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Borges F, Laureano RS, Vanmeerbeek I, Sprooten J, Demeulenaere O, Govaerts J, Kinget L, Saraswat S, Beuselinck B, De Vleeschouwer S, Clement P, De Smet F, Sorg RV, Datsi A, Vigneron N, Naulaerts S, Garg AD. Trial watch: anticancer vaccination with dendritic cells. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2412876. [PMID: 39398476 PMCID: PMC11469433 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2412876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical players at the intersection of innate and adaptive immunity, making them ideal candidates for anticancer vaccine development. DC-based immunotherapies typically involve isolating patient-derived DCs, pulsing them with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or tumor-specific antigens (TSAs), and utilizing maturation cocktails to ensure their effective activation. These matured DCs are then reinfused to elicit tumor-specific T-cell responses. While this approach has demonstrated the ability to generate potent immune responses, its clinical efficacy has been limited due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Recent efforts have focused on enhancing the immunogenicity of DC-based vaccines, particularly through combination therapies with T cell-targeting immunotherapies. This Trial Watch summarizes recent advances in DC-based cancer treatments, including the development of new preclinical and clinical strategies, and discusses the future potential of DC-based vaccines in the evolving landscape of immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Borges
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raquel S. Laureano
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isaure Vanmeerbeek
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Sprooten
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Octavie Demeulenaere
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannes Govaerts
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Kinget
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Saurabh Saraswat
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoit Beuselinck
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Clement
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik De Smet
- Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Institute for Single-Cell Omics (LISCO), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rüdiger V. Sorg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angeliki Datsi
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nathalie Vigneron
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Cellular Genetics Unit, Université de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D. Garg
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Matboli M, Al-Amodi HS, Hamady S, Ali M, Roushdy MM, Hasanin AH, Aboul-Ela YM, Albadawy R, Gomaa E, Kamel HFM, ELsawi HA, Farid LM, Abouelkhair MB, Elmakromy GM, Fawzy NM. Experimental investigation for nonalcoholic fatty pancreas management using probiotics. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:147. [PMID: 38961451 PMCID: PMC11223304 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty pancreatitis (NAFP) presents a pressing challenge within the domain of metabolic disorders, necessitating further exploration to unveil its molecular intricacies and discover effective treatments. Our focus was to delve into the potential therapeutic impact of ZBiotic, a specially engineered strain of probiotic B. subtilis, in managing NAFP by targeting specific genes linked with necroptosis and the TNF signaling pathway, including TNF, ZBP1, HSPA1B, and MAPK3, along with their upstream epigenetic regulator, miR-5192, identified through bioinformatics. METHODS Rats were subjected to either a standard or high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHS) for eight weeks. Subsequently, they were divided into groups: NAFP model, and two additional groups receiving daily doses of ZBiotic (0.5 ml and 1 ml/kg), and the original B. subtilis strain group (1 ml/kg) for four weeks, alongside the HFHS diet. RESULTS ZBiotic exhibited remarkable efficacy in modulating gene expression, leading to the downregulation of miR-5192 and its target mRNAs (p < 0.001). Treatment resulted in the reversal of fibrosis, inflammation, and insulin resistance, evidenced by reductions in body weight, serum amylase, and lipase levels (p < 0.001), and decreased percentages of Caspase and Nuclear Factor Kappa-positive cells in pancreatic sections (p < 0.01). Notably, high-dose ZBiotic displayed superior efficacy compared to the original B. subtilis strain, highlighting its potential in mitigating NAFP progression by regulating pivotal pancreatic genes. CONCLUSION ZBiotic holds promise in curbing NAFP advancement, curbing fibrosis and inflammation while alleviating metabolic and pathological irregularities observed in the NAFP animal model. This impact was intricately linked to the modulation of necroptosis/TNF-mediated pathway-related signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Matboli
- Medical biochemistry and molecular biology department, Faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Hiba S Al-Amodi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa Hamady
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Ali
- Medical biochemistry and molecular biology department, Faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Marian Ms Roushdy
- Medical biochemistry and molecular biology department, Faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Amany Helmy Hasanin
- Clinical pharmacology department, Faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Aboul-Ela
- Clinical pharmacology department, Faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda Albadawy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt
| | - Eman Gomaa
- Histology and Cell biology department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala F M Kamel
- Medical biochemistry and molecular biology department, Faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind A ELsawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Laila M Farid
- Pathology department Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Gena M Elmakromy
- Endocrinology & Diabetes mellitus unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Nesma Mohamed Fawzy
- Medical biochemistry and molecular biology department, Faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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3
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Barui S, Saha S, Venu Y, Moku GK, Chaudhuri A. In vivo targeting of a tumor-antigen encoded DNA vaccine to dendritic cells in combination with tumor-selective chemotherapy eradicates established mouse melanoma. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6135-6148. [PMID: 37555308 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00702b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress during the past decade, eradication of established tumors by targeted cancer therapy and cancer immunotherapy remains an uphill task. Herein, we report on a combination approach for eradicating established mouse melanoma. Our approach employs the use of tumor selective chemotherapy in combination with in vivo dendritic cell (DC) targeted DNA vaccination. Liposomes of a newly synthesized lipopeptide containing a previously reported tumor-targeting CGKRK-ligand covalently grafted in its polar head-group region were used for tumor selective delivery of cancer therapeutics. Liposomally co-loaded STAT3siRNA and WP1066 (a commercially available inhibitor of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway) were used as cancer therapeutics. In vivo targeting of a melanoma antigen (MART-1) encoded DNA vaccine (p-CMV-MART1) to dendritic cells was accomplished by complexing it with a previously reported mannose-receptor selective in vivo DC-targeting liposome. Liposomes of the CGKRK-lipopeptide containing encapsulated FITC-labeled siRNA, upon intravenous administration in B16F10 melanoma bearing mice, showed remarkably higher accumulation in tumors 24 h post i.v. treatment, compared to their degree of accumulation in other body tissues including the lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen and heart. Importantly, the findings in tumor growth inhibition studies revealed that only in vivo DC-targeted genetic immunization or only tumor-selective chemotherapy using the presently described systems failed to eradicate the established mouse melanoma. The presently described combination approach is expected to find future applications in combating various malignancies (with well-defined surface antigens).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugata Barui
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
| | - Soumen Saha
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
| | - Yakati Venu
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
| | - Gopi Krishna Moku
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
- Department of Physical Sciences, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Yerragattu Gutta, Warangal 506 015, Telangana, India
| | - Arabinda Chaudhuri
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia-74126, West Bengal, India
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Looi CK, Gan LL, Sim W, Hii LW, Chung FFL, Leong CO, Lim WM, Mai CW. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Restore Cancer Cell Sensitivity towards T Lymphocytes Mediated Cytotoxicity in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3709. [PMID: 35954379 PMCID: PMC9367398 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite medical advancements, the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not improved significantly over the past 50 years. By utilising the large-scale genomic datasets available from the Australia Pancreatic Cancer Project (PACA-AU) and The Cancer Genomic Atlas Project (TCGA-PAAD), we studied the immunophenotype of PDAC in silico and identified that tumours with high cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) killing activity were associated with favourable clinical outcomes. Using the STRING protein-protein interaction network analysis, the identified differentially expressed genes with low CTL killing activity were associated with TWIST/IL-6R, HDAC5, and EOMES signalling. Following Connectivity Map analysis, we identified 44 small molecules that could restore CTL sensitivity in the PDAC cells. Further high-throughput chemical library screening identified 133 inhibitors that effectively target both parental and CTL-resistant PDAC cells in vitro. Since CTL-resistant PDAC had a higher expression of histone proteins and its acetylated proteins compared to its parental cells, we further investigated the impact of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) on CTL-mediated cytotoxicity in PDAC cells in vitro, namely SW1990 and BxPC3. Further analyses revealed that givinostat and dacinostat were the two most potent HDAC inhibitors that restored CTL sensitivity in SW1990 and BxPC3 CTL-resistant cells. Through our in silico and in vitro studies, we demonstrate the novel role of HDAC inhibition in restoring CTL resistance and that combinations of HDACi with CTL may represent a promising therapeutic strategy, warranting its further detailed molecular mechanistic studies and animal studies before embarking on the clinical evaluation of these novel combined PDAC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-King Looi
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-K.L.); (L.-L.G.)
| | - Li-Lian Gan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-K.L.); (L.-L.G.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar Seremban, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seremban 70300, Malaysia
| | - Wynne Sim
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.-O.L.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.-O.L.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- AGTC Genomics, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.-O.L.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.-O.L.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200127, China
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5
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Laureano RS, Sprooten J, Vanmeerbeerk I, Borras DM, Govaerts J, Naulaerts S, Berneman ZN, Beuselinck B, Bol KF, Borst J, Coosemans A, Datsi A, Fučíková J, Kinget L, Neyns B, Schreibelt G, Smits E, Sorg RV, Spisek R, Thielemans K, Tuyaerts S, De Vleeschouwer S, de Vries IJM, Xiao Y, Garg AD. Trial watch: Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy for cancer. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2096363. [PMID: 35800158 PMCID: PMC9255073 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2096363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination for cancer treatment has seen considerable development over recent decades. However, this field is currently in a state of flux toward niche-applications, owing to recent paradigm-shifts in immuno-oncology mobilized by T cell-targeting immunotherapies. DC vaccines are typically generated using autologous (patient-derived) DCs exposed to tumor-associated or -specific antigens (TAAs or TSAs), in the presence of immunostimulatory molecules to induce DC maturation, followed by reinfusion into patients. Accordingly, DC vaccines can induce TAA/TSA-specific CD8+/CD4+ T cell responses. Yet, DC vaccination still shows suboptimal anti-tumor efficacy in the clinic. Extensive efforts are ongoing to improve the immunogenicity and efficacy of DC vaccines, often by employing combinatorial chemo-immunotherapy regimens. In this Trial Watch, we summarize the recent preclinical and clinical developments in this field and discuss the ongoing trends and future perspectives of DC-based immunotherapy for oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel S Laureano
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Sprooten
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isaure Vanmeerbeerk
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel M Borras
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannes Govaerts
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zwi N Berneman
- Department of Haematology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | | | - Kalijn F Bol
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie Borst
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - an Coosemans
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, ImmunOvar Research Group, Ku Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angeliki Datsi
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jitka Fučíková
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Kinget
- Department of General Medical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Neyns
- Department of Medical Oncology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research, Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Rüdiger V Sorg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Tuyaerts
- Department of Medical Oncology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanling Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ni L. Advances in Human Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy Against Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887189. [PMID: 35619702 PMCID: PMC9127253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), the strongest antigen-presenting cells, are a focus for orchestrating the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic scientific investigations elucidating the cellular biology of the DCs have resulted in new strategies in this fight, including cancer vaccinology, combination therapy, and adoptive cellular therapy. Although immunotherapy is currently becoming an unprecedented bench-to-bedside success, the overall response rate to the current immunotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers is pretty low. Here, we have carried out a literature search of the studies of DCs in the treatment of GI cancer patients. We provide the advances in DC-based immunotherapy and highlight the clinical trials that indicate the therapeutic efficacies and toxicities related with each vaccine. Moreover, we also offer the yet-to-be-addressed questions about DC-based immunotherapy. This study focuses predominantly on the data derived from human studies to help understand the involvement of DCs in patients with GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ni
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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7
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Hung YH, Chen LT, Hung WC. The Trinity: Interplay among Cancer Cells, Fibroblasts, and Immune Cells in Pancreatic Cancer and Implication of CD8 + T Cell-Orientated Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040926. [PMID: 35453676 PMCID: PMC9026398 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment in tumors is complicated and is constituted by different cell types and stromal proteins. Among the cell types, the abundance of cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells is high and these cells work as the “Trinity” in promoting tumorigenesis. Although unidirectional or bidirectional crosstalk between two independent cell types has been well characterized, the multi-directional interplays between cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells in vitro and in vivo are still unclear. We summarize recent studies in addressing the interaction of the “Trinity” members in the tumor microenvironment and propose a functional network for how these members communicate with each other. In addition, we discuss the underlying mechanisms mediating the interplay. Moreover, correlations of the alterations in the distribution and functionality of cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells under different circumstances are reviewed. Finally, we point out the future application of CD8+ T cell-oriented therapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-T.C.); (W.-C.H.)
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (L.-T.C.); (W.-C.H.)
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8
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Vaish U, Jain T, Are AC, Dudeja V. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: An Update on Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13408. [PMID: 34948209 PMCID: PMC8706283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in the western world, with limited therapeutic strategies and dismal long-term survival. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key components of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, maintaining the extracellular matrix, while also being involved in intricate crosstalk with cancer cells and infiltrating immunocytes. Therefore, they are potential targets for developing therapeutic strategies against PDAC. However, recent studies have demonstrated significant heterogeneity in CAFs with respect to their origins, spatial distribution, and functional phenotypes within the PDAC tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is imperative to understand and delineate this heterogeneity prior to targeting CAFs for PDAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vikas Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (U.V.); (T.J.); (A.C.A.)
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