1
|
Tan L, Qu W, Wu D, Liu M, Ai Q, Hu H, Wang Q, Chen W, Zhou H. The interferon regulatory factor 6 promotes cisplatin sensitivity in colorectal cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10504-10517. [PMID: 35443865 PMCID: PMC9161955 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Cell proliferation and tumor metastasis as well as chemoresistance are correlated with poor survival of CRC. The interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) is functioned as a tumor suppressor gene in several cancers and is associated with risk of CRC. We explored the role of IRF6 in CRC in the present study. The protein expressions of IRF6 in human CRC tissues, normal para-carcinoma tissue and liver metastases from CRC were measured. Cell proliferation, chemotherapeutic sensitivity, cell apoptosis, migration and invasion including the related markers along with IRF6 expression were explored. Our results indicated that IRF6 expression in CRC and liver metastasis were lower than normal tissues, which were correlated positively with E-cadherin and negatively with Ki67 expression in CRC tissue. IRF6 promoted CRC cell sensitivity to cisplatin to suppress cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as aggravate cell apoptosis. Our study suggested that IRF6 may enhance chemotherapeutic sensitivity of cisplatin mediated by affecting cell proliferation, migration and invasion along with apoptosis through regulating E-cadherin and Ki67, while the identified molecular mechanisms remain to be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Weiming Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Dajun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Minji Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Qiongjia Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Hongsai Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Weishun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie Y, Zhang J, Li M, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zheng Y, Lai W. Identification of Lactate-Related Gene Signature for Prediction of Progression and Immunotherapeutic Response in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:818868. [PMID: 35265521 PMCID: PMC8898832 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.818868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a skin cancer type characterized by a high degree of immune cell infiltration. The potential function of lactate, a main metabolic product in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of SKCM, remains unclear. In this study, we systemically analyzed the predictive value of lactate-related genes (LRGs) for prognosis and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in SKCM patients included from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Cluster 3, by consensus clustering for 61 LRGs, manifested a worse clinical outcome, attributed to the overexpression of malignancy marks. In addition, we created a prognostic prediction model for high- and low-risk patients and verified its performance in a validation cohort, GSE65904. Between TME and the risk model, we found a negative relation of the immunocyte infiltration levels with patients’ risk scores. The low-risk cases had higher ICI expression and could benefit better from ICIs relative to the high-risk cases. Thus, the lactate-related prognosis risk signature may comprehensively provide a basis for future investigations on immunotherapeutic treatment for SKCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yue Zheng
- *Correspondence: Wei Lai, ; Yue Zheng,
| | - Wei Lai
- *Correspondence: Wei Lai, ; Yue Zheng,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lv L, Zhu W, Chen J, Gou X, Xu J, Zhu W, Zheng L, Shen X. Transcriptome analysis of FuZheng XiaoJi prescription inhibiting the proliferation of colorectal cancer. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1963325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Lv
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weirong Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingxian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoheng Shen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mao R, Yang F, Wang Z, Xu C, Liu Q, Liu Y, Zhang T. Clinical Significance of a Novel Tumor Progression-Associated Immune Signature in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625212. [PMID: 33732694 PMCID: PMC7959763 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) patients are susceptible to recurrence, and they rapidly progress to advanced cancer stages and have a poor prognosis. There is an urgent need for efficient screening criteria to identify patients who tend to relapse in order to treat them earlier and more systematically. Methods We identified two groups of patients with significantly different outcomes by unsupervised cluster analysis of GSE39582 based on 101 significantly differentially expressed immune genes. To develop an accurate and specific signature based on immune-related genes to predict the recurrence of CRC, a multivariate Cox risk regression model was constructed with a training cohort composed of 519 CRC samples. The model was then validated using 129, 292, and 446 samples in the real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), test, and validation cohorts, respectively. Results This classification system can also be used to predict the prognosis in clinical subgroups and patients with different mutation states. Four independent datasets, including qRT-PCR and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), demonstrated that they can also be used to accurately predict the overall survival of CRC patients. Further analysis suggested that high-risk patients were characterized by worse effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as lower immune scores. Ultimately, the signature was identified as an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion The signature can accurately predict recurrence and overall survival in patients with CRC and may serve as a powerful prognostic tool to further optimize cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mao
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Emergency Department, Peking University Third Hospital, School of Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxin Xu
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.,The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China.,Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Li BB. Deep Learning in Head and Neck Tumor Multiomics Diagnosis and Analysis: Review of the Literature. Front Genet 2021; 12:624820. [PMID: 33643386 PMCID: PMC7902873 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.624820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck tumors are the sixth most common neoplasms. Multiomics integrates multiple dimensions of clinical, pathologic, radiological, and biological data and has the potential for tumor diagnosis and analysis. Deep learning (DL), a type of artificial intelligence (AI), is applied in medical image analysis. Among the DL techniques, the convolution neural network (CNN) is used for image segmentation, detection, and classification and in computer-aided diagnosis. Here, we reviewed multiomics image analysis of head and neck tumors using CNN and other DL neural networks. We also evaluated its application in early tumor detection, classification, prognosis/metastasis prediction, and the signing out of the reports. Finally, we highlighted the challenges and potential of these techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kong J, Wang W. A Systemic Review on the Regulatory Roles of miR-34a in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2855-2872. [PMID: 32308419 PMCID: PMC7138617 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s234549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding single-stranded small-molecule RNAs that regulate gene expression by repressing target messenger RNA (mRNA) translation or degrading mRNA. miR-34a is one of the most important miRNAs participating in various physiological and pathological processes. miR-34a is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors. The roles of miR-34a in gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) draw lots of attention. Numerous studies have demonstrated that dysregulated miR-34a is closely related to the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells, as well as the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and chemo-resistance of tumors. Thus, we systematically reviewed the abnormal expression and regulatory roles of miR-34a in GICs including esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic cancer (PC), and gallbladder cancer (GBC). It may provide a profile of versatile roles of miR-34a in GICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiehong Kong
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zahnd S, Braga-Lagache S, Buchs N, Lugli A, Dawson H, Heller M, Zlobec I. A Digital Pathology-Based Shotgun-Proteomics Approach to Biomarker Discovery in Colorectal Cancer. J Pathol Inform 2019; 10:40. [PMID: 31921488 PMCID: PMC6939342 DOI: 10.4103/jpi.jpi_65_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers in colorectal cancer are scarce, especially for patients with Stage 2 disease. The aim of our study was to identify potential prognostic biomarkers from colorectal cancers using a novel combination of approaches, whereby digital pathology is coupled to shotgun proteomics followed by validation of candidates by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using digital image analysis (DIA). Methods and Results Tissue cores were punched from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal cancers from patients with Stage 2 and 3 disease (n = 26, each). Protein extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) followed by analysis using three different methods were performed. Fold changes were evaluated. The candidate biomarker was validated by IHC on a series of 413 colorectal cancers from surgically treated patients using a next-generation tissue microarray. DIA was performed by using a pan-cytokeratin serial alignment and quantifying staining within the tumor and normal tissue epithelium. Analysis was done in QuPath and Brightness_Max scores were used for statistical analysis and clinicopathological associations. MS identified 1947 proteins with at least two unique peptides. To reinforce the validity of the biomarker candidates, only proteins showing a significant (P < 0.05) fold-change using all three analysis methods were considered. Eight were identified, and of these, cathepsin B was selected for further validation. DIA revealed strong associations between higher cathepsin B expression and less aggressive tumor features, including tumor node metastasis stage and lymphatic vessel and venous vessel invasion (P < 0.001, all). Cathepsin B was associated with more favorable survival in univariate analysis only. Conclusions Our results present a novel approach to biomarker discovery that includes MS and digital pathology. Cathepsin B expression analyzed by DIA within the tumor epithelial compartment was identified as a strong feature of less aggressive tumor behavior and favorable outcome, a finding that should be further investigated on a more functional level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zahnd
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Braga-Lagache
- Department for BioMedical Research, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natasha Buchs
- Department for BioMedical Research, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Heather Dawson
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Heller
- Department for BioMedical Research, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
O'Cathail SM, Buffa FM. Science in Focus: Bioinformatics Part 1 - Lost in Translation. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019; 31:337-340. [PMID: 30975523 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S M O'Cathail
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute of Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - F M Buffa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Regulatory network reconstruction of five essential microRNAs for survival analysis in breast cancer by integrating miRNA and mRNA expression datasets. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 19:645-658. [PMID: 30859354 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although many of the genetic loci associated with breast cancer risk have been reported, there is a lack of systematic analysis of regulatory networks composed of different miRNAs and mRNAs on survival analysis in breast cancer. To reconstruct the microRNAs-genes regulatory network in breast cancer, we employed the expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) related to five essential miRNAs including miR-21, miR-22, miR-210, miR-221, and miR-222, and their associated functional genomics data from the GEO database. Then, we performed an integration analysis to identify the essential target factors and interactions for the next survival analysis in breast cancer. Based on the results of our integrated analysis, we have identified significant common regulatory signatures including differentially expressed genes, enriched pathways, and transcriptional regulation such as interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Finally, a reconstructed regulatory network of five miRNAs and 34 target factors was established and then applied to survival analysis in breast cancer. When we used expression data for individual miRNAs, only miR-21 and miR-22 were significantly associated with a survival change. However, we identified 45 significant miRNA-gene pairs that predict overall survival in breast cancer out of 170 one-on-one interactions in our reconstructed network covering all of five miRNAs, and several essential factors such as PSMB9, HLA-C, RARRES3, UBE2L6, and NMI. In our study, we reconstructed regulatory network of five essential microRNAs for survival analysis in breast cancer by integrating miRNA and mRNA expression datasets. These results may provide new insights into regulatory network-based precision medicine for breast cancer.
Collapse
|
10
|
Precision immunoprofiling by image analysis and artificial intelligence. Virchows Arch 2018; 474:511-522. [PMID: 30470933 PMCID: PMC6447694 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical success of immunotherapy is driving the need for new prognostic and predictive assays to inform patient selection and stratification. This requirement can be met by a combination of computational pathology and artificial intelligence. Here, we critically assess computational approaches supporting the development of a standardized methodology in the assessment of immune-oncology biomarkers, such as PD-L1 and immune cell infiltrates. We examine immunoprofiling through spatial analysis of tumor-immune cell interactions and multiplexing technologies as a predictor of patient response to cancer treatment. Further, we discuss how integrated bioinformatics can enable the amalgamation of complex morphological phenotypes with the multiomics datasets that drive precision medicine. We provide an outline to machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence tools and illustrate fields of application in immune-oncology, such as pattern-recognition in large and complex datasets and deep learning approaches for survival analysis. Synergies of surgical pathology and computational analyses are expected to improve patient stratification in immuno-oncology. We propose that future clinical demands will be best met by (1) dedicated research at the interface of pathology and bioinformatics, supported by professional societies, and (2) the integration of data sciences and digital image analysis in the professional education of pathologists.
Collapse
|
11
|
Liang YK, Lin HY, Chen CF, Zeng D. Prognostic values of distinct CBX family members in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:92375-92387. [PMID: 29190923 PMCID: PMC5696189 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromobox (CBX) family proteins are canonical components in polycomb repressive complexes 1 (PRC1), with epigenetic regulatory function and transcriptionally repressing target genes via chromatin modification. A plethora of studies have highlighted the function specifications among CBX family members in various cancer, including lung cancer, colon cancer and breast cancer. Nevertheless, the functions and prognostic roles of distinct CBX family members in breast cancer (BC) remain elusive. In this study, we reported the prognostic values of CBX family members in patients with BC through analysis of a series of databases, including CCLE, ONCOMINE, Xena Public Data Hubs, and Kaplan-Meier plotter. It was found that the mRNA expression of CBX family members were noticeably higher in BC than normal counterparts. CBX2 was highly expressed in Basal-like and HER-2 subtypes, while CBX4 and CBX7 expressions were enriched in Luminal A and Luminal B subtypes of BC. Survival analysis revealed that CBX1, CBX2 and CBX3 mRNA high expression was correlated to worsen relapse-free survival (RFS) for all BC patients, while CBX4, CBX5, CBX6 and CBX7 high expression was correlated to better RFS in this setting. Noteworthily, CBX1 and CBX2 were associated with chemoresistance whereas CBX7 was associated with tamoxifen sensitivity, as well as chemosensitivity in breast tumors. Therefore, we propose that CBX1, CBX2 and CBX7 are potential targets for BC treatment. The results might be beneficial for better understanding the complexity and heterogeneity in the molecular underpinning of BC, and to develop tools to more accurately predict the prognosis of patients with BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ke Liang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hao-Yu Lin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chun-Fa Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - De Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|