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Yang J, Wang C, Luo L, Li Z, Xu B, Guo L, Xie J. Highly sensitive MALDI-MS measurement of active ricin: insight from more potential deoxynucleobase-hybrid oligonucleotide substrates. Analyst 2021; 146:2955-2964. [PMID: 33949380 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report an improved MALDI-MS method for active ricin to contribute toward countermeasures against its real threat to the public. Compared with commonly used DNA or RNA substrates, the deoxynucleobase-hybrid oligonucleotide (RNA_dA, Rd) substrate containing functional Gd[combining low line]A[combining low line]GA loop was revealed as a substrate with more potential and used for the first time in ricin measurement via MALDI-MS. The Rd sequence greatly prompted ricin to exhibit its catalytic activity as rRNA N-glycosylase in ex vitro condition, which was supported by molecular docking simulation and enzymatic parameters depicted in MALDI-MS. Furthermore, we discovered that a highly pure matrix was the most crucial parameter for enhancing the sensitivity, which addressed the major obstacle encountered in the oligo(deoxy)nucleotide measurement, i.e., the interfering alkali metal ion-adducted signals in MALDI-MS. After the optimization of pH and enzymatic reaction buffer composition in this ex vitro condition, this method can provide a wide linearity of up to three orders of magnitude, i.e., 1-5000 ng mL-1, and a high sensitivity of 1 ng mL-1 without any enrichment. Denatured and active ricin could be distinctly differentiated, and the application to practical samples from one international exercise and a soft drink proved the feasibility of this new method. We believe this MALDI-MS method can contribute to the first response to ricin occurrence events in public safety and security, as well as pave a new way for a deep understanding of ricin and other type II ribosome inactivating proteins involved toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Chenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China. and School of Pharmacy, Minzu University, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China. and School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jianwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Integrative transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data analysis exploring the injury mechanism of ricin on human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:160-172. [PMID: 31103672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ricin (RT) is a plant toxin belonging to the family of type II ribosome-inactivating protein with high bioterrorism potential. Aerosol RT exposure is the most lethal route, but its mechanism of injury needs further investigation. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics analysis on the potential mechanism of injury caused by RT on human lung epithelial cells. In total, 5872 genes, 187 proteins, and 143 metabolites were shown to be significantly changed in human lung epithelial cells after RT treatment. Molecular function, pathway, and network analyses, the genes and proteins regulated in RT-treated cells were mainly attributed to fatty acid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of transcripts, proteins, and metabolites was performed. The results revealed the correlated genes, proteins, and metabolic pathways regulated in metabolic pathways, amino acid metabolism, transcription and energy metabolism. These genes, proteins, and metabolites involved in these dis-regulated pathways may provide a more targeted and credible direction to study the mechanism of RT injury on human lung epithelial cells. This study provides large-scale omics data that can be used to develop a new strategy for the prevention, rapid diagnosis, and treatment of RT poisoning, especially of RT aerosol.
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Ji B, Kenaan A, Gao S, Cheng J, Cui D, Yang H, Wang J, Song J. Label-free detection of biotoxins via a photo-induced force infrared spectrum at the single-molecular level. Analyst 2019; 144:6108-6117. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Schematic illustration of photo-induced force microscopy combine principal component analysis detected and distinguish single molecule particles of biotoxins AT, RT/ETX with label-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
- Beijing 100071
- China
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
| | - Ahmad Kenaan
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
- Beijing 100071
- China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
- Beijing 100071
- China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
- Beijing 100071
- China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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