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Agabiti-Rosei C, Saxton SN, De Ciuceis C, Lorenza Muiesan M, Rizzoni D, Agabiti Rosei E, Heagerty AM. Influence of Perivascular Adipose Tissue on Microcirculation: A Link Between Hypertension and Obesity. Hypertension 2024; 81:24-33. [PMID: 37937425 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.19437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in microcirculation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders such as obesity and hypertension. The small resistance arteries of these patients show a typical remodeling, as indicated by an increase of media or total wall thickness to lumen diameter ratio that impairs organ flow reserve. The majority of blood vessels are surrounded by a fat depot which is termed perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). In recent years, data from several studies have indicated that PVAT is an endocrine organ that can produce a variety of adipokines and cytokines, which may participate in the regulation of vascular tone, and the secretory profile varies with adipocyte phenotype and disease status. The PVAT of lean humans largely secretes the vasodilator adiponectin, which will act in a paracrine fashion to reduce peripheral resistance and improve nutrient uptake into tissues, thereby protecting against the development of hypertension and diabetes. In obesity, PVAT becomes enlarged and inflamed, and the bioavailability of adiponectin is reduced. The inevitable consequence is a rise in peripheral resistance with higher blood pressure. The interrelationship between obesity and hypertension could be explained, at least in part, by a cross-talk between microcirculation and PVAT. In this article, we propose an integrated pathophysiological approach of this relationship, in order to better clarify its role in obesity and hypertension, as the basis for effective and specific prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Agabiti-Rosei
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (C.A.-R., C.D.C., M.L.M., D.R., E.A.R.)
- UOC 2 Medicina, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy (C.A.R., C.D.C, M.L.M.)
| | - Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, United Kingdom (S.N.S., A.M.H.)
| | - Carolina De Ciuceis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (C.A.-R., C.D.C., M.L.M., D.R., E.A.R.)
- UOC 2 Medicina, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy (C.A.R., C.D.C, M.L.M.)
| | - Maria Lorenza Muiesan
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (C.A.-R., C.D.C., M.L.M., D.R., E.A.R.)
- UOC 2 Medicina, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy (C.A.R., C.D.C, M.L.M.)
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (C.A.-R., C.D.C., M.L.M., D.R., E.A.R.)
| | - Enrico Agabiti Rosei
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (C.A.-R., C.D.C., M.L.M., D.R., E.A.R.)
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, United Kingdom (S.N.S., A.M.H.)
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Kugo H, Sugiura Y, Fujishima R, Jo S, Mishima H, Sugamoto E, Tanaka H, Yamaguchi S, Ikeda Y, Hirano KI, Moriyama T, Zaima N. Tricaprin can prevent the development of AAA by attenuating aortic degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114299. [PMID: 36724640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical therapeutic options to prevent rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a critical event, must be developed. Moreover, further understanding of the process of AAA development and rupture is crucial. Previous studies have revealed that aortic hypoperfusion can induce the development of AAA, and we successfully developed a hypoperfusion-induced AAA animal model. In this study, we examined the effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), tricaprylin (C8-TG) and tricaprin (C10-TG), on hypoperfusion-induced AAA rat model. We estimated the effects of MCTs on aortic pathologies, mechanical properties of the aorta, and development of AAA. C10-TG, but not C8-TG, significantly suppressed AAA development and completely prevented the rupture. We observed that C10-TG prevented the development and rupture of AAA, but not C8-TG. Additionally, regression of AAA diameter was observed in the C10-TG group. Pathological analysis revealed C10-TG improved the hypoperfusion-induced increase in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α levels, medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) loss, degeneration of aortic elastin and collagen fibers, and loss of aortic wall elasticity. In addition, regression of the formed AAA was observed by administration of C10-TG after AAA formation. C10-TG administration after AAA formation improved degeneration of AAA wall including degradation of aortic elastin and collagen fibers, stenosis of vasa vasorum, and loss of medial SMCs. These data suggest C10-TG can prevent AAA by attenuating aortic hypoperfusion and degeneration. Considering the clinical safety of C10-TG, C10-TG can be a promising AAA drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirona Kugo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Rena Fujishima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Shintou Jo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Mishima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Erina Sugamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-Invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Department of Triglyceride Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-Invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Department of Triglyceride Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan; Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-Invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Department of Triglyceride Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
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Balbino-Silva CS, Couto GK, Lino CA, de Oliveira-Silva T, Lunardon G, Huang ZP, Festuccia WT, Barreto-Chaves ML, Wang DZ, Rossoni LV, Diniz GP. miRNA-22 is involved in the aortic reactivity in physiological conditions and mediates obesity-induced perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction. Life Sci 2023; 316:121416. [PMID: 36690245 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Blood vessels are surrounded by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), which plays an important role in vascular tonus regulation due to its anticontractile effect; however, this effect is impaired in obesity. We previously demonstrated that miRNA-22 is involved in obesity-related metabolic disorders. However, the impact of miRNA-22 on vascular reactivity and PVAT function is unknown. AIM To investigate the role of miRNA-22 on vascular reactivity and its impact on obesity-induced PVAT dysfunction. MAIN METHODS Wild-type and miRNA-22 knockout (KO) mice were fed a control or a high-fat (HF) diet. To characterize the vascular response, concentration-responses curves to noradrenaline were performed in PVAT- or PVAT+ thoracic aortic rings in absence and presence of L-NAME. Expression of adipogenic and thermogenic markers and NOS isoforms were evaluated by western blotting or qPCR. KEY FINDINGS HF diet and miRNA-22 deletion reduced noradrenaline-induced contraction in PVAT- aortic rings. Additionally, miRNA-22 deletion increased noradrenaline-induced contraction in PVAT+ aortic rings without affecting its sensitivity; however, this effect was not observed in miRNA-22 KO mice fed a HF diet. Interestingly, miRNA-22 deletion reduced the contraction of aortic rings to noradrenaline via a NOS-dependent mechanism. Moreover, HF diet abolished the NOS-mediated anticontractile effect of PVAT, which was attenuated by miRNA-22 deletion. Mechanistically, we found that PVAT from miRNA-22 KO mice fed a HF diet presented increased protein expression of nNOS. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that miRNA-22 is important for aorta reactivity under physiological circumstances and its deletion attenuates the loss of the NOS-mediated anticontractile effect of PVAT in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Balbino-Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele K Couto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Lino
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Lunardon
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Luciana V Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela P Diniz
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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The association of pericardial fat and peri-aortic fat with severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14014. [PMID: 35982232 PMCID: PMC9388488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with central obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. However, the association of body-site specific adiposity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been well characterized. We studies 704 consecutive subjects who underwent annual health survey in Taiwan. All subjects have been divided into three groups including normal (341), mild (227) and moderate and severe (136) NAFLD according to ultrasound finding. Pericardial (PCF) and thoracic peri-aortic adipose tissue (TAT) burden was assessed using a non-contrast 16-slice multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) dataset with off-line measurement (Aquarius 3DWorkstation, TeraRecon, SanMateo, CA, USA). We explored the relationship between PCF/TAT, NAFLD and cardiometabolic risk profiles. Patients with moderate and mild NAFLD have greater volume of PCF (100.7 ± 26.3vs. 77.1 ± 21.3 vs. 61.7 ± 21.6 ml, P < 0.001) and TAT (11.2 ± 4.1 vs. 7.6 ± 2.6 vs. 5.5 ± 2.6 ml, P < 0.001) when compared to the normal groups. Both PCF and TAT remained independently associated with NAFLD after counting for age, sex, triglyceride, cholesterol and other cardiometabolic risk factors. In addition, both PCF and TAT provided incremental prediction value for NAFLD diagnosis. (AUROC: 0.85 and 0.87, 95%, confidence interval: 0.82-0.89 and 0.84-0.90). Both visceral adipose tissues strongly correlated with the severity of NAFLD. Compared to PCF, TAT is more tightly associated with NAFLD diagnosis in a large Asian population.
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Hillock-Watling C, Gotlieb AI. The pathobiology of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), the fourth layer of the blood vessel wall. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022; 61:107459. [PMID: 35907442 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2022.107459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an adipose tissue depot which surrounds most human blood vessels. It is metabolically active and has both a protective and a pathogenic role in vascular biology and pathobiology. It regulates vascular homeostasis and promotes vascular dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to consider the origin, structure, function, and dysfunction of this unique adipose depot consisting of white (WAT), brown (BAT) and beige adipose tissue, to support the concept that PVAT may be considered the fourth layer of the normal arterial wall (tunica adiposa), in which dysfunction creates a microenvironment that regulates, in part, the initiation and growth of the fibro-inflammatory lipid atherosclerotic plaque. Experimental in-vivo and in-vitro studies and human investigations show that the adipocytes, extracellular matrix, nerve fibers and vasa vasorum found in PVAT form a functional adipose tissue unit adjacent to, but not anatomically separated from, the adventitia. PVAT maintains and regulates the structure and function of the normal arterial wall through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, that include modulation of medial smooth muscle cell contractility and secretion of anti-inflammatory molecules. PVAT shows regional phenotypic heterogeneity which may be important in its effect on the wall of specific sections of the aorta and its muscular branches during perturbations and various injuries including obesity and diabetes. In atherosclerosis, a pan-vascular microenvironment is created that functionally links the intima-medial atherosclerotic plaque to the adventitia and PVAT beneath the plaque, highlighting the local impact of PVAT on atherogenesis. PVAT adipocytes have inflammatory effects which in response to injury show activation and phenotypic changes, some of which are considered to have direct and indirect effects on the intima and media during the initiation, growth, and development of complicated atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, it is important to maintain the integrity of the full vascular microenvironment so that design of experimental and human studies include investigation of PVAT. The era of discarding PVAT tissue in both experimental and human research and clinical vascular studies should end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Hillock-Watling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Avrum I Gotlieb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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The Role of Obesity-Induced Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT) Dysfunction in Vascular Homeostasis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113843. [PMID: 34836100 PMCID: PMC8621306 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an additional special type of adipose tissue surrounding blood vessels. Under physiological conditions, PVAT plays a significant role in regulation of vascular tone, intravascular thermoregulation, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. PVAT is responsible for releasing adipocytes-derived relaxing factors (ADRF) and perivascular-derived relaxing factors (PDRF), which have anticontractile properties. Obesity induces increased oxidative stress, an inflammatory state, and hypoxia, which contribute to PVAT dysfunction. The exact mechanism of vascular dysfunction in obesity is still not well clarified; however, there are some pathways such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) disorders and PVAT-derived factor dysregulation, which are involved in hypertension and endothelial dysfunction development. Physical activity has a beneficial effect on PVAT function among obese patients by reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory state. Diet, which is the second most beneficial non-invasive strategy in obesity treatment, may have a positive impact on PVAT-derived factors and may restore the balance in their concentration.
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