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He A, Wu M, Pu Y, Li R, Zhang Y, He J, Xia Y, Ma Y. Fluoxetine as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Inhibiting Melanoma Brain and Lung Metastasis: Induction of Apoptosis, G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest, and Disruption of Autophagy Flux. J Cancer 2024; 15:3825-3840. [PMID: 38911391 PMCID: PMC11190770 DOI: 10.7150/jca.95592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases and lung metastases are major causes of treatment failure and related mortality in melanoma. Fluoxetine hydrochloride (FXT), a widely-used antidepressant, has emerged as a potential anticancer agent in preclinical studies. Previous research has shown its potential to inhibit melanoma. However, its efficacy and the underlying mechanisms in melanoma metastasis, especially concerning brain metastases and lung metastases, remain underexplored. This study investigates FXT's inhibitory effects on melanoma growth and metastasis to the lung and brain. Employing a combination of in vitro assays, we demonstrate FXT's potent suppression of melanoma growth through induction of intrinsic apoptosis, disruption of autophagic flux, and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. In in vivo mouse models, we found that FXT exhibits strong inhibitory activity against melanoma brain metastases and lung metastases. Our findings provide a foundation for future clinical exploration of FXT as a novel treatment strategy for melanoma, underscoring its ability to target both primary and metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mengling Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yamin Pu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ru Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yimei Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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2
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Moinuddin A, Poznanski SM, Portillo AL, Monteiro JK, Ashkar AA. Metabolic adaptations determine whether natural killer cells fail or thrive within the tumor microenvironment. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:19-39. [PMID: 38459782 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are a top contender in the development of adoptive cell therapies for cancer due to their diverse antitumor functions and ability to restrict their activation against nonmalignant cells. Despite their success in hematologic malignancies, NK cell-based therapies have been limited in the context of solid tumors. Tumor cells undergo various metabolic adaptations to sustain the immense energy demands that are needed to support their rapid and uncontrolled proliferation. As a result, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is depleted of nutrients needed to fuel immune cell activity and contains several immunosuppressive metabolites that hinder NK cell antitumor functions. Further, we now know that NK cell metabolic status is a main determining factor of their effector functions. Hence, the ability of NK cells to withstand and adapt to these metabolically hostile conditions is imperative for effective and sustained antitumor activity in the TME. With this in mind, we review the consequences of metabolic hostility in the TME on NK cell metabolism and function. We also discuss tumor-like metabolic programs in NK cell induced by STAT3-mediated expansion that adapt NK cells to thrive in the TME. Finally, we examine how other approaches can be applied to enhance NK cell metabolism in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Moinuddin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie M Poznanski
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana L Portillo
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan K Monteiro
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Yang H, Zhang Z, Zhao K, Zhang Y, Yin X, Zhu G, Wang Z, Yan X, Li X, He T, Wang K. Targeting the adenosine signaling pathway in macrophages for cancer immunotherapy. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110774. [PMID: 38521664 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
One of the ways in which macrophages support tumorigenic growth is by producing adenosine, which acts to dampen antitumor immune responses and is generated by both tumor and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Two cell surface expressed molecules, CD73 and CD39, boost catalytic adenosine triphosphate, leading to further increased adenosine synthesis, under hypoxic circumstances in the TME. There are four receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) expressed on macrophages that allow adenosine to perform its immunomodulatory effect. Researchers have shown that adenosine signaling is a key factor in tumor progression and an attractive therapeutic target for treating cancer. Several antagonistic adenosine-targeting biological therapies that decrease the suppressive action of tumor-associated macrophages have been produced and explored to transform this result from basic research into a therapeutic advantage. Here, we'll review the newest findings from studies of pharmacological compounds that target adenosine receptors, and their potential therapeutic value based on blocking the suppressive action of macrophages in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Yulian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Xinbao Yin
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Guanqun Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Xuechuan Yan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Xueyu Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Tianzhen He
- Nantong University, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China.
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Ning Z, Liu K, Zhang H, Dong G, Wang X, Xiong H. Platelets induce CD39 expression in tumor cells to facilitate tumor metastasis. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1542-1551. [PMID: 38461171 PMCID: PMC11058827 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cells continue to evolve the metastatic potential in response to signals provided by the external microenvironment during metastasis. Platelets closely interact with tumor cells during hematogenous metastasis and facilitate tumor development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. METHODS RNA-sequencing was performed to screen differentially expressed genes mediated by platelets. The effects of platelet and CD39 on tumor metastasis were determined by experimental metastasis models with WT, NCG and CD39-/- mice. RESULTS RNA-sequencing results showed that platelets significantly up-regulated CD39 expression in tumor cells. CD39 is a novel immune checkpoint molecule and a key driver of immunosuppression. Our data provided evidence that the expression of CD39 was enhanced by platelets in a platelet-tumor cell contact dependent manner. Although the role of CD39 expressed by immune cells is well established, the effect of CD39 expressed by tumor cells on tumor cell behavior, anti-tumor immunity and tumor metastasis is unclear. We found that CD39 promoted tumor cell invasion, but had no effect on proliferation and migration. Notably, we showed that the ability of platelets to prime tumor cells for metastasis depends on CD39 in the experimental tumor metastasis model. CD39 silencing resulted in fewer experimental metastasis formation, and this anti-metastasis effect was significantly reduced in platelet-depleted mice. Furthermore, overexpression of CD39 in tumor cells promoted metastasis. In order to eliminate the effect of CD39 expressed in cells other than tumor cells, we detected tumor metastasis in CD39-/- mice and obtained similar results. Moreover, overexpression of CD39 in tumor cells inhibited antitumor immunity. Finally, the data from human samples also supported our findings. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that direct contact with platelets induces CD39 expression in tumor cells, leading to immune suppression and promotion of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochen Ning
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Keyan Liu
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
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Kaplinsky N, Williams K, Watkins D, Adams M, Stanbery L, Nemunaitis J. Regulatory role of CD39 and CD73 in tumor immunity. Future Oncol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38652041 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CD39 is the rate-limiting enzyme for the molecular signal cascade leading to the generation of ADP and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). In conjunction with CD73, CD39 converts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to ADP and AMP, which leads to the accumulation of immunosuppressive adenosine in the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on the role of CD39 and CD73 in immune response and malignant progression, including the expression of CD39 within the tumor microenvironment and its relationship to immune effector cells, and its role in antigen presentation. The role of CD39- and CD73-targeting therapeutics and cancer-directed clinical trials investigating CD39 modulation are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kada Williams
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Dean Watkins
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Molly Adams
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Wang H, Wei Y, Wang N. Purinergic pathways and their clinical use in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09997-8. [PMID: 38446337 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of various therapies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T), the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still generally poor. However, immunotherapy is currently a hot topic in the treatment of hematological tumors. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) via CD39, and ADP can be converted to adenosine via CD73, which can bind to P1 and P2 receptors to exert immunomodulatory effects. Research on the mechanism of the purinergic signaling pathway can provide a new direction for the treatment of AML, and inhibitors of this signaling pathway have been discovered by several researchers and gradually applied in the clinic. In this paper, the mechanism of the purinergic signaling pathway and its clinical application are described, revealing a new target for the treatment of AML and subsequent improvement in patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Meng J, Tan JYT, Joseph CR, Ye J, Lim JCT, Goh D, Xue Y, Lim X, Koh VCY, Wee F, Tay TKY, Chan JY, Ng CCY, Iqbal J, Lau MC, Lim HE, Toh HC, Teh BT, Dent RA, Tan PH, Yeong JPS. The Prognostic Value of CD39 as a Marker of Tumor-Specific T Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Asian Women. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100303. [PMID: 38103870 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis with limited therapeutic options available for affected patients. Efforts are ongoing to identify surrogate markers for tumor-specific CD8+ T cells that can predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies, such as programmed cell death protein 1 or programmed cell death ligand-1 blockade. We have previously identified tumor-specific CD39+CD8+ T cells in non-small cell lung cancer that might help predict patient responses to programmed cell death protein 1 or programmed cell death ligand-1 blockade. Based on this finding, we conducted a comparative interrogation of TNBC in an Asian cohort to evaluate the potential of CD39 as a surrogate marker of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Using ICI-treated TNBC mouse models (n = 24), flow cytometric analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes revealed that >99% of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells also expressed CD39. To investigate the relationship between CD39+CD8+ T-cell density and CD39 expression with disease prognosis, we performed multiplex immunohistochemistry staining on treatment-naive human TNBC tissues (n = 315). We saw that the proportion of CD39+CD8+ T cells in human TNBC tumors correlated with improved overall survival, as did the densities of other CD39+ immune cell infiltrates, such as CD39+CD68+ macrophages. Finally, increased CD39 expression on CD8+ T cells was also found to predict the response to ICI therapy (pembrolizumab) in a separate cohort of 11 TNBC patients. These findings support the potential of CD39+CD8+ T-cell density as a prognostic factor in Asian TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Meng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing Ying Tira Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Craig Ryan Joseph
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jiangfeng Ye
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Chun Tatt Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Denise Goh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuezhen Xue
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xinru Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Valerie Cui Yun Koh
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Felicia Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Timothy Kwang Yong Tay
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | | | | | - Jabed Iqbal
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mai Chan Lau
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hsuen Elaine Lim
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rebecca Alexandra Dent
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Luma Women's Imaging Centre/Medical Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Joe Poh Sheng Yeong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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8
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龚 英, 艾丽飞热·艾麦提, 何 宗. [ARL67156, a small-molecule CD39 inhibitor, enhances natural killer cell cytotoxicity against gastric cancer cells in vitro and in nude mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:2006-2014. [PMID: 38189385 PMCID: PMC10774095 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of ARL67156, a small-molecule inhibitor of CD39, on cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells against gastric cancer cells. METHODS Human peripheral blood-derived primary NK cells isolated and purified using a magnetic bead antibody method were treated with 100 μmol/L ARL67156 for 24 h, and the signaling pathway of NK cell activation was detected by Western blotting. The level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the supernatant of NK cells co-cultured with gastric cancer cells was detected using ELISA, and NK cell CD107a degranulation was measured with flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity of NK cells against co-cultured gastric cancer cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. In a nude mouse model bearing subcutaneous gastric cancer xenografts, the therapeutic effect of intravenous transfusion of NK cells and intraperitoneal injection of ARL67156 was assessed by measuring the changes in tumor volume. RESULTS (25.97 ± 5.69) % of peripheral blood NK cells from healthy individuals positive for CD39 expression. Treatment with ARL67156 significantly upregulated the activation molecules including NKG2D, DAP10, CD57, and CD16 and reduced the expressions of the inhibitory receptors TIGIT and KIR, thereby promoting the secretion of IFN-γ and CD107a degranulation in NK cells (P < 0.05). In both the in vitro and in vivo experiments, ARL67156 significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of NK cells against gastric cancer cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION ARL67156 activates NK cells through the vav1-Syk signaling pathway to enhance their cytotoxicity against gastric cancer cells, which may serve as a new strategy for NK cell immunotherapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- 英 龚
- 南方医科大学南方医院检验医学科,广东 广州 510515Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 艾丽飞热·艾麦提
- 南方医科大学南方医院检验医学科,广东 广州 510515Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 宗忠 何
- 南部战区总医院输血医学科,广东 广州 510010Department of Transfusion Medicine, Southern Theater Command General Hospital, Guangzhou 510010, China
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Feng L, Zhang PY, Gao W, Yu J, Robson SC. Targeting chemoresistance and mitochondria-dependent metabolic reprogramming in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1244280. [PMID: 37746249 PMCID: PMC10513429 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1244280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance often complicates the management of cancer, as noted in the instance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mitochondrial function is considered important for the viability of AML blasts and appears to also modulate chemoresistance. As mitochondrial metabolism is aberrant in AML, any distinct pathways could be directly targeted to impact both cell viability and chemoresistance. Therefore, identifying and targeting those precise rogue elements of mitochondrial metabolism could be a valid therapeutic strategy in leukemia. Here, we review the evidence for abnormalities in mitochondria metabolic processes in AML cells, that likely impact chemoresistance. We further address several therapeutic approaches targeting isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), CD39, nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT), electron transport chain (ETC) complex in AML and also consider the roles of mesenchymal stromal cells. We propose the term "mitotherapy" to collectively refer to such regimens that attempt to override mitochondria-mediated metabolic reprogramming, as used by cancer cells. Mounting evidence suggests that mitotherapy could provide a complementary strategy to overcome chemoresistance in liquid cancers, as well as in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Philip Y. Zhang
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wenda Gao
- Antagen Institute for Biomedical Research, Canton, MA, United States
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Jia W, Huang Z, Zhou L, Liou YC, Di Virgilio F, Ulrich H, Illes P, Zhang W, Huang C, Tang Y. Purinergic signalling in cancer therapeutic resistance: From mechanisms to targeting strategies. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 70:100988. [PMID: 37413937 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signalling, consisting of extracellular purines and purinergic receptors, modulates cell proliferation, invasion and immunological reaction during cancer progression. Here, we focus on current evidence that suggests the crucial role of purinergic signalling in mediating cancer therapeutic resistance, the major obstacle in cancer treatment. Mechanistically, purinergic signalling can modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and anti-tumor immunity, thus affecting drug sensitivity of tumor cells. Currently, some agents attempting to target purinergic signalling either in tumor cells or in tumor-associated immune cells are under preclinical or clinical investigation. Moreover, nano-based delivery technologies significantly improve the efficacy of agents targeting purinergic signalling. In this review article, we summarize the mechanisms of purinergic signalling in promoting cancer therapeutic resistance and discuss the potentials and challenges of targeting purinergic signalling in future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Jia
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117573, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117573, Singapore
| | | | - Henning Ulrich
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Illes
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitaet Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of TCM-Based Stress Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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Ruiz-Fernández de Córdoba B, Martínez-Monge R, Lecanda F. ENPP1 Immunobiology as a Therapeutic Target. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2184-2193. [PMID: 36719675 PMCID: PMC10261920 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ENPP1 (ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase) participates in the hydrolysis of different purine nucleotides in an array of physiologic processes. However, ENPP1 is frequently overexpressed in local relapses and tumor metastases, which are associated with poor prognosis and survival in a range of solid tumors. ENPP1 promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) by tilting the balance of ATP/adenosine (Ado) in conjunction with other components (CD38, CD39/ENTPD1, and CD73/NT5E). Moreover, ENPP1 intersects with the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), impairing its robust immune response through the hydrolysis of the effector 2´,3´-cyclic GMP-AMP. Thus, ENPP1 blockade emerges as a unique target eliciting immune remodeling and leveraging the STING pathway. Several ENPP1 inhibitors have shown an immunostimulatory effect, and their combination with other therapeutic modalities, such as immune-checkpoint blockade, STING activation, DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors, and radiotherapy (RT), represents a promising avenue to boost antitumor-immune responses and to improve current clinical outcomes in several tumors. This comprehensive review summarizes the current state of the art and opens new perspectives for novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Ruiz-Fernández de Córdoba
- Solid Tumors Program. Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra (CIMA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Rafael Martínez-Monge
- Oncology, Clínica University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- Radiation Oncology, Clínica University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Solid Tumors Program. Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra (CIMA), Navarra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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12
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Liu Y, Li Z, Zhao X, Xiao J, Bi J, Li XY, Chen G, Lu L. Review immune response of targeting CD39 in cancer. Biomark Res 2023; 11:63. [PMID: 37287049 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-adenosine pathway has emerged as a promising target for cancer therapy, but challenges remain in achieving effective tumor control. Early research focused on blocking the adenosine generating enzyme CD73 and the adenosine receptors A2AR or A2BR in cancer. However, recent studies have shown that targeting CD39, the rate-limiting ecto-enzyme of the ATP-adenosine pathway, can provide more profound anti-tumor efficacy by reducing immune-suppressive adenosine accumulation and increasing pro-inflammatory ATP levels. In addition, combining CD39 blocking antibody with PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy may have synergistic anti-tumor effects and improve patient survival. This review will discuss the immune components that respond to CD39 targeting in the tumor microenvironment. Targeting CD39 in cancer has been shown to not only decrease adenosine levels in the tumor microenvironment (TME), but also increase ATP levels. Additionally, targeting CD39 can limit the function of Treg cells, which are known to express high levels of CD39. With phase I clinical trials of CD39 targeting currently underway, further understanding and rational design of this approach for cancer therapy are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhongliang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jiacheng Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian-Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Department of R&D, OriCell Therapeutics Co. Ltd, No.1227, Zhangheng Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guokai Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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13
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Li C, Zhang L, Jin Q, Jiang H, Wu C. CD39 (ENTPD1) in tumors: a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker. Biomark Med 2023; 17:563-576. [PMID: 37713234 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a regulator of the dynamic balance between immune-activated extracellular ATP and immunosuppressive adenosine, CD39 ectonucleotidase impairs the ability of immune cells to exert anticancer immunity and plays an important role in the immune escape of tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment. In addition, CD39 has been studied in cancer patients to evaluate the prognosis, the efficacy of immunotherapy (e.g., PD-1 blockade) and the prediction of recurrence. This article reviews the importance of CD39 in tumor immunology, summarizes the preclinical evidence on targeting CD39 to treat tumors and focuses on the potential of CD39 as a biomarker to evaluate the prognosis and the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Li
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Litian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiqi Jin
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haoyun Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chongyang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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14
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Lin S, Zhang Y, Cao Z, Xu Y, Jin Q, Chen X, Shu X, Lu X, Wang G, Peng Q. Decrease in cell counts and alteration of phenotype characterize peripheral NK cells of patients with anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 543:117321. [PMID: 37019328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the levels and phenotypes of peripheral natural killer (NK) cells in anti-MDA5+ dermatomyositis (DM) patients, and their association with clinical features. METHODS Peripheral NK cell counts (NKCCs) were retrospectively collected from 497 patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and 60 healthy controls. Multi-color flow cytometry was used to determine the NK cell phenotype in additional 48 DM patients and 26 healthy controls. The association of NKCC and NK cell phenotypes with the clinical features and prognosis were analyzed in anti-MDA5+ DM patients. RESULTS NKCC was significantly lower in anti-MDA5+ DM patients than in those with other IIM subtypes and healthy controls. A significant decrease in NKCC was associated with disease activity. Furthermore, NKCC < 27 cells/μL was an independent risk factor for 6-month mortality in anti-MDA5+ DM patients. In addition, identification of the functional phenotype of NK cells revealed significantly increased expression of the inhibitory marker CD39 in CD56brightCD16dimNK cells of anti-MDA5+ DM patients. CD39+NK cells of anti-MDA5+ DM patients showed increased expression of NKG2A, NKG2D, Ki-67, decreased expression of Tim-3, LAG-3, CD25, CD107a, and reduced TNF-α production. CONCLUSION Decreased cell counts and inhibitory phenotype are significant characteristics of peripheral NK cells in anti-MDA5+ DM patients.
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15
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Kowash RR, Akbay EA. Tumor intrinsic and extrinsic functions of CD73 and the adenosine pathway in lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130358. [PMID: 37033953 PMCID: PMC10079876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenosine pathway is an exciting new target in the field of cancer immunotherapy. CD73 is the main producer of extracellular adenosine. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has one of the highest CD73 expression signatures among all cancer types and the presence of common oncogenic drivers of NSCLC, such as mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and KRAS, correlate with increased CD73 expression. Current immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies only benefit a subset of patients, and it has proved challenging to understand which patients might respond even with the current understanding of predictive biomarkers. The adenosine pathway is well known to disrupt cytotoxic function of T cells, which is currently the main target of most clinical agents. Data thus far suggests that combining ICB therapies already in the clinic with adenosine pathway inhibitors provides promise for the treatment of lung cancer. However, antigen loss or lack of good antigens limits efficacy of ICB; simultaneous activation of other cytotoxic immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells can be explored in these tumors. Clinical trials harnessing both T and NK cell activating treatments are still in their early stages with results expected in the coming years. In this review we provide an overview of new literature on the adenosine pathway and specifically CD73. CD73 is thought of mainly for its role as an immune modulator, however recent studies have demonstrated the tumor cell intrinsic properties of CD73 are potentially as important as its role in immune suppression. We also highlight the current understanding of this pathway in lung cancer, outline ongoing studies examining therapies in combination with adenosine pathway targeting, and discuss future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R. Kowash
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Esra A. Akbay
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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16
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Vignali PDA, DePeaux K, Watson MJ, Ye C, Ford BR, Lontos K, McGaa NK, Scharping NE, Menk AV, Robson SC, Poholek AC, Rivadeneira DB, Delgoffe GM. Hypoxia drives CD39-dependent suppressor function in exhausted T cells to limit antitumor immunity. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:267-279. [PMID: 36543958 PMCID: PMC10402660 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are critical for elimination of cancer cells. Factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can drive these cells to a hypofunctional state known as exhaustion. The most terminally exhausted T (tTex) cells are resistant to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy and might instead limit immunotherapeutic efficacy. Here we show that intratumoral CD8+ tTex cells possess transcriptional features of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and are similarly capable of directly suppressing T cell proliferation ex vivo. tTex cell suppression requires CD39, which generates immunosuppressive adenosine. Restricted deletion of CD39 in endogenous CD8+ T cells resulted in slowed tumor progression, improved immunotherapy responsiveness and enhanced infiltration of transferred tumor-specific T cells. CD39 is induced on tTex cells by tumor hypoxia, thus mitigation of hypoxia limits tTex suppression. Together, these data suggest tTex cells are an important regulatory population in cancer and strategies to limit their generation, reprogram their immunosuppressive state or remove them from the TME might potentiate immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo D A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristin DePeaux
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - McLane J Watson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chenxian Ye
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B Rhodes Ford
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Lontos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicole K McGaa
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicole E Scharping
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley V Menk
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dayana B Rivadeneira
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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17
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Dutta S, Ganguly A, Chatterjee K, Spada S, Mukherjee S. Targets of Immune Escape Mechanisms in Cancer: Basis for Development and Evolution of Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020218. [PMID: 36829496 PMCID: PMC9952779 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has emerged as a novel therapeutic tool for cancer therapy in the last decade. Unfortunately, a small number of patients benefit from approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, multiple studies are being conducted to find new ICIs and combination strategies to improve the current ICIs. In this review, we discuss some approved immune checkpoints, such as PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4, and also highlight newer emerging ICIs. For instance, HLA-E, overexpressed by tumor cells, represents an immune-suppressive feature by binding CD94/NKG2A, on NK and T cells. NKG2A blockade recruits CD8+ T cells and activates NK cells to decrease the tumor burden. NKG2D acts as an NK cell activating receptor that can also be a potential ICI. The adenosine A2A and A2B receptors, CD47-SIRPα, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, and VISTA are targets that also contribute to cancer immunoresistance and have been considered for clinical trials. Their antitumor immunosuppressive functions can be used to develop blocking antibodies. PARPs, mARTs, and B7-H3 are also other potential targets for immunosuppression. Additionally, miRNA, mRNA, and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated immunotherapeutic approaches are being investigated with great interest. Pre-clinical and clinical studies project these targets as potential immunotherapeutic candidates in different cancer types for their robust antitumor modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Dutta
- The Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology (CITI), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, India
| | | | - Sheila Spada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sumit Mukherjee
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.M.)
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18
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Kang G, Zhao X, Sun J, Cheng C, Wang C, Tao L, Zong L, Yin W, Cong J, Li J, Wang X. A2AR limits IL-15-induced generation of CD39 + NK cells with high cytotoxicity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109567. [PMID: 36529024 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CD39-mediated inhibition of natural killer (NK) cell activity has been demonstrated, but the characteristics of CD39+ NK cells in humans are not known. We investigated the characteristics of human circulating CD39+ NK cells. In healthy donors, the proportion of circulating CD39+ NK cells in total NK cells was relatively low compared with that of CD39- NK cells. Nonetheless, a higher proportion of CD39+ NK cells expressed CD107a. Similarly, a higher proportion of CD39+ NK cells expressed CD107a in patients with hepatitis B virus or patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Stimulation with NK-sensitive K562 cells or interleukin (IL)-12/IL-18 activated CD39+ NK cells to express higher levels of CD107a, IFN-γ and TNF-α, relative to CD39- NK cells. Importantly, IL-15 induced the generation of CD39+ NK cells. In contrast, A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) ligation suppressed the generation of CD39+ NK cells by inhibiting IL-15 signaling. These data for the first time demonstrated that A2AR counteracts IL-15-induced generation of human CD39+ NK cells, which have a stronger cytotoxicity than CD39- NK cells. IL-15-induced human CD39+ NK cells might be better choice for immunotherapy based on adoptive transfer of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xueqin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiafeng Sun
- Dental Department, Health Service Center, Jianghai Community, Guangyi Street, Liangxi District, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Longxiang Tao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lu Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wenwei Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Cong
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Xuefu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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19
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Bahmanyar M, Vakil MK, Al-Awsi GRL, Kouhpayeh SA, Mansoori Y, Mansoori B, Moravej A, Mazarzaei A, Ghasemian A. Anticancer traits of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)-Natural Killer (NK) cells as novel approaches for melanoma treatment. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1220. [PMID: 36434591 PMCID: PMC9701052 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to non-responsiveness of a high number of patients to the common melanoma therapies, seeking novel approaches seem as an unmet requirement. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells were initially employed against recurrent or refractory B cell malignancies. However, advanced stages or pretreated patients have insufficient T cells (lymphopenia) amount for collection and clinical application. Additionally, this process is time-consuming and logistically cumbersome. Another limitation of this approach is toxicity and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) progress and neurotoxicity syndrome (NS). Natural killer (NK) cells are a versatile component of the innate immunity and have several advantages over T cells in the application for therapies such as availability, unique biological features, safety profile, cost effectiveness and higher tissue residence. Additionally, CAR NK cells do not develop Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and are independent of host HLA genotype. Notably, the NK cells number and activity is affected in the tumor microenvironment (TME), paving the way for developing novel approaches by enhancing their maturation and functionality. The CAR NK cells short lifespan is a double edge sword declining toxicity and reducing their persistence. Bispecific and Trispecific Killer Cell Engagers (BiKE and Trike, respectively) are emerging and promising immunotherapies for efficient antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). CAR NK cells have some limitations in terms of expanding and transducing NK cells from donors to achieve clinical response. Clinical trials are in scarcity regarding the CAR NK cell-based cancer therapies. The CAR NK cells short life span following irradiation before infusion limits their efficiency inhibiting their in vivo expansion. The CAR NK cells efficacy enhancement in terms of lifespan TME preparation and stability is a goal for melanoma treatment. Combination therapies using CAR NK cells and chemotherapy can also overcome therapy limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bahmanyar
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Vakil
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Amin Kouhpayeh
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Behnam Mansoori
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Moravej
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Abdulbaset Mazarzaei
- grid.512728.b0000 0004 5907 6819Department of Immunology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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20
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Liu L, Hou Y, Deng C, Tao Z, Chen Z, Hu J, Chen K. Single cell sequencing reveals that CD39 inhibition mediates changes to the tumor microenvironment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6740. [PMID: 36347860 PMCID: PMC9643495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing technologies have noteworthily improved our understanding of the genetic map and molecular characteristics of bladder cancer (BC). Here we identify CD39 as a potential therapeutic target for BC via single-cell transcriptome analysis. In a subcutaneous tumor model and orthotopic bladder cancer model, inhibition of CD39 (CD39i) by sodium polyoxotungstate is able to limit the growth of BC and improve the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice. Via single cell RNA sequencing, we find that CD39i increase the intratumor NK cells, conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) and CD8 + T cells and decrease the Treg abundance. The antitumor effect and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment are blockaded in both the NK cells depletion model and the cDC1-deficient Batf3-/- model. In addition, a significant synergistic effect is observed between CD39i and cisplatin, but the CD39i + anti-PD-L1 (or anti-PD1) strategy does not show any synergistic effects in the BC model. Our results confirm that CD39 is a potential target for the immune therapy of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxin Hou
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changqi Deng
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Radiation Oncology and Cyberknife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyi Hu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Chen
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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21
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Tong L, Jiménez-Cortegana C, Tay AH, Wickström S, Galluzzi L, Lundqvist A. NK cells and solid tumors: therapeutic potential and persisting obstacles. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:206. [PMID: 36319998 PMCID: PMC9623927 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, which are innate lymphocytes endowed with potent cytotoxic activity, have recently attracted attention as potential anticancer therapeutics. While NK cells mediate encouraging responses in patients with leukemia, the therapeutic effects of NK cell infusion in patients with solid tumors are limited. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that the efficacy of NK cell infusion against solid malignancies is hampered by several factors including inadequate tumor infiltration and persistence/activation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). A number of metabolic features of the TME including hypoxia as well as elevated levels of adenosine, reactive oxygen species, and prostaglandins negatively affect NK cell activity. Moreover, cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells actively suppress NK cell-dependent anticancer immunity. Here, we review the metabolic and cellular barriers that inhibit NK cells in solid neoplasms as we discuss potential strategies to circumvent such obstacles towards superior therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tong
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA ,grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Apple H.M. Tay
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Department of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stina Wickström
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XCaryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Immunoregulatory signal networks and tumor immune evasion mechanisms: insights into therapeutic targets and agents in clinical development. Biochem J 2022; 479:2219-2260. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Through activation of immune cells, the immune system is responsible for identifying and destroying infected or otherwise damaged cells including tumorigenic cells that can be recognized as foreign, thus maintaining homeostasis. However, tumor cells have evolved several mechanisms to avoid immune cell detection and killing, resulting in tumor growth and progression. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor infiltrating immune cells are inactivated by soluble factors or tumor promoting conditions and lose their effects on tumor cells. Analysis of signaling and crosstalk between immune cells and tumor cells have helped us to understand in more detail the mechanisms of tumor immune evasion and this forms basis for drug development strategies in the area of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we will summarize the dominant signaling networks involved in immune escape and describe the status of development of therapeutic strategies to target tumor immune evasion mechanisms with focus on how the tumor microenvironment interacts with T cells.
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23
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Liu Z, Liu X, Shen H, Xu X, Zhao X, Fu R. Adenosinergic axis and immune checkpoint combination therapy in tumor: A new perspective for immunotherapy strategy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:978377. [PMID: 36159861 PMCID: PMC9493240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.978377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two figures and one table in this review, the review consists of 5823 words, without the description of figures and table, but including references. Tumor cells escape anti-tumor immune responses in various ways, including functionally shaping the microenvironment through the secretion of various chemokines and, cytokines. Adenosine is a powerful immunosuppressive metabolite, that is frequently elevated in the extracellular tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, it has recently been proposed as a novel antitumor immunoassay for targeting adenosine- generating enzymes, such as CD39, CD73, and adenosine receptors. In recent years, the discovery of the immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death 1(PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), has also greatly changed treatment methods and ideas for malignant tumors. Malignant tumor immunotherapy has been developed from point-to-point therapy targeting immune checkpoints, combining different points of different pathways to create a therapy based on the macroscopic immune regulatory system network. This article reviews the theoretical basis of the adenosine energy axis and immune checkpoint combined therapy for malignant tumors and the latest advances in malignant tumors.
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24
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Rocconi RP, Stanbery L, Tang M, Madeira da Silva L, Walter A, Monk BJ, Herzog TJ, Coleman RL, Manning L, Wallraven G, Horvath S, Bognar E, Senzer N, Brun S, Nemunaitis J. ENTPD1/CD39 as a predictive marker of treatment response to gemogenovatucel-T as maintenance therapy in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:106. [PMID: 36051466 PMCID: PMC9424215 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Broadened use of predictive molecular and phenotypic profiling amongst oncologists has facilitated optimal integration of targeted- and immuno-therapeutics into clinical care. However, the use of predictive immunomarkers in ovarian cancer (OC) has not consistently translated into clinical benefit. Vigil (gemogenovatucel-T) is a novel plasmid engineered autologous tumor cell immunotherapy designed to knock down the tumor suppressor cytokines, TGFβ1 and TGFβ2, augment local immune function via increased GMCSF expression and enhance presentation of clonal neoantigen epitopes. Methods: All patients enrolled in the VITAL trial (NCT02346747) of maintenance Vigil vs. placebo as front-line therapy with homologous recombination proficient (HRP) stage IIIB-IV newly diagnosed ovarian cancer underwent NanoString gene expression analysis. Tissue was obtained from surgically resected ovarian tumor tissue following surgical debulking. A statistical algorithm was used to analyze the NanoString gene expression data. Results Using the NanoString Statistical Algorithm (NSA), we identify high expression of ENTPD1/CD39 (which functions as the rate-limiting step in the production of the immune suppressor adenosine from ATP to ADP) as a presumptive predictor of response to Vigil versus placebo regardless of HRP status on the basis of relapse free survival (median not achieved vs 8.1 months, p = 0.00007) and overall survival (median not achieved vs 41.4 months, p = 0.013) extension. Conclusion NSA should be considered for application to investigational targeted therapies in order to identify populations most likely to benefit from treatment, in preparation for efficacy conclusive trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney P. Rocconi
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mobile, USA
| | | | - Min Tang
- Stat-Beyond Consulting, Irvine, USA
| | - Luciana Madeira da Silva
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, USA
| | - Adam Walter
- Gradalis, Inc, Carrollton, USA
- Promedica, Toledo, USA
| | - Bradley J. Monk
- Arizona Oncology, (US Oncology Network), University of Arizona, Creighton University, Phoenix, USA
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25
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Guo S, Han F, Zhu W. CD39 - A bright target for cancer immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113066. [PMID: 35550530 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-adenosine pathway functions as a key modulator of innate and adaptive immunity within the tumor microenvironment, and cancer immune evasion largely involves the generation of high amounts of immunosuppressive extracellular adenosine (eADO). Consequently, inhibition of eADO-generating enzymes and/or eADO receptors can effectively restore the antitumor immunity of multiple immune cells. With several clinical strategies currently being explored to modulating the eADO pathway in patients with cancer, recent clinical data with antagonists targeting CD73 and A2A receptor have demonstrated a promising therapeutic potential in cancer. Recent findings reveal that the ectonucleotidase CD39, the limiting enzyme been viewed as "immunological switch", converts ATP-driven pro-inflammatory milieu to an anti-inflammatory state mediated by adenosine. Owing to its superior feature of CD39 antagonism that rely not only on preventing the accumulation of adenosine but also on the stabilization of extracellular ATP to restore antitumor immunity, several inhibitors and clinical trials based on CD39 are being evaluated. Consequently, there is currently a focus on understanding the role of CD39 in governing immunity and how therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway alter the antitumor potential. We herein review the impact of CD39 on tumor microenvironment with a focus on treatment preference. Additionally, we also discuss the implication for rational combination therapies, molecular regulation, as well as potential limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Guo
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengfeng Han
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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26
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Wildner NH, Walker A, Brauneck F, Ditt V, Peine S, Huber S, Haag F, Beisel C, Timm J, Schulze zur Wiesch J. Transcriptional Pattern Analysis of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Hepatitis C Infection: Increased Expression of TOX and Eomesodermin During and After Persistent Antigen Recognition. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886646. [PMID: 35734162 PMCID: PMC9207347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box (TOX) has been described to be a key regulator in the formation of CD8+ T cell exhaustion. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with different lengths of antigen exposure in acute, chronic, and after resolution of HCV infection is the ideal immunological model to study the expression of TOX in HCV-specific CD8+ T cells with different exposure to antigen. HCV-specific CD8+ T cells from 35 HLA-A*01:01, HLA-A*02:01, and HLA-A*24:02 positive patients were analyzed with a 16-color FACS-panel evaluating the surface expression of lineage markers (CD3, CD8), ectoenzymes (CD39, CD73), markers of differentiation (CD45RO, CCR7, CD127), and markers of exhaustion and activation (TIGIT, PD-1, KLRG1, CD226) and transcription factors (TOX, Eomesodermin, T-bet). Here, we defined on-target T cells as T cells against epitopes without escape mutations and off-target T cells as those against a "historical" antigen mutated in the autologous sequence. TOX+HCV-specific CD8+ T cells from patients with chronic HCV and on-target T cells displayed co-expression of Eomesodermin and were associated with the formation of terminally exhausted CD127-PD1hi, CD39hi, CD73low CD8+ T cells. In contrast, TOX+HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in patients with off-target T cells represented a progenitor memory Tex phenotype characterized by CD127hi expression and a CD39low and CD73hi phenotype. TOX+HCV-specified CD8+ T cells in patients with a sustained virologic response were characterized by a memory phenotype (CD127+, CD73hi) and co-expression of immune checkpoints and Eomesodermin, indicating a key structure in priming of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in the chronic stage, which persisted as a residual after therapy. Overall, the occurrence of TOX+HCV-specific CD8+ T cells was revealed at each disease stage, which impacted the development of progenitor Tex, intermediate Tex, and terminally exhausted T cell through an individual molecular footprint. In sum, TOX is induced early during acute infection but is modulated by changes in viral sequence and antigen recognition. In the case of antigen persistence, the interaction with Eomesodermin leads to the formation of terminally exhausted virus-specific CD8+ T cells, and there was a direct correlation of the co-expression of TOX and Eomes and terminally exhausted phenotype of virus-specific CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils H. Wildner
- I. Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Walker
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Brauneck
- II. Department of Medicine, Center for Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Ditt
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Peine
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Beisel
- I. Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Timm
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- I. Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
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Targeting nucleotide metabolism: a promising approach to enhance cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:45. [PMID: 35477416 PMCID: PMC9044757 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting nucleotide metabolism can not only inhibit tumor initiation and progression but also exert serious side effects. With in-depth studies of nucleotide metabolism, our understanding of nucleotide metabolism in tumors has revealed their non-proliferative effects on immune escape, indicating the potential effectiveness of nucleotide antimetabolites for enhancing immunotherapy. A growing body of evidence now supports the concept that targeting nucleotide metabolism can increase the antitumor immune response by (1) activating host immune systems via maintaining the concentrations of several important metabolites, such as adenosine and ATP, (2) promoting immunogenicity caused by increased mutability and genomic instability by disrupting the purine and pyrimidine pool, and (3) releasing nucleoside analogs via microbes to regulate immunity. Therapeutic approaches targeting nucleotide metabolism combined with immunotherapy have achieved exciting success in preclinical animal models. Here, we review how dysregulated nucleotide metabolism can promote tumor growth and interact with the host immune system, and we provide future insights into targeting nucleotide metabolism for immunotherapeutic treatment of various malignancies.
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Abbasi B, Shamsasenjan K, Ahmadi M, Beheshti SA, Saleh M. Mesenchymal stem cells and natural killer cells interaction mechanisms and potential clinical applications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:97. [PMID: 35255980 PMCID: PMC8900412 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells (NK cells) are innate immune cells that are activated to fight tumor cells and virus-infected cells. NK cells also play an important role in the graft versus leukemia response. However, they can over-develop inflammatory reactions by secreting inflammatory cytokines and increasing Th1 differentiation, eventually leading to tissue damage. Today, researchers have attributed some autoimmune diseases and GVHD to NK cells. On the other hand, it has been shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can modulate the activity of NK cells, while some researchers have shown that NK cells can cause MSCs to lysis. Therefore, we considered it is necessary to investigate the effect of these two cells and their signaling pathway in contact with each other, also their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batol Abbasi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Ameneh Beheshti
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahshid Saleh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Scheffel TB, Rockenbach L, Cruz FF, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Scholl JN, Figueiró F, Lenz G, Morrone FB. Inhibition of ATP hydrolysis as a key regulator of temozolomide resistance and migratory phenotype of glioblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 601:24-30. [PMID: 35220010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal among malignant gliomas. The tumor invasiveness and therapy-resistance are important clinical hallmarks. Growing evidence emphasizes the purinergic signaling contributing to tumor growth. Here we exposed a potential role of extracellular ATPase activity as a key regulator of temozolomide cytotoxicity and the migration process in GBM cells. The inhibition of ATP hydrolysis was able to improve the impact of temozolomide, causing arrest mainly in S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, leading M059J and U251 cells to apoptosis. In addition to eradicating GBM cells, ATP hydrolysis exhibited a potential to modulate the invasive phenotype and the expression of proteins involved in cell migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition in a 3D culture model. Finally, we suggest the ATPase activity as a key target to decline temozolomide resistance and the migratory phenotype in GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamiris Becker Scheffel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Liliana Rockenbach
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Cruz
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiza Wilges Kist
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliete Nathali Scholl
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bueno Morrone
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Wu S, Sun R, Tan B, Chen B, Zhou W, Gao DS, Zhong J, Huang H, Jiang J, Lu B. The Half-Life-Extended IL21 can Be Combined With Multiple Checkpoint Inhibitors for Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:779865. [PMID: 34869384 PMCID: PMC8634682 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.779865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of immune checkpoint blockade cancer therapy, cytokines have become an attractive immune therapeutics to increase response rates. Interleukin 21 (IL21) as a single agent has been evaluated for cancer treatment with good clinical efficacy. However, the clinical application of IL21 is limited by a short half-life and concern about potential immune suppressive effect on dendritic cells. Here, we examined the antitumor function of a half-life extended IL21 alone and in combination with PD-1 blockade using preclinical mouse tumor models. We also determined the immune mechanisms of combination therapy. We found that combination therapy additively inhibited the growth of mouse tumors by increasing the effector function of type 1 lymphocytes. Combination therapy also increased the fraction of type 1 dendritic cells (DC1s) and M1 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, combination therapy also induced immune regulatory mechanisms, including the checkpoint molecules Tim-3, Lag-3, and CD39, as well as myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). This study reveals the mechanisms of IL21/PD-1 cooperation and shed light on rational design of novel combination cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxian Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Runzi Sun
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bo Tan
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bendong Chen
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Wenyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David Shihong Gao
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joshua Zhong
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Binfeng Lu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Brauneck F, Seubert E, Wellbrock J, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Duan Y, Magnus T, Bokemeyer C, Koch-Nolte F, Menzel S, Fiedler W. Combined Blockade of TIGIT and CD39 or A2AR Enhances NK-92 Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in AML. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312919. [PMID: 34884723 PMCID: PMC8657570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize different natural killer (NK) cell phenotypes on bone marrow and peripheral blood cells from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and healthy donors (HDs). Our data show that CD56dimCD16− and CD56brightCD16− NK cells represent the predominant NK cell subpopulations in AML, while the CD56dimCD16+ NK cells are significantly reduced compared to HDs. Moreover, TIGIT+ and PVRIG+ cells cluster on the CD56dimCD16+ subset whereas CD39+ and CD38+ cells do so on CD56brightCD16− NK cells in AML. Furthermore, functional effects of (co-)blockade of TIGIT and CD39 or A2AR on NK cell functionality were analyzed. These experiments revealed that the single blockade of the TIGIT receptor results in an increased NK-92 cell-mediated killing of AML cells in vitro. Combined targeting of CD39 or A2AR significantly augments the anti-TIGIT-mediated lysis of AML cells. Our data indicate that distinct NK cell subsets in AML exhibit different immunosuppressive patterns (via the TIGIT/PVRIG receptors and the purinergic pathway). In summary, we conclude that TIGIT, CD39, and A2AR constitute relevant inhibitory checkpoints of NK cells in AML patients. A combinatorial blockade synergistically strengthens NK-92 cell-mediated cytotoxicity. As inhibitors of TIGIT, CD39, and A2AR are clinically available, studies on their combined use could be conducted in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Brauneck
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (C.B.)
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Elisa Seubert
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (C.B.)
| | - Jasmin Wellbrock
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (C.B.)
| | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Yinghui Duan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (Y.D.); (T.M.)
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (Y.D.); (T.M.)
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (C.B.)
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Stephan Menzel
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Walter Fiedler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Arnesen VS, Gras Navarro A, Chekenya M. Challenges and Prospects for Designer T and NK Cells in Glioblastoma Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4986. [PMID: 34638471 PMCID: PMC8507952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent, aggressive primary brain tumour with a dismal prognosis. Treatment at diagnosis has limited efficacy and there is no standardised treatment at recurrence. New, personalised treatment options are under investigation, although challenges persist for heterogenous tumours such as GBM. Gene editing technologies are a game changer, enabling design of novel molecular-immunological treatments to be used in combination with chemoradiation, to achieve long lasting survival benefits for patients. Here, we review the literature on how cutting-edge molecular gene editing technologies can be applied to known and emerging tumour-associated antigens to enhance chimeric antigen receptor T and NK cell therapies for GBM. A tight balance of limiting neurotoxicity, avoiding tumour antigen loss and therapy resistance, while simultaneously promoting long-term persistence of the adoptively transferred cells must be maintained to significantly improve patient survival. We discuss the opportunities and challenges posed by the brain contexture to the administration of the treatments and achieving sustained clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Gras Navarro
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Martha Chekenya
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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Wei Z, Ren F, Gong S, Shi B, Ouyang K, Wu C. A humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD39 with novel mechanism for cancer treatment. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2021.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Allard D, Allard B, Stagg J. On the mechanism of anti-CD39 immune checkpoint therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000186. [PMID: 32098829 PMCID: PMC7057429 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the coming of age of cancer immunotherapy, the search for new therapeutic targets has led to the identification of immunosuppressive adenosine as an important regulator of antitumor immunity. This resulted in the development of selective inhibitors targeting various components of the adenosinergic pathway, including small molecules antagonists targeting the high affinity A2A adenosine receptor and low affinity A2B receptor, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecules targeting CD73 and therapeutic mAbs targeting CD39. As each regulator of the adenosinergic pathway present non-overlapping biologic functions, a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of each targeted approach should accelerate clinical translation and improve rational design of combination treatments. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms-of-action of anti-CD39 cancer therapy and potential toxicities that may emerge from sustained CD39 inhibition. Caution should be taken, however, in extrapolating data from gene-targeted mice to patients treated with blocking anti-CD39 agents. As phase I clinical trials are now underway, further insights into the mechanism of action and potential adverse events associated with anti-CD39 therapy are anticipated in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Allard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Allard
- Institut du Cancer de Montreal, Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Stagg
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,Institut du Cancer de Montreal, Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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High CD39 expression is associated with the non-muscle-invasive phenotype of human bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1580-1586. [PMID: 34381563 PMCID: PMC8351603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An accurate prediction of progression is critical to define the management of bladder cancer (BC). The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 play strategic roles in calibrating purinergic signals via an extracellular balance between ATP and adenosine. The altered expression of these enzymes plays a potential role in tumor invasion and metastasis, therefore, has been proposed to be used for prognosis of solid tumor. In BC this is not yet clear. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate CD39 and CD73 expression in a cohort of patients with non-muscle-invasive (NMI) and muscle-invasive (MI) BC regard to its association with clinicopathological features. Materials and Methods: Retrospective clinical follow-up data and primary urothelial BC specimens of 162 patients were used (87 from patients who underwent transurethral resection and 75 from cystectomized patients). Tissue microarrays were constructed, and immunohistochemistry for CD39 and CD73 was performed to make associations with clinicopathological data. Results: Overall, 96 were NMI (59.3%) and 66 MI (40.7%). CD39 immunoreactivity in BC cells was found in 72% of the cases, while CD73 was found in 97%. High CD39 expression alone was more frequent in NMI BC (p < 0.001), while CD73 expression was not powerful to predict the stage of BC. The association of both markers confirmed that only CD39 has potential in BC prognosis. Conclusions: The altered expression of CD39 presented herein supports the idea that this ectonucleotidase may be involved in bladder tumorigenesis. High expression of CD39 in tumor cells is correlated with the early stage of BC.
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Mandapathil M, Szczepanski MJ, Jackson EK, Lang S, Whiteside TL. Breast Cancer Cell-Derived Adenosine Enhances Generation and Suppressor Function of Human Adaptive Regulatory T Cells. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080754. [PMID: 34442398 PMCID: PMC8401826 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adaptive regulatory T cells (Tr1) are induced in the periphery by environmental stimuli. CD73 expression and adenosine (ADO) production by tumor cells may influence Tr1 generation and their immunosuppressive activity. Material and Methods: Tr1 were generated in co-cultures of CD4+CD25neg T cells, autologous immature dendritic cells (iDC), and irradiated ADO-producing CD73+ or non-producing CD73neg breast cancer (BrCa) cell lines (TU). The expression of ectonucleotidases and other surface markers on Tr1 was determined by flow cytometry. Tr1-mediated suppression of proliferation was evaluated in CFSE-based assays. Luciferase-based ATP detection assays and mass spectrometry were used to measure ATP hydrolysis and ADO levels. Cytokine levels were measured by ELISA or Luminex. CD73 expression on tumor cells or T cells in TU tissues was assessed by immunofluorescence. Results: CD73+ TU induced higher numbers of Tr1 cells (p < 0.01) than CD73neg TU. Tr1TU73+ hydrolyzed more exogenous ATP, produced more ADO, and mediated higher suppression than Tr1TU73neg (p < 0.05 for all). ARL67156, an ectonucleotidase inhibitor, and ZM241385, A2A receptor antagonist, reduced suppression of proliferation mediated by Tr1TU73+ cells (p < 0.01). Basal-like primary BrCa cells expressed higher levels of ectonucleotidases and induced more Tr1 than less aggressive primary luminal-like BrCa. Conclusion: BrCa producing ADO (CD73+ TU) favor the induction of Tr1, which expresses CD39 and CD73, hydrolyzes ATP to ADO, and effectively suppresses anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magis Mandapathil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, 20099 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Philipps University of Marburg, 35033 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-18-18-854144; Fax: +49-40-18-18-852237
| | | | - Edwin K. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Theresa L. Whiteside
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
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CD39 Regulation and Functions in T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158068. [PMID: 34360833 PMCID: PMC8348030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD39 is an enzyme which is responsible, together with CD73, for a cascade converting adenosine triphosphate into adenosine diphosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ultimately leading to the release of an immunosuppressive form of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we first review the environmental and genetic factors shaping CD39 expression. Second, we report CD39 functions in the T cell compartment, highlighting its role in regulatory T cells, conventional CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Finally, we compile a list of studies, from preclinical models to clinical trials, which have made essential contributions to the discovery of novel combinatorial approaches in the treatment of cancer.
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Brauneck F, Haag F, Woost R, Wildner N, Tolosa E, Rissiek A, Vohwinkel G, Wellbrock J, Bokemeyer C, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Ackermann C, Fiedler W. Increased frequency of TIGIT +CD73-CD8 + T cells with a TOX + TCF-1low profile in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed AML. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1930391. [PMID: 34211801 PMCID: PMC8218695 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1930391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory receptor TIGIT, as well as theectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 constitute potential exhaustion markers for T cells. Detailed analysis of these markers can shed light into dysregulation of the T-cell response in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and will help to identify potential therapeutic targets. The phenotype and expression of transcription factors was assessed on different T-cell populations derived from peripheral blood (PB, n = 38) and bone marrow (BM, n = 43). PB and BM from patients with AML diagnosis, in remission and at relapse were compared with PB from healthy volunteers (HD) (n = 12) using multiparameter flow cytometry. An increased frequency of terminally differentiated (CD45R-CCR7-)CD8+ T cells was detected in PB and BM regardless of the disease state. Moreover, we detected an increased frequency of two distinct T-cell populations characterized by the co-expression of PD-1 or CD39 on TIGIT+CD73-CD8+ T cells in newly diagnosed and relapsed AML in comparison to HDs. In contrast to the PD-1+TIGIT+CD73-CD8+ T-cell population, the frequency of CD39+TIGIT+CD73-CD8+ T cells was normalized in remission. PD-1+- and CD39+TIGIT+CD73-CD8+ T cells exhibited additional features of exhaustion by decreased expression of CD127 and TCF-1 and increased intracellular expression of the transcription factor TOX. CD8+ T cells in AML exhibit a key signature of two subpopulations, PD-1+TOX+TIGIT+CD73-CD8+- and CD39+TOX+TIGIT+CD73-CD8+ T cells that were increased at different stages of the disease. These results provide a rationale to analyze TIGIT blockade in combination with inhibition of the purinergic signaling and depletion of TOX to improve T-cell mediated cytotoxicity in AML. Abbreviations: AML: Acute myeloid leukemia; pAML: newly diagnosed AML; rAML: relapse AML; lrAML: AML in remission; HD: healthy donor; PB: peripheral blood; BM: bone marrow; TIGIT: T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains; PD-1: Programmed cell death protein 1; CD73: ecto-5'-nucleotidase; CD39: ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; ADO: adenosine; CD127: interleukin-7 receptor; CAR-T cell: chimeric antigen receptor T cell; TCF-1: transcription factor T-cell factor 1; TOX: Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein; NFAT: nuclear factor of activated T cells; NA: Naïve; CM: Central Memory; EM Effector Memory; EMRA: Terminal Effector Memory cells; FMO: Fluorescence minus one; PVR: poliovirus receptor; PVRL2: poliovirus receptor-related 2; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ; IL-2: interleukin-2; MCF: multiparametric flow cytometry; TNFα: Tumornekrosefaktor α; RT: room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Brauneck
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Woost
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Wildner
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Tolosa
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Rissiek
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Vohwinkel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Wellbrock
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Schulze Zur Wiesch
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Ackermann
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Fiedler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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39
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Kähkönen TE, Halleen JM, Bernoulli J. Osteoimmuno-Oncology: Therapeutic Opportunities for Targeting Immune Cells in Bone Metastasis. Cells 2021; 10:1529. [PMID: 34204474 PMCID: PMC8233913 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies provide a potential treatment option for currently incurable bone metastases. Bone marrow is an important secondary lymphoid organ with a unique immune contexture. Even at non-disease state immune cells and bone cells interact with each other, bone cells supporting the development of immune cells and immune cells regulating bone turnover. In cancer, tumor cells interfere with this homeostatic process starting from formation of pre-metastatic niche and later supporting growth of bone metastases. In this review, we introduce a novel concept osteoimmuno-oncology (OIO), which refers to interactions between bone, immune and tumor cells in bone metastatic microenvironment. We also discuss therapeutic opportunities of targeting immune cells in bone metastases, and associated efficacy and safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jenni Bernoulli
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland;
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40
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Battastini AMO, Figueiró F, Leal DBR, Doleski PH, Schetinger MRC. CD39 and CD73 as Promising Therapeutic Targets: What Could Be the Limitations? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:633603. [PMID: 33815115 PMCID: PMC8014611 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.633603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabricio Figueiró
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Henrique Doleski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Rakova J, Truxova I, Holicek P, Salek C, Hensler M, Kasikova L, Pasulka J, Holubova M, Kovar M, Lysak D, Kline JP, Racil Z, Galluzzi L, Spisek R, Fucikova J. TIM-3 levels correlate with enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity and improved clinical outcome in AML patients. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1889822. [PMID: 33758676 PMCID: PMC7946028 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1889822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can restore CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) functions in preclinical models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, ICIs targeting programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, best known as PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) have limited clinical efficacy in patients with AML. Natural killer (NK) cells are central players in AML-targeting immune responses. However, little is known on the relationship between co-inhibitory receptors expressed by NK cells and the ability of the latter to control AML. Here, we show that hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2, best known as TIM-3) is highly expressed by NK cells from AML patients, correlating with improved functional licensing and superior effector functions. Altogether, our data indicate that NK cell frequency as well as TIM-3 expression levels constitute prognostically relevant biomarkers of active immunity against AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Holicek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cyril Salek
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Hematology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Monika Holubova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kovar
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Lysak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Justin P. Kline
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zdenek Racil
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Hematology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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42
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Relapsed multiple myeloma demonstrates distinct patterns of immune microenvironment and malignant cell-mediated immunosuppression. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:45. [PMID: 33649314 PMCID: PMC7921408 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shown efficacy in relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). However, these therapies may depend on a functional tumor immune microenvironment (iTME) for their efficacy. Characterizing the evolution of the iTME over the disease course is necessary to optimize the timing of immunotherapies. We performed mass cytometry, cytokine analysis, and RNA sequencing on bone marrow samples from 39 (13 newly diagnosed [NDMM], 11 relapsed pre-daratumumab exposure [RMM], and 13 triple-refractory [TRMM]) MM patients. Three distinct cellular iTME clusters were identified; cluster 1 comprised mainly of NDMM and RMM patients; and clusters 2 and 3 comprised primarily of TRMM patients. We showed that naive T cells were decreased in clusters 2 and 3, cluster 2 was characterized by increased senescent T cells, and cluster 3 by decreased early memory T cells. Plasma cells in clusters 2 and 3 upregulated E2F transcription factors and MYC proliferation pathways, and downregulated interferon, TGF-beta, interleuking-6, and TNF-αlpha signaling pathways compared to cluster 1. This study suggests that the MM iTME becomes increasingly dysfunctional with therapy whereas the MM clone may be less dependent on inflammation-mediated growth pathways and less sensitive to IFN-mediated immunosurveillance. Our findings may explain the decreased sensitivity of TRMM patients to novel immunotherapies.
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43
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Giuliani AL, Sarti AC, Di Virgilio F. Ectonucleotidases in Acute and Chronic Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:619458. [PMID: 33613285 PMCID: PMC7887318 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.619458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleotidases are extracellular enzymes with a pivotal role in inflammation that hydrolyse extracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, e.g., ATP, UTP, ADP, UDP, AMP and NAD+. Ectonucleotidases, expressed by virtually all cell types, immune cells included, either as plasma membrane-associated or secreted enzymes, are classified into four main families: 1) nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases), 2) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase (NAD glycohydrolase/ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1), 3) ecto-5′-nucleotidase (NT5E), and 4) ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs). Concentration of ATP, UTP and NAD+ can be increased in the extracellular space thanks to un-regulated, e.g., cell damage or cell death, or regulated processes. Regulated processes include secretory exocytosis, connexin or pannexin hemichannels, ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, calcium homeostasis modulator (CALMH) channels, the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor, maxi-anion channels (MACs) and volume regulated ion channels (VRACs). Hydrolysis of extracellular purine nucleotides generates adenosine, an important immunosuppressant. Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides initiate or dampen inflammation via P2 and P1 receptors, respectively. All these agents, depending on their level of expression or activation and on the agonist concentration, are potent modulators of inflammation and key promoters of host defences, immune cells activation, pathogen clearance, tissue repair and regeneration. Thus, their knowledge is of great importance for a full understanding of the pathophysiology of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. A selection of these pathologies will be briefly discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Giuliani
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alba Clara Sarti
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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44
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Immuno-Metabolism: The Role of Cancer Niche in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031258. [PMID: 33514004 PMCID: PMC7865434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in treating cancer has revolutionized the approach to eradicate cancer cells by reactivating immune responses. However, only a subset of patients benefits from this treatment; the majority remains unresponsive or develops resistance to ICI therapy. Increasing evidence suggests that metabolic machinery in the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a role in the development of ICI resistance. Within the TME, nutrients and oxygen are scarce, forcing immune cells to undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to harsh conditions. Cancer-induced metabolic deregulation in immune cells can attenuate their anti-cancer properties, but can also increase their immunosuppressive properties. Therefore, targeting metabolic pathways of immune cells in the TME may strengthen the efficacy of ICIs and prevent ICI resistance. In this review, we discuss the interactions of immune cells and metabolic alterations in the TME. We also discuss current therapies targeting cellular metabolism in combination with ICIs for the treatment of cancer, and provide possible mechanisms behind the cellular metabolic rewiring that may improve clinical outcomes.
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45
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Corominas J, Sapena V, Sanduzzi-Zamparelli M, Millán C, Samper E, Llarch N, Iserte G, Torres F, Da Fonseca LG, Muñoz-Martínez S, Forner A, Bruix J, Boix L, Reig M. Activated Lymphocytes and Increased Risk of Dermatologic Adverse Events during Sorafenib Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030426. [PMID: 33498698 PMCID: PMC7865624 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Of those advanced-stage patients who are treated with sorafenib, those who develop early dermatologic adverse events have a better prognosis. These events are possibly immune-related. Therefore, we analyzed the phenotype of 52 sorafenib-treated patients’ circulating lymphocytes throughout treatment. We found that different co-stimulatory and immune exhaustion markers, such as Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1) amongst others, correlate with the probability of developing these adverse events, both before and during the treatment. We also compared the phenotype of those lymphocytes expressing DNAM-1 with those that do not, and while NK DNAM-1-expressing cells have a co-stimulatory phenotype, T DNAM-1-expressing cells are immune-suppressors. Overall, we set a rationale for the combination of sorafenib and immune-targeted therapies; and for the use of immune markers (such as DNAM-1) for patients’ prognosis evaluation. Abstract Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with sorafenib who develop early dermatologic adverse events (eDAEs) have a better prognosis. This may be linked to immune mechanisms, and thus, it is relevant to assess the association between peripheral immunity and the probability of developing eDAEs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 52 HCC patients treated with sorafenib were analyzed at baseline and throughout the first eight weeks of therapy. T, B, Natural Killer cells, and their immune checkpoints expression data were characterized by flow cytometry. Cytokine release and immune-suppression assays were carried out ex vivo. Cox baseline and time-dependent regression models were applied to evaluate the probability of increased risk of eDAEs. DNAM-1, PD-1, CD69, and LAG-3 in T cells, plus CD16 and LAG-3 in NK cells, are significantly associated with the probability of developing eDAEs. While NK DNAM-1+ cells express activation markers, T DNAM-1+ cells induce immune suppression and show immune exhaustion. This is the first study to report an association between immune checkpoints expression in circulating immune cells and the increased incidence of eDAEs. Our results support the hypothesis for an off-target role of sorafenib in immune modulation. We also describe a novel association between DNAM-1 and immune exhaustion in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Corominas
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (V.S.); (M.S.-Z.); (C.M.); (E.S.); (N.L.); (G.I.); (L.G.D.F.); (S.M.-M.); (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Sapena
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (V.S.); (M.S.-Z.); (C.M.); (E.S.); (N.L.); (G.I.); (L.G.D.F.); (S.M.-M.); (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Sanduzzi-Zamparelli
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (V.S.); (M.S.-Z.); (C.M.); (E.S.); (N.L.); (G.I.); (L.G.D.F.); (S.M.-M.); (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Millán
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (V.S.); (M.S.-Z.); (C.M.); (E.S.); (N.L.); (G.I.); (L.G.D.F.); (S.M.-M.); (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Samper
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (V.S.); (M.S.-Z.); (C.M.); (E.S.); (N.L.); (G.I.); (L.G.D.F.); (S.M.-M.); (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Llarch
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (V.S.); (M.S.-Z.); (C.M.); (E.S.); (N.L.); (G.I.); (L.G.D.F.); (S.M.-M.); (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Iserte
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (V.S.); (M.S.-Z.); (C.M.); (E.S.); (N.L.); (G.I.); (L.G.D.F.); (S.M.-M.); (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferràn Torres
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Span;
- Medical Statistics Core Facility, Clinical Pharmacology Department, IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo G. Da Fonseca
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (V.S.); (M.S.-Z.); (C.M.); (E.S.); (N.L.); (G.I.); (L.G.D.F.); (S.M.-M.); (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Muñoz-Martínez
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (V.S.); (M.S.-Z.); (C.M.); (E.S.); (N.L.); (G.I.); (L.G.D.F.); (S.M.-M.); (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Forner
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (V.S.); (M.S.-Z.); (C.M.); (E.S.); (N.L.); (G.I.); (L.G.D.F.); (S.M.-M.); (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bruix
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (V.S.); (M.S.-Z.); (C.M.); (E.S.); (N.L.); (G.I.); (L.G.D.F.); (S.M.-M.); (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28028 Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Boix
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (V.S.); (M.S.-Z.); (C.M.); (E.S.); (N.L.); (G.I.); (L.G.D.F.); (S.M.-M.); (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28028 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (M.R.)
| | - María Reig
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (V.S.); (M.S.-Z.); (C.M.); (E.S.); (N.L.); (G.I.); (L.G.D.F.); (S.M.-M.); (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28028 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (M.R.)
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Schwane V, Huynh-Tran VH, Vollmers S, Yakup VM, Sauter J, Schmidt AH, Peine S, Altfeld M, Richert L, Körner C. Distinct Signatures in the Receptor Repertoire Discriminate CD56bright and CD56dim Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568927. [PMID: 33335526 PMCID: PMC7736243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells are phenotypically and functionally diverse lymphocytes due to variegated expression of a large array of receptors. NK-cell activity is tightly regulated through integration of receptor-derived inhibitory and activating signals. Thus, the receptor profile of each NK cell ultimately determines its ability to sense aberrant cells and subsequently mediate anti-viral or anti-tumor responses. However, an in-depth understanding of how different receptor repertoires enable distinct immune functions of NK cells is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the phenotypic diversity of primary human NK cells by performing extensive phenotypic characterization of 338 surface molecules using flow cytometry (n = 18). Our results showed that NK cells express at least 146 receptors on their surface. Of those, 136 (>90%) exhibited considerable inter-donor variability. Moreover, comparative analysis of CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells identified 70 molecules with differential expression between the two major NK-cell subsets and allowed discrimination of these subsets via unsupervised hierarchical clustering. These receptors were associated with a broad range of NK-cell functions and multiple molecules were not previously associated with predominant expression on either subset (e.g. CD82 and CD147). Altogether, our study contributes to an improved understanding of the phenotypic diversity of NK cells and its potential functional implications on a cellular and population level. While the identified distinct signatures in the receptor repertoires provide a molecular basis for the differential immune functions exerted by CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, the observed inter-individual differences in the receptor repertoire of NK cells may contribute to a diverging ability to control certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Schwane
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Van Hung Huynh-Tran
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219 and Inria, team SISTM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah Vollmers
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vivien Maria Yakup
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander H. Schmidt
- DKMS gemeinnützige GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
- DKMS Life Science Lab, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Peine
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Richert
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219 and Inria, team SISTM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christian Körner
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
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Domagala J, Lachota M, Klopotowska M, Graczyk-Jarzynka A, Domagala A, Zhylko A, Soroczynska K, Winiarska M. The Tumor Microenvironment-A Metabolic Obstacle to NK Cells' Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123542. [PMID: 33260925 PMCID: PMC7761432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells have unique capabilities of recognition and destruction of tumor cells, without the requirement for prior immunization of the host. Maintaining tolerance to healthy cells makes them an attractive therapeutic tool for almost all types of cancer. Unfortunately, metabolic changes associated with malignant transformation and tumor progression lead to immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment, which in turn limits the efficacy of various immunotherapies. In this review, we provide a brief description of the metabolic changes characteristic for the tumor microenvironment. Both tumor and tumor-associated cells produce and secrete factors that directly or indirectly prevent NK cell cytotoxicity. Here, we depict the molecular mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of immune effector cells by metabolic factors. Finally, we summarize the strategies to enhance NK cell function for the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domagala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieszko Lachota
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Klopotowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Graczyk-Jarzynka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Antoni Domagala
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
- Department of Urology, Holy Cross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Andriy Zhylko
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Karolina Soroczynska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-225-992-199
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48
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Gallerano D, Ciminati S, Grimaldi A, Piconese S, Cammarata I, Focaccetti C, Pacella I, Accapezzato D, Lancellotti F, Sacco L, Caronna R, Melaiu O, Fruci D, D'Oria V, Manzi E, Sagnotta A, Parrino C, Coletta D, Peruzzi G, Terenzi V, Battisti A, Cassoni A, Fadda MT, Brozzetti S, Fazzi K, Grazi GL, Valentini V, Chirletti P, Polimeni A, Barnaba V, Timperi E. Genetically driven CD39 expression shapes human tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T-cell functions. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2597-2610. [PMID: 32483858 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In our study, we investigated the role of CD39 on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD8+ TILs) in colorectal, head and neck and pancreatic cancers. Partially confirming recent observations correlating the CD39 expression with T-cell exhaustion, we demonstrated a divergent functional activity in CD39+ CD8+ TILs. On the one hand, CD39+ CD8+ TILs (as compared to their CD39- counterparts) produced significantly lower IFN-γ and IL-2 amounts, expressed higher PD-1, and inversely correlated with perforin and granzyme B expression. On the other, they displayed a significantly higher proliferative capacity ex vivo that was inversely correlated with the PD-1 expression. Therefore, CD39+ CD8+ TILs, including those co-expressing the CD103 (a marker of T resident memory [TRM] cells), were defined as partially dysfunctional T cells that correlate with tumor patients with initial progression stages. Interestingly, our results identified for the first time a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs10748643 A>G), as a genetic factor associated with CD39 expression in CD8+ TILs. Finally, we demonstrated that compounds inhibiting CD39-related ATPases improved CD39+ CD8+ T-cell effector function ex vivo, and that CD39+ CD8+ TILs displayed effective suppression function in vitro. Overall these data suggest that the SNP analysis may represent a suitable predictor of CD39+ CD8+ T-cell expression in cancer patients, and propose the modulation of CD39 as a new strategy to restore partially exhausted CD8+ TILs.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Apyrase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Apyrase/genetics
- Apyrase/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Nivolumab/pharmacology
- Nivolumab/therapeutic use
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Primary Cell Culture
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallerano
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Selina Ciminati
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Grimaldi
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cammarata
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Focaccetti
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pacella
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Accapezzato
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Lancellotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Sacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Caronna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Ombretta Melaiu
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina D'Oria
- Confocal Microscopy, Core Facility, Research Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emy Manzi
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sagnotta
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Parrino
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Coletta
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Terenzi
- Odontostomatogical and Maxillo-facial Sciences Department, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Battisti
- Odontostomatogical and Maxillo-facial Sciences Department, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cassoni
- Odontostomatogical and Maxillo-facial Sciences Department, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fadda
- Odontostomatogical and Maxillo-facial Sciences Department, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Brozzetti
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia "Pietro Valdoni", "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Fazzi
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia "Pietro Valdoni", "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Grazi
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentino Valentini
- Odontostomatogical and Maxillo-facial Sciences Department, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Chirletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Odontostomatogical and Maxillo-facial Sciences Department, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Timperi
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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Wu J, Wang YC, Xu WH, Luo WJ, Wan FN, Zhang HL, Ye DW, Qu YY, Zhu YP. High Expression of CD39 is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltrates in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10453-10464. [PMID: 33116625 PMCID: PMC7569176 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s272553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cell-surface ectonucleotidase CD39 is a key molecule of the immunosuppressive adenosine pathway within the tumor microenvironment. However, the relationship between CD39 and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is rarely reported and still remains unclear. Methods CD39 expression was first analyzed using the Oncomine and the Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER) databases, and then examined in ccRCC patients (n=367) who had undergone radical nephrectomy using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time quantitative PCR analysis (qPCR). The prognosis value of CD39 in ccRCC was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards analysis. Functional and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using transcriptomic data of ccRCC from TCGA. Correlation analysis between CD39 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was performed using the TISIDB database. The impact of CD39 on immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) was evaluated by two public cohorts. Results CD39 mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in tumor tissues from ccRCC patients and aberrant expression of CD39 was associated with advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis in ccRCC patients. EMT, IL-2/STAT5, inflammatory response, interferon gamma and KRAS hallmark gene sets were identified as CD39-related signaling pathway. The expression level of CD39 was significantly and positively correlated with high abundance of the regulatory TILs including NK cells, macrophages, Th cells and Treg cells. CD39 was correlated with expression of several immune checkpoints and higher CD39 expression was associated with better OS of ccRCC patients who received ICT. Conclusion CD39 is a powerful prognostic marker of ccRCC patients. Increased tumor expression of CD39 mRNA is significantly correlated with infiltrating levels of TILs, and better efficacy of ICT to ccRCC. CD39 could be a novel therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Luo
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Ning Wan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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50
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Segovia M, Russo S, Girotti MR, Rabinovich GA, Hill M. Role of inflammasome activation in tumor immunity triggered by immune checkpoint blockers. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 200:155-162. [PMID: 32297328 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockers improve the overall survival of a limited number of patients among different cancers. Identifying pathways that influence the immunological and clinical response to treatment is critical to improve the therapeutic efficacy and predict clinical responses. Recently, a key role has been assigned to innate immune mechanisms in checkpoint blockade-driven anti-tumor responses. However, inflammatory pathways can both improve and impair anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we discuss how different inflammatory pathways, particularly inflammasome activation, can influence the clinical outcome of immune checkpoint blockers. Inflammasome activation may reinforce anti-tumor immunity by boosting CD8+ T cell priming as well as by enhancing T helper type 17 (Th17) responses. In particular, we focus on the modulation of the cation channel transmembrane protein 176B (TMEM176B) and the ectonucleotidase CD39 as potential targets to unleash inflammasome activation leading to reinforced anti-tumor immunity and improved efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers. Future studies should be aimed at investigating the mechanisms and cell subsets involved in inflammasome-driven anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Segovia
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - S Russo
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M R Girotti
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Hill
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
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