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Shieh A, Cen SY, Varghese BA, Hwang D, Lei X, Setayesh A, Siddiqi I, Aron M, Dsouza A, Gill IS, Wallace W, Duddalwar V. Radiomics Correlation to CD68+ Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Oncology 2023; 102:260-270. [PMID: 37699367 DOI: 10.1159/000534078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) being the most frequent histological subtype. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of ccRCC is an important factor to guide treatment, but current assessments are tissue-based, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. In this study, we used radiomics extracted from clinically performed computed tomography (CT) as a noninvasive surrogate for CD68 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), a significant component of ccRCC TIME. METHODS TAM population was measured by CD68+/PanCK+ ratio and tumor-TAM clustering was measured by normalized K function calculated from multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF). A total of 1,076 regions on mIF slides from 78 patients were included. Radiomic features were extracted from multiphase CT of the ccRCC tumor. Statistical machine learning models, including random forest, Adaptive Boosting, and ElasticNet, were used to predict TAM population and tumor-TAM clustering. RESULTS The best models achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.81 (95% CI: [0.69, 0.92]) for TAM population and 0.77 (95% CI: [0.66, 0.88]) for tumor-TAM clustering, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the potential of using CT radiomics-derived imaging markers as a surrogate for assessment of TAM in ccRCC for real-time treatment response monitoring and patient selection for targeted therapies and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Shieh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA,
| | - Steven Y Cen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bino A Varghese
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Darryl Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Lei
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ali Setayesh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Imran Siddiqi
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Manju Aron
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anishka Dsouza
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Inderbir S Gill
- Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William Wallace
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vinay Duddalwar
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Wang MD, Xiang H, Hong TY, Mierxiati A, Yan FH, Zhang L, Wang C. Integrated analysis of intratumoral biomarker and tumor-associated macrophage to improve the prognosis prediction in cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:593. [PMID: 37370037 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of effective and accurate predictive indicators remains a major bottleneck for the improvement of the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) has been widely suggested as a critical pathogenic protein for HBV-driven liver carcinogenesis, while tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration is also closely related to the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC. However, few studies have determined whether combining HBx expression with TAM populations could increase the accuracy of prognostic prediction for HBV-related HCC. METHODS The study cohort enrolling 251 patients with HBV-related HCC was randomly split into a training and a validation group (ratio 1:1). The expression levels of HBx and TAM marker CD68 in HCC samples were detected by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox regression and Harrell's concordance index (C-index) analysis were conducted to evaluate the prognostic significance of these indicators alone or in combination. RESULTS The expression level of HBx was strongly correlated with CD68+ TAM infiltration in HCC tissues. Elevated HBx or CD68 expression indicated poorer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after hepatectomy, and both of them were independent risk factors for postoperative survival. Meanwhile, patients with both high HBx and CD68 levels had worst clinical outcomes. Moreover, integrating HBx and CD68 expression with clinical indicators (tumor size and micro-vascular invasion) showed the best prognostic potential with highest C-index value for survival predictivity, and this proposed model also performed better than several conventional classifications of HCC. CONCLUSION Combining the expression of intratumoral HBx, CD68+ TAM population and clinical variables could enable better prognostication for HBV-related HCC after hepatectomy, thus providing novel insights into developing more effective clinical prediction model based on both molecular phenotypes and tumor-immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Da Wang
- Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Gongli Hospital, Navy Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, 200135, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Tian-Yu Hong
- Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Gongli Hospital, Navy Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Abudurexiti Mierxiati
- Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Gongli Hospital, Navy Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Fei-Hu Yan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, 610000, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Gongli Hospital, Navy Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, 200135, China.
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200135, China.
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Yao W, Liu H, Xu F, Cai Z, Hang L, Lu M, Zhao Y, Yang C, Zong Y. C1QC is a prognostic biomarker with immune-related value in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1109991. [PMID: 36992705 PMCID: PMC10040583 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1109991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a representative histologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC exhibits a strong immunogenicity with a prominent dysfunctional immune infiltration. Complement C1q C chain (C1QC) is a polypeptide in serum complement system and is involved in tumorigenesis and the modulation of tumor microenvironment (TME). However, researches have not explored the effect of C1QC expression on prognosis and tumor immunity of KIRC.Methods: The difference in a wide variety of tumor tissues and normal tissues in terms of the C1QC expression was detected using TIMER and TCGA portal databases, and further validation of protein expression of C1QC was conducted via Human Protein Atlas. Then, the associations of C1QC expression with clinicopathological data and other genes were studied with the use of UALCAN database. Subsequently, the association of C1QC expression with prognosis was predicted by searching the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with the Metascape database was built using STRING software, such that the mechanism underlying the C1QC function can be studied in depth. The TISCH database assisted in the evaluation of C1QC expression in different cell types in KIRC at the single-cell level. Moreover, the association of C1QC and the infiltration level of tumor immune cell was assessed using TIMER platform. The TISIDB website was selected to deeply investigate the Spearman correlation between C1QC and immune-modulator expression. Lastly, how C1QC affected the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro was assessed using knockdown strategies.Results: KIRC tissues had notably upregulated C1QC level in comparison with adjacent normal tissues, with showed a positive relevance to clinicopathological features including tumor stage, grade, and nodal metastasis, and a negative relevance to clinical prognosis in KIRC. C1QC knockdown inhibited KIRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as indicated by the results of the in vitro experiment. Furthermore, functional and pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that C1QC was involved in immune system-related biological processes. According to single-cell RNA analysis, C1QC exhibited a specific upregulation in macrophages cluster. Additionally, there was an obvious association of C1QC and a wide variety of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in KIRC. Also, high C1QC expression presented inconsistent prognosis in different enriched immune cells subgroups in KIRC. Immune factors might contribute to C1QC function in KIRC.Conclusion: C1QC is qualified to predict KIRC prognosis and immune infiltration biologically. Targeting C1QC may bring new hope for the treatment of KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yao
- Department of Urology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Hanyuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Urology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Department of Urology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijing Hang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingya Lu
- Department of Urology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Chendi Yang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chendi Yang, ; Yang Zong,
| | - Yang Zong
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chendi Yang, ; Yang Zong,
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Integration of OV6 expression and CD68 + tumor-associated macrophages with clinical features better predicts the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2022; 25:101509. [PMID: 36030750 PMCID: PMC9428913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable prognostic indicators for accurately predicting postoperative outcomes in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are lacking. Although cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor microenvironment are implicated in the occurrence and development of HCC, whether the combination of CSC biomarkers and TAM populations could achieve better performance in predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC has been rarely reported. METHODS A total of 306 HCC patients were randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts at a 1:1 ratio, and the expression of OV6 and CD68 was assessed using immunohistochemistry in HCC samples. The prognostic value of these biomarkers for post-surgical survival and recurrence were evaluated by the curve of receiver operating characteristic and multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS The density of OV6+ CSCs was positively correlated with the infiltration of CD68+ TAMs in HCC. Both high OV6 expression and CD68+ TAM infiltration was closely associated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of HCC patients. Moreover, overexpression of OV6 and infiltration of CD68+ TAMs were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS after liver resection. The integration of OV6 and CD68 with tumor size and microvascular invasion exhibited highest C-index value for survival predictivity in HCC patients than any other biomarkers or clinical indicators alone. CONCLUSION Incorporating intratumoral OV6 expression and CD68+ TAMs infiltration with established clinical indicators may serve as a promising prognostic signature for HCC, and could more accurately predict the clinical outcomes for HCC patients after liver resection.
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Wang C, Dong K, Wang Y, Peng G, Song X, Yu Y, Shen P, Cui X. Integrating HECW1 expression into the clinical indicators exhibits high accuracy in assessing the prognosis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:890. [PMID: 34348693 PMCID: PMC8335872 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many intratumoral biomarkers have been reported to predict clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patient prognosis, combining intratumoral and clinical indicators could predict ccRCC prognosis more accurately than any of these markers alone. This study mainly examined the prognostic value of HECT, C2 and WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HECW1) expression in ccRCC patients in combination with established clinical indicators. METHODS The expression level of HECW1 was screened out by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) and analyzed in ccRCC patients from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and our cohort. A total of 300 ccRCC patients were stochastically divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort, and real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and statistical analyses were employed to examine the prognostic value of HECW1 in ccRCC patients. RESULTS The expression level of HECW1 usually decreased in human ccRCC specimens relative to control specimens in TCGA (p < 0.001). DIA-MS, Real-time PCR, and IHC analyses also showed that the majority of ccRCCs harbored decreased HECW1 expression compared with that in normal adjacent tissues (p < 0.001). Additionally, HECW1 expression was reduced in ccRCC cell lines compared with the normal renal cell line HK-2 (p < 0.001). Moreover, lower HECW1 expression was found in ccRCC patients with a higher tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, bone metastasis, or first-line targeted drug resistance (p < 0.001). Low HECW1 expression indicated higher TNM stage, SSIGN (Stage, Size, Grade, and Necrosis) score and WHO/ISUP grade and poor prognosis in ccRCC patients (p < 0.05). Even after multivariable adjustment, HECW1, TNM stage, and SSIGN score served as independent risk factors. The c-index analysis showed that integrating intratumoral HECW1 expression into TNM stage or SSIGN score resulted in a higher c-index value than these indicators alone for predicting ccRCC patient prognosis. CONCLUSION HECW1 is a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in ccRCC, and integrating intratumoral HECW1 expression with established clinical indicators yields higher accuracy in assessing the postoperative prognosis of ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Urology, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Keqin Dong
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedic, Joint Logistic Support Force NO.925 Hospital of PLA, 67 Yellow River Road, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China.,Department of Urinary Surgery, Joint Logistic Support Force NO.925 Hospital of PLA, 67 Yellow River Road, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Xu Song
- Department of Urology, the Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongwei Yu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xingang Cui
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, China.
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Shen H, Liu J, Chen S, Ma X, Ying Y, Li J, Wang W, Wang X, Xie L. Prognostic Value of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:657318. [PMID: 34026635 PMCID: PMC8136289 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.657318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major immune cells in tumor microenvironment. The prognostic significance of TAMs has been confirmed in various tumors. However, whether TAMs can be prognostic factors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify the prognostic value of TAMs in ccRCC. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science for relevant published studies before December 19, 2020. Evidence from enrolled studies were pooled and analyzed by a meta-analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to evaluate the pooled results. Results Both of high CD68+ TAMs and M2-TAMs were risk factors for poor prognosis in ccRCC patients. The pooled HRs indicated that elevated CD68+ TAMs correlated with poor OS and PFS (HR: 3.97, 95% CI 1.39–11.39; HR: 5.73, 95% CI 2.36–13.90, respectively). For M2-TAMs, the pooled results showed ccRCC patients with high M2-TAMs suffered a worse OS and shorter PFS, with HR 1.32 (95% CI 1.16–1.50) and 1.40 (95% CI 1.14–1.72), respectively. Also, high density of TAMs was associated with advanced clinicopathological features in ccRCC. Conclusions TAMs could be potential biomarkers for prognosis and novel targets for immunotherapy in ccRCC. Further researches are warranted to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Shen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyou Ma
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Ying
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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