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Choi J, Park G, Lee SSY, Dominici E, Becker L, Macleod KF, Kron SJ, Hwang S. Context-dependent roles for autophagy in myeloid cells in tumor progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.12.603292. [PMID: 39071306 PMCID: PMC11275940 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.12.603292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is known to suppress tumor initiation by removing genotoxic stresses in normal cells. Conversely, autophagy is also known to support tumor progression by alleviating metabolic stresses in neoplastic cells. Centered on this pro-tumor role of autophagy, there have been many clinical trials to treat cancers through systemic blocking of autophagy. Such systemic inhibition affects both tumor cells and non-tumor cells, and the consequence of blocked autophagy in non-tumor cells in the context of tumor microenvironment is relatively understudied. Here, we examined the effect of autophagy-deficient myeloid cells on the progression of autophagy-competent tumors. We found that blocking autophagy only in myeloid cells modulated tumor progression markedly but such effects were context dependent. In a tumor implantation model, the growth of implanted tumor cells was substantially reduced in mice with autophagy-deficient myeloid cells; T cells infiltrated deeper into the tumors and were responsible for the reduced growth of the implanted tumor cells. In an oncogene-driven tumor induction model, however, tumors grew faster and metastasized more in mice with autophagy-deficient myeloid cells. These data demonstrate that the autophagy status of myeloid cells plays a critical role in tumor progression, promoting or suppressing tumor growth depending on the context of tumor-myeloid cell interactions. This study indicates that systemic use of autophagy inhibitors in cancer therapy may have differential effects on rates of tumor progression in patients due to effects on myeloid cells and that this warrants more targeted use of selective autophagy inhibitors in a cancer therapy in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Choi
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gayoung Park
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Steve Seung-Young Lee
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Erin Dominici
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lev Becker
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Seungmin Hwang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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2
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DNA barcoding reveals ongoing immunoediting of clonal cancer populations during metastatic progression and immunotherapy response. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6539. [PMID: 36344500 PMCID: PMC9640547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers evade the immune system through the process of cancer immunoediting. While immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective for reactivating tumour immunity in some cancer types, many other solid cancers, including breast cancer, remain largely non-responsive. Understanding how non-responsive cancers evade immunity and whether this occurs at the clonal level will improve immunotherapeutic design. Here we use DNA barcoding to track murine mammary cancer cell clones during immunoediting and determine clonal transcriptional profiles that allow immune evasion following anti-PD1 plus anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy. Clonal diversity is significantly restricted by immunotherapy treatment in both primary tumours and metastases, demonstrating selection for pre-existing breast cancer cell populations and ongoing immunoediting during metastasis and treatment. Immunotherapy resistant clones express a common gene signature associated with poor survival of basal-like breast cancer patient cohorts. At least one of these genes has an existing small molecule that can potentially be used to improve immunotherapy response.
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3
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Iwanowycz S, Ngoi S, Li Y, Hill M, Koivisto C, Parrish M, Guo B, Li Z, Liu B. Type-2 dendritic cells mediate control of cytotoxic T cell-resistant tumors. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e145885. [PMID: 34283809 PMCID: PMC8492342 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 DCs (DC2s) comprise the majority of conventional DCs within most tumors; however, little is known about their ability to initiate and sustain antitumor immunity, as most studies have focused on antigen cross-presenting DC1s. Here, we report that DC2 infiltration identified by analysis of multiple human cancer data sets showed a significant correlation with survival across multiple human cancers, with the benefit being seen in tumors resistant to cytotoxic T cell control. Characterization of DC subtype infiltration into an immunotherapy-resistant model of breast cancer revealed that impairment of DC1s through 2 unique models resulted in enhanced DC2 functionality and improved tumor control. BATF3 deficiency depleted intratumoral DC1s, which led to increased DC2 lymph node migration and CD4+ T cell activation. Enhancing DC2 stimulatory potential by genetic deletion of Hsp90b1 (encoding molecular chaperon GP96) led to a similar enhancement of T cell immunity and improved survival in a spontaneous breast cancer model. These data highlight the therapeutic and prognostic potential of DC2s within checkpoint blockade–resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Iwanowycz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Soo Ngoi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Yingqi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Megan Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Christopher Koivisto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Melodie Parrish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Beichu Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Zihai Li
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
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4
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Li K, Li T, Feng Z, Huang M, Wei L, Yan Z, Long M, Hu Q, Wang J, Liu S, Sgroi DC, Demehri S. CD8 + T cell immunity blocks the metastasis of carcinogen-exposed breast cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd8936. [PMID: 34144976 PMCID: PMC8213232 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd8936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The link between carcinogen exposure and cancer immunogenicity is unclear. Single exposure to 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) at puberty accelerated spontaneous breast carcinogenesis in mouse mammary tumor virus-polyoma middle tumor-antigen transgenic (MMTV-PyMTtg or PyMT) and MMTV-Her2/neutg (Her2) mice. Paradoxically, DMBA-treated PyMT and Her2 animals were protected from metastasis. CD8+ T cells significantly infiltrated DMBA-exposed breast cancers. CD8+ T cell depletion resulted in severe lung and liver metastasis in DMBA-treated PyMT mice. Besides increasing tumor mutational burden, DMBA exposure up-regulated Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) in cancer cells and heightened antigen presentation. CCL21 injection suppressed breast cancer growth, and CCL21 receptor deletion attenuated T cell immunity against cancer metastasis in DMBA-treated PyMT animals. CCL21 expression correlated with increased mutational burden and cytolytic activity across human cancers. Higher CCL21 levels correlated with increased CD8+ T cell infiltrates in human breast cancer and predicted lower breast cancer distant recurrence rate. Collectively, carcinogen exposure induces immune-activating factors within cancer cells that promote CD8+ T cell immunity against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Li
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Tiancheng Li
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhaoyi Feng
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mei Huang
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Zhiyu Yan
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mark Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Dennis C Sgroi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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5
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Li L, Wang J, Radford DC, Kopeček J, Yang J. Combination treatment with immunogenic and anti-PD-L1 polymer-drug conjugates of advanced tumors in a transgenic MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. J Control Release 2021; 332:652-659. [PMID: 33607175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized the treatment of tumors with immunogenic microenvironments. However, low response rate and acquired resistance are still major challenges. Herein we used a more clinically relevant model of transgenic MMTV-PyMT tumor that more closely mimics the development of human breast cancer in an immunocompetent background to investigate a polymer-based chemo-immunotherapy. We have found that tumors acquired an increased degree of immune suppression during progression, rendering them unresponsive to anti-PD-L1 therapy. To treat large tumors at their advanced stage, we applied a combination strategy consisting of two polymer-drug conjugates that could induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and disrupt the PD-L1/PD-1 interaction, respectively. Although ICD-inducing conjugate remodeled tumor immune microenvironment by facilitating significant CD8+ T cell infiltration, advanced tumor adapted the immune suppressive mechanism of elevating PD-L1 expression on both cancer cells and myeloid cells thereafter to enable continued tumor growth. Concurrent treatment of PD-L1 blocking conjugate not only abrogated the PD-L1 expression from the two disparate cellular sources, but also considerably reduced the number of immunosuppressive myeloid cells, thereby leading to a significant shrinkage of advanced tumors. Our data provide evidence that combinatory strategy of ICD-inducing and PD-L-blocking modalities could reverse immune suppression and establish a basis for the rational design of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - D Christopher Radford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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6
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Mei Y, Wang M, Lu G, Li J, Peng L, Lang Y, Yang M, Jiang L, Li C, Zheng L, Liu Z, Xie D, Guo L, Huang B, Zeng M, Shi Y, Qian C. Postponing tumor onset and tumor progression can be achieved by alteration of local tumor immunity. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:97. [PMID: 33568170 PMCID: PMC7874464 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been known for years that the same genetic defects drive breast cancer formation, yet, the onset of breast cancer in different individuals among the same population differs greatly in their life spans with unknown mechanisms. Methods We used a MMTV-PyMT mouse model with different genetic backgrounds (FVB/NJ vs. C57BL/6J) to generate different cancer onset phenotypes, then profiled and analyzed the gene expression of three tumor stages in both Fvb.B6 and Fvb mice to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results We found that in contrast with the FVB/N-Tg (MMTV-PyMT) 634Mul mice (Fvb mice), mammary tumor initiation was significantly delayed and tumor progression was significantly suppressed in the Fvb.B6 mice (generated by crossing FVB/NJ with C57BL/6J mice). Transcriptome sequencing and analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in immune-related pathways. Flow cytometry analysis showed a higher proportion of matured dendritic cells in the Fvb.B6 mice. The plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly reduced in the Fvb.B6 mice. IL-6 also impaired the maturation of bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) of the Fvb mice in vitro. Conclusion All these findings suggest that immunity levels (characterized by a reduced IL-6 level and intact DC maturation in Fvb.B6 mice) are the key factors affecting tumor onset in a murine mammary cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingdian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanming Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Basie, 533000, China
| | - Jiangchao Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lixia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhong Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingbi Jiang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Changzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Lisheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Dehuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Bijun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Musheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxia Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chaonan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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7
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Attalla S, Taifour T, Bui T, Muller W. Insights from transgenic mouse models of PyMT-induced breast cancer: recapitulating human breast cancer progression in vivo. Oncogene 2021; 40:475-491. [PMID: 33235291 PMCID: PMC7819848 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is associated with the second highest cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Therefore, understanding the key events that determine breast cancer progression, modulation of the tumor-microenvironment and metastasis, which is the main cause of cancer-associated death, are of great importance. The mammary specific polyomavirus middle T antigen overexpression mouse model (MMTV-PyMT), first published in 1992, is the most commonly used genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) for cancer research. Mammary lesions arising in MMTV-PyMT mice follow similar molecular and histological progression as human breast tumors, making it an invaluable tool for cancer researchers and instrumental in understanding tumor biology. In this review, we will highlight key studies that demonstrate the utility of PyMT derived GEMMs in understanding the molecular basis of breast cancer progression, metastasis and highlight its use as a pre-clinical tool for therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Attalla
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Tarek Taifour
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Tung Bui
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - William Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
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8
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He Z, Khatib AM, Creemers JW. Loss of the proprotein convertase Furin in T cells represses mammary tumorigenesis in oncogene-driven triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 484:40-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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9
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Bezu L, Kepp O, Cerrato G, Pol J, Fucikova J, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Peptide-based vaccines in anticancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1511506. [PMID: 30524907 PMCID: PMC6279318 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1511506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based anticancer vaccination aims at stimulating an immune response against one or multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) following immunization with purified, recombinant or synthetically engineered epitopes. Despite high expectations, the peptide-based vaccines that have been explored in the clinic so far had limited therapeutic activity, largely due to cancer cell-intrinsic alterations that minimize antigenicity and/or changes in the tumor microenvironment that foster immunosuppression. Several strategies have been developed to overcome such limitations, including the use of immunostimulatory adjuvants, the co-treatment with cytotoxic anticancer therapies that enable the coordinated release of damage-associated molecular patterns, and the concomitant blockade of immune checkpoints. Personalized peptide-based vaccines are also being explored for therapeutic activity in the clinic. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical progress in the use of peptide-based vaccines as anticancer therapeutics.Abbreviations: CMP: carbohydrate-mimetic peptide; CMV: cytomegalovirus; DC: dendritic cell; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; HPV: human papillomavirus; MDS: myelodysplastic syndrome; MHP: melanoma helper vaccine; NSCLC: non-small cell lung carcinoma; ODD: orphan drug designation; PPV: personalized peptide vaccination; SLP: synthetic long peptide; TAA: tumor-associated antigen; TNA: tumor neoantigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucillia Bezu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Cerrato
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic.,Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic.,Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Saxena M, Kalathur RKR, Neutzner M, Christofori G. PyMT-1099, a versatile murine cell model for EMT in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12123. [PMID: 30108334 PMCID: PMC6092323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in cancer metastasis, drug resistance, and in conferring stem cell-like traits to cancer cells. Most studies investigating EMT in cancer have either utilized immortalized or cancer cell lines that are already primed to undergo an EMT and do not adequately represent a fully differentiated epithelial state in the absence of an EMT induction. Hence, model systems are required which recapitulate all stages of EMT in cancer cells. Here, we report the derivation and characterization of epithelial PyMT-1099 cancer cells from the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. We demonstrate that PyMT-1099 cells undergo an EMT upon TGFβ treatment, while upon TGFβ withdrawal they go through a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), as assessed by changes in cell morphology and marker expression and comparable to normal murine mammary gland NMuMG cells. However, in contrast to NMuMG cells, PyMT-1099 cells show an increase in cell migration and are highly tumorigenic and metastatic when transplanted into immunocompromised mice. Finally, we report cancer cell-specific changes in gene expression during EMT of PyMT-1099 cells not found in non-transformed NMuMG cells. Thus, PyMT-1099 cells are a versatile tool to study breast cancer-associated EMT and MET in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Saxena
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Melanie Neutzner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Christofori
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
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11
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Searles SC, Santosa EK, Bui JD. Cell-cell fusion as a mechanism of DNA exchange in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:6156-6173. [PMID: 29464062 PMCID: PMC5814202 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell fusion describes the process by which two cells combine their plasma membranes and become a single cell, possessing and retaining certain genetic information from each parent cell. Here, using a Cre-loxP-based method initially developed to investigate extracellular vesicle targeting, we found that cancer cells spontaneously and rapidly deliver DNA to non-cancer cells in vitro via a cell-cell fusion event. The resulting hybrid cells were aneuploid and possessed enhanced clonal diversity and chemoresistance compared to non-hybrid cancer cells. We also observed cell-cell fusion to occur in vivo between melanoma cells and non-cancer cells of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic lineages. These findings suggest that cell-cell fusion occurs during the natural progression of cancer and show that this mechanism has the potential to cause massive genomic alterations that are observed in cancer. Furthermore, these findings somewhat contradict recent publications suggesting that the Cre-loxP method measures only extracellular vesicle-mediated intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Searles
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Endi K Santosa
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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