal radiofrequency increases the level of lipolytic activity.

METHODOLOGY

The study analyzes the effect of a combined aerobic exercise session with radiofrequency. Participants were 30 healthy female volunteers, aged 18-28 years, randomly assigned to an experimental group and placebo group. They were characterized by a sociodemographic questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The groups performed an abdominal radiofrequency session followed by moderate aerobic exercise, assessing glycerol concentration and lipid profile values before and after the intervention. In the experimental group, a percentage of potency was used that allowed to maintain the temperature between 40º C and 42º C to the epidermis. In the placebo group, the power of the radiofrequency was 0 Watt. To compare results, Student's t test was used for a significance level of 0.05.

RESULTS

There were no significant changes in glycerol concentrations between groups (P > 0.05). There were no changes in the lipid profile of both groups after the intervention (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The association of exercise with radiofrequency did not present an increased effect on lipolytic activity when compared to the isolated exercise. The application of this technique is a safe intervention.

Effectiveness and Safety of Contrast Cryolipolysis for Subcutaneous-Fat Reduction

Cryolipolysis is the noninvasive treatment of localized fat through cold-induced panniculitis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of contrast cryolipolysis for subcutaneous-fat reduction. Contrast cryolipolysis mixes the principles of conventional cryolipolysis and periods of heating in accordance with the contrast lipocryolysis process. Twenty-one subjects aged 34 ± 9 years were treated with contrast cryolipolysis in the regions of abdomen and flanks through the Polarys® device. Anthropometry, standardized photographs, measurements with a skinfold caliper, and diagnostic ultrasounds were performed at the baseline and during follow-ups at 30, 60, and 90 days after the treatment. The safety assessments included laboratory testing and monitoring of the adverse events. The level of significance for all tests was set at P < 0.05. No significant differences in weight and body mass index were found. The waist measurements at the baseline and 30-day follow-up had significant differences, as did the measurements at the 30-day and 60-day follow-ups. The skinfold and ultrasound measurements were significantly reduced in the treated areas in all the time points compared to the baseline. The laboratory results showed no significant changes from baseline. Temporary adverse effects were resolved spontaneously. This study confirmed that contrast cryolipolysis is safe and effective in reducing the fat layer and improving body contouring.

Effects of contrast cryolipolysis on flank region adiposity: Case study

BACKGROUND

The Contrast Cryolipolysis is a non-invasive technique that aims to reduce localized adiposity with its heating-cooling-heating method, resulting in a 45% fat loss in the treated area, with no damage to the skin.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effects of contrast cryolipolysis compared to conventional cryolipolysis on localized adiposity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This is a case study was carried out with two volunteers. The cirtometry, ultrasonography, and the anthropometric characteristics' analyses of volunteers were performed before and after the intervention. The right flank region underwent conventional cryolipolysis, and the left flank underwent contrast cryolipolysis.

RESULTS

The procedures performed in both volunteers had positive results. However, the use of Contrast Cryolipolysis promoted greater loss of adipose tissue, reducing perimetry and cirtometry measurements, as well as the adipose tissue thickness, acknowledged via ultrasonography.

CONCLUSION

The contrast cryolipolysis promotes greater localized adiposity reduction than the conventional cryolipolysis.