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Mohamad NA, Galarza TE, Martín GA. H2 antihistamines: May be useful for combination therapies in cancer? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116164. [PMID: 38531422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer morbimortality is still a great concern despite advances in research and therapies. Histamine and its receptors' ligands can modulate different biological responses according to the cell type and the receptor subtype involved. Besides the wide variety of histamine functions in normal tissues, diverse roles in the acquisition of hallmarks of cancer such as sustained proliferative signaling, resistance to cell death, angiogenesis, metastasis, altered immunity and modified microenvironment have been described. This review summarizes the present knowledge of the various roles of histamine H2 receptor (H2R) ligands in neoplasias. A bioinformatic analysis of human tumors showed dissimilar results in the expression of the H2R gene according to tumor type when comparing malignant versus normal tissues. As well, the relationship between patients' survival parameters and H2R gene expression levels also varied, signaling important divergences in the role of H2R in neoplastic progression in different cancer types. Revised experimental evidence showed multiple effects of H2R antihistamines on several of the cited hallmarks of cancer. Interventional and retrospective clinical studies evaluated different H2R antihistamines in cancer patients with two main adjuvant uses: improving antitumor efficacy (which includes regulation of immune response) and preventing toxic adverse effects produced by chemo or radiotherapy. While there is a long path to go, research on H2R antihistamines may provide new opportunities for developing more refined combination therapeutic strategies for certain cancer types to improve patients' survival and health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Mohamad
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara E Galarza
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Martín
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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2
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Liu Y, Zhou H, Tang X. STUB1/CHIP: New insights in cancer and immunity. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115190. [PMID: 37506582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The STUB1 gene (STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1), located at 16q13.3, encodes the CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein), an essential E3 ligase involved in protein quality control. CHIP comprises three domains: an N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, a middle coiled-coil domain, and a C-terminal U-box domain. It functions as a co-chaperone for heat shock protein (HSP) via the TPR domain and as an E3 ligase, ubiquitinating substrates through its U-box domain. Numerous studies suggest that STUB1 plays a crucial role in various physiological process, such as aging, autophagy, and bone remodeling. Moreover, emerging evidence has shown that STUB1 can degrade oncoproteins to exert tumor-suppressive functions, and it has recently emerged as a novel player in tumor immunity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of STUB1's role in cancer, including its clinical significance, impact on tumor progression, dual roles, tumor stem cell-like properties, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and DNA repair. In addition, we explore STUB1's functions in immune cell differentiation and maturation, inflammation, autoimmunity, antiviral immune response, and tumor immunity. Collectively, STUB1 represents a promising and valuable therapeutic target in cancer and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuo Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Honghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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3
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Hu Q, Lei J, Cheng Z, Xu J, Wang L, Yuan Y, Gan M, Wang Y, Xie Y, Yao L, Wang K, Liu Y, Xun W, Wang JB, Han T. STUB1-mediated ubiquitination regulates the stability of GLUD1 in lung adenocarcinoma. iScience 2023; 26:107151. [PMID: 37416474 PMCID: PMC10319899 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of glutamine metabolism provides survival advantages for tumors by supplementing tricarboxylic acid cycle. Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) is one of the key enzymes in glutamine catabolism. Here, we found that enhanced protein stability was the key factor for the upregulation of GLUD1 in lung adenocarcinoma. We discovered that GLUD1 showed a high protein expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells or tissues. We elucidated that STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1 (STUB1) was the key E3 ligase responsible for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of GLUD1. We further showed that lysine 503 (K503) was the main ubiquitination site of GLUD1, inhibiting the ubiquitination at this site promoted the proliferation and tumor growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Taken together, this study clarifies the molecular mechanism of GLUD1 in maintaining protein homeostasis in lung adenocarcinoma, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of anti-cancer drugs targeting GLUD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Hu
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330006, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jiapeng Lei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Zhujun Cheng
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Mingxi Gan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yilin Xie
- School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Lu Yao
- School of Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Keru Wang
- School of Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Wenze Xun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Jian-Bin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Tianyu Han
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330006, China
- China-Japan Friendship Jiangxi Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330200, China
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4
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Marrone L, D'Agostino M, Cesaro E, di Giacomo V, Urzini S, Romano MF, Romano S. Alternative splicing of FKBP5 gene exerts control over T lymphocyte expansion. J Cell Biochem 2023. [PMID: 36645880 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
FKBP51 is constitutively expressed by immune cells. As other FKBP family members, FKBP51 acts as a coreceptor for the natural products FK506 and rapamycin, which exhibit immunosuppressive effects. However, little is known about the intrinsic role of this large FKBP in the primary function of lymphocytes, that is, the adaptive immune response against foreign antigens, for example, pathogens. This paper aimed to investigate whether FKBP51 expression was modulated during lymphocyte activation. Moreover, as we recently identified a splicing isoform of FKBP51, namely FKBP51s, we also measured this splice protein, along with the canonical one, at different times of a peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture stimulated via T cell receptor. Our results show that the two FKBP51 isoforms were alternatively induced during the proliferative burst. Canonical FKBP51 increased in the time window between 48 and 96 h and its expression levels correlated with cyclin D levels. FKBP51s transiently increased earlier, at 24-36 h to reappearing later, at 120 h, when cyclin D expression returned at resting levels and proliferation ceased. Interestingly, within these two specific timeframes, FKBP51s accumulated in the nucleus. Here FKBP51s colocalized with the Foxp3 transcription factor at 36 h. Regulatory T cell (Treg) counts significantly decreased when FKBP51s was downmodulated. The coculture suppression assay suggested that FKBP51s supports the suppressive capability of Tregs. At 120 h, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments found FKBP51s linked to CCND1 gene, suggesting a possible effect on gene transcription regulation, as previously demonstrated in melanoma. In conclusion, our study shows that FKBP5 isoforms are upregulated during lymphocyte activation, albeit on different timeframes. The activation of canonical FKBP51 coincides with proliferation hallmarks; FKBP5 splicing occurs early to sustain Treg development and late when proliferation ceases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marrone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Cesaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria di Giacomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Urzini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Wang W, Xiang T, Yang Y, Wang Z, Xie J. E3 ubiquitin ligases STUB1/CHIP contributes to the Th17/Treg imbalance via the ubiquitination of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:280-290. [PMID: 35943876 PMCID: PMC9521662 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
STIP1-homologous U-Box containing protein 1 (STUB1) is involved in the development of immune pathologies and the regulation of T cell. However, the potential role of STUB1 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially in the regulation of T cells, remains elusive. Here we show that STUB1 promotes the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells through non-degradative ubiquitination of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Using Western blot and flow cytometry analysis, we observe that the level of STUB1 was increased in RA patients compared with healthy controls. In particular, the expression of STUB1 protein was different in Th17 cells and Treg cells of RA patients. We also demonstrated that STUB1 facilitates Th17/Treg imbalance by up- or downregulating the expression of STUB1. In a subsequent series of in vitro experiments, we revealed that STUB1 promoted the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells through non-degradative ubiquitination of AHR. Both knockdown of the AHR expression by siRNA and assays of CYP1A1 enzymatic activity by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) supported this conclusion. Furthermore, we explored the ubiquitination sites of AHR responsible for STUB1-mediated ubiquitination and revealed that STUB1 promotes ubiquitination of AHR via K63 chains. Together, STUB1 may induce the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells via ubiquitination of AHR and serve as a potential therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yachen Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zitao Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmin Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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HSPA5 Inhibitor Meliorate DSS-Induced Colitis through HSPA1A/CHIP. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7115181. [PMID: 35872700 PMCID: PMC9300310 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7115181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective Ulcerative colitis (UC) is closely related to immune response, in which Treg cells (Tregs) suppress the autoimmune response of effector T cells to maintain homeostasis. As a marker of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), HSPA5 was highly expressed in the colon tissue of UC patients. This study is aimed at evaluating the therapeutic effect of HSPA5 inhibitor (HA15) on dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced ulcerative colitis in mice and explored the effect and related mechanism of HSPA5 inhibitor on the differentiation and function of Tregs. Methods Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups (8 mice per group): normal control group, DSS model group, HSPA5 inhibitor (HA15) group (intraperitoneal injection), and dexamethasone (DXM) group (intraperitoneal injection). Except for the blank control group, the other groups were induced with 3% DSS for 7 days and then given corresponding intervention therapy for 7 days. Results The disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length, histopathological changes, and scores of DSS-induced mice show that HA15 could significantly improve the degree of inflammation in ulcerative colitis. Moreover, HA15 can better inhibit the expression of HSPA5, HSPA1A, and CHIP in the colon and increase the level of FOXP3 mRNA. Finally, the content of Treg cells and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were significantly increased, and the levels of IL-6 were significantly reduced. Conclusions HA15 can improve the differentiation and function of Treg cells by inhibiting the HSPA1A/CHIP pathway, thereby improving ulcerative colitis. Therefore, inhibiting the expression of HSPA5 may serve as a new approach to treat ulcerative colitis.
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With or without You: Co-Chaperones Mediate Health and Disease by Modifying Chaperone Function and Protein Triage. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113121. [PMID: 34831344 PMCID: PMC8619055 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of molecular chaperones that regulate essential protein refolding and triage decisions to maintain protein homeostasis. Numerous co-chaperone proteins directly interact and modify the function of HSPs, and these interactions impact the outcome of protein triage, impacting everything from structural proteins to cell signaling mediators. The chaperone/co-chaperone machinery protects against various stressors to ensure cellular function in the face of stress. However, coding mutations, expression changes, and post-translational modifications of the chaperone/co-chaperone machinery can alter the cellular stress response. Importantly, these dysfunctions appear to contribute to numerous human diseases. Therapeutic targeting of chaperones is an attractive but challenging approach due to the vast functions of HSPs, likely contributing to the off-target effects of these therapies. Current efforts focus on targeting co-chaperones to develop precise treatments for numerous diseases caused by defects in protein quality control. This review focuses on the recent developments regarding selected HSP70/HSP90 co-chaperones, with a concentration on cardioprotection, neuroprotection, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. We also discuss therapeutic approaches that highlight both the utility and challenges of targeting co-chaperones.
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Hatzioannou A, Boumpas A, Papadopoulou M, Papafragkos I, Varveri A, Alissafi T, Verginis P. Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmunity and Cancer: A Duplicitous Lifestyle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:731947. [PMID: 34539668 PMCID: PMC8446642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells, possess a strategic role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, and their function has been closely linked to development of diverse pathologies including autoimmunity and cancer. Comprehensive studies in various disease contexts revealed an increased plasticity as a characteristic of Treg cells. Although Treg cell plasticity comes in various flavors, the major categories enclose the loss of Foxp3 expression, which is the master regulator of Treg cell lineage, giving rise to “ex-Treg” cells and the “fragile” Treg cells in which FOXP3 expression is retained but accompanied by the engagement of an inflammatory program and attenuation of the suppressive activity. Treg cell plasticity possess a tremendous therapeutic potential either by inducing Treg cell de-stabilization to promote anti-tumor immunity, or re-enforcing Treg cell stability to attenuate chronic inflammation. Herein, we review the literature on the Treg cell plasticity with lessons learned in autoimmunity and cancer and discuss challenges and open questions with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Hatzioannou
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Athina Boumpas
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Miranta Papadopoulou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iosif Papafragkos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Division of Basic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Athina Varveri
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Themis Alissafi
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Division of Basic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Kumar S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. Chaperone-assisted E3 ligase CHIP: A double agent in cancer. Genes Dis 2021; 9:1521-1555. [PMID: 36157498 PMCID: PMC9485218 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The carboxy-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a ubiquitin ligase and co-chaperone belonging to Ubox family that plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by switching the equilibrium of the folding-refolding mechanism towards the proteasomal or lysosomal degradation pathway. It links molecular chaperones viz. HSC70, HSP70 and HSP90 with ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), acting as a quality control system. CHIP contains charged domain in between N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) and C-terminal Ubox domain. TPR domain interacts with the aberrant client proteins via chaperones while Ubox domain facilitates the ubiquitin transfer to the client proteins for ubiquitination. Thus, CHIP is a classic molecule that executes ubiquitination for degradation of client proteins. Further, CHIP has been found to be indulged in cellular differentiation, proliferation, metastasis and tumorigenesis. Additionally, CHIP can play its dual role as a tumor suppressor as well as an oncogene in numerous malignancies, thus acting as a double agent. Here, in this review, we have reported almost all substrates of CHIP established till date and classified them according to the hallmarks of cancer. In addition, we discussed about its architectural alignment, tissue specific expression, sub-cellular localization, folding-refolding mechanisms of client proteins, E4 ligase activity, normal physiological roles, as well as involvement in various diseases and tumor biology. Further, we aim to discuss its importance in HSP90 inhibitors mediated cancer therapy. Thus, this report concludes that CHIP may be a promising and worthy drug target towards pharmaceutical industry for drug development.
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Pathophysiological Roles of Histamine Receptors in Cancer Progression: Implications and Perspectives as Potential Molecular Targets. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081232. [PMID: 34439898 PMCID: PMC8392479 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of histamine and histamine receptors (HRs), including H1R~H4R, are found in many different types of tumor cells and cells in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting their involvement in tumor progression. This review summarizes the latest evidence demonstrating the pathophysiological roles of histamine and its cognate receptors in cancer biology. We also discuss the novel therapeutic approaches of selective HR ligands and their potential prognostic values in cancer treatment. Briefly, histamine is highly implicated in cancer development, growth, and metastasis through interactions with distinct HRs. It also regulates the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor sites, exerting an immunomodulatory function. Moreover, the effects of various HR ligands, including H1R antagonists, H2R antagonists, and H4R agonists, on tumor progression in many different cancer types are described. Interestingly, the expression levels of HR subtypes may serve as prognostic biomarkers in several cancers. Taken together, HRs are promising targets for cancer treatment, and HR ligands may offer novel therapeutic potential, alone or in combination with conventional therapy. However, due to the complexity of the pathophysiological roles of histamine and HRs in cancer biology, further studies are warranted before HR ligands can be introduced into clinical settings.
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Saxena V, Lakhan R, Iyyathurai J, Bromberg JS. Mechanisms of exTreg induction. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1956-1967. [PMID: 33975379 PMCID: PMC8338747 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs play an important role in the maintenance of the immune system by regulating immune responses and resolving inflammation. Tregs exert their function by suppressing other immune cells and mediating peripheral self-tolerance. Under homeostatic conditions, Tregs are stable T-cell populations. However, under inflammatory environments, Tregs are converted to CD4+ CD25low Foxp3low cells. These cells are termed "exTreg" or "exFoxp3" cells. The molecular mechanism of Treg transition to exTregs remains incompletely understood. Uncertainties might be explained by a lack of consensus of biological markers to define Treg subsets in general and exTregs in particular. In this review, we summarize known markers of Tregs and factors responsible for exTreg generation including cytokines, signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic mechanisms. We also identify studies demonstrating the presence of exTregs in various diseases and sources of exTregs. Understanding the biology of Treg transition to exTregs will help in designing Treg-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Saxena
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ram Lakhan
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jegan Iyyathurai
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Borro M, Negrini S, Long A, Chinthrajah S, Murdaca G. H2-antagonist in IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reactions: what literature says so far? Clin Mol Allergy 2021; 19:4. [PMID: 33849573 PMCID: PMC8042967 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-021-00143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a monoamine synthesized from the amino acid histidine that is well-known for its role in IgE-mediated anaphylaxis but has shown pleiotropic effects on the immune system, especially in order to promote inflammatory responses. H1-receptor antagonist are common drugs used in mild/moderate allergic reactions whereas H2-receptor antagonist are commonly administered in gastric ulcer but showed some properties in allergy too. The EAACI guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of anaphylactic reactions recommend their use as third-line therapy in adjunct to H1-antagonists. The purpose of this article is to produce a complete summary of findings and evidence known so far about the usefulness of H2-receptor antagonist in allergic reactons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Borro
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford University, Grant Building, S093, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA, 94305-5101, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, Via Genova 30 -, 17100, Savona, Italy.
| | - Simone Negrini
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrew Long
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford University, Grant Building, S093, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA, 94305-5101, USA
| | - Sharon Chinthrajah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford University, Grant Building, S093, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA, 94305-5101, USA
| | - Giuseppe Murdaca
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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Regulation of Treg Functions by the Ubiquitin Pathway. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:47-62. [PMID: 33523442 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Tregs) cells, required to maintain immune homeostasis, have significant power in disease outcomes. Treg dysfunction, predominantly characterized by the loss of the master transcription factor FoxP3 and the acquisition of Teff-like phenotypes, can promote autoimmunity as well as enhance anti-tumor immunity. As FoxP3 expression and stability are pinnacle for Treg suppressive functions, understanding the pathways that regulate FoxP3 is crucial to ascertain Treg-mediated therapies for autoimmune diseases and cancer. Mechanisms controlling FoxP3 expression and stability range from transcriptional to posttranslational, revealing multiple therapeutic opportunities. While many of the transcriptional pathways have been explored in detail, a recent surge in interest on the posttranslational mechanisms regulating FoxP3 has arisen. Particularly, the role of ubiquitination on Tregs both directly and indirectly involving FoxP3 has gained interest. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on ubiquitin-dependent, FoxP3-mediated control of Treg function as it pertains to human diseases.
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Qiu R, Zhou L, Ma Y, Zhou L, Liang T, Shi L, Long J, Yuan D. Regulatory T Cell Plasticity and Stability and Autoimmune Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:52-70. [PMID: 30449014 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-018-8721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a class of CD4+ T cells with immunosuppressive functions that play a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis. However, in certain disease settings, Tregs demonstrate plastic differentiation, and the stability of these Tregs, which is characterized by the stable expression or protective epigenetic modifications of the transcription factor Foxp3, becomes abnormal. Plastic Tregs have some features of helper T (Th) cells, such as the secretion of Th-related cytokines and the expression of specific transcription factors in Th cells, but also still retain the expression of Foxp3, a feature of Tregs. Although such Th-like Tregs can secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, they still possess a strong ability to inhibit specific Th cell responses. Therefore, the plastic differentiation of Tregs not only increases the complexity of the immune circumstances under pathological conditions, especially autoimmune diseases, but also shows an association with changes in the stability of Tregs. The plastic differentiation and stability change of Tregs play vital roles in the progression of diseases. This review focuses on the phenotypic characteristics, functions, and formation conditions of several plastic Tregs and also summarizes the changes of Treg stability and their effects on inhibitory function. Additionally, the effects of Treg plasticity and stability on disease prognosis for several autoimmune diseases were also investigated in order to better understand the relationship between Tregs and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Dadao 138, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Dadao 138, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Dadao 138, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Dadao 138, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Dadao 138, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Dadao 138, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Long
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Dadao 138, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongping Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Dadao 138, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Estaphan S, Abdel-Malek R, Rashed L, Mohamed EA. Cimetidine a promising radio-protective agent through modulating Bax/Bcl2 ratio: An in vivo study in male rats. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8495-8506. [PMID: 32324265 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most effective modalities for treatment of neoplastic diseases. Radiation damage is to a large extent caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species. To improve the therapeutic index, identifying effective substances for prevention or treatment of postirradiation intestinal and bone marrow injury should be prompted. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of cimetidine on the in rats exposed to γ-irradiation (5 Gy) and exploring the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)/Bcl2 associated X (bax) pathway as a probable underlying mechanism. Eighteen adult male rats were randomly grouped into three: control, untreated irradiated rats, and irradiated rats pretreated with cimetidine. Seven days postirradiation the rats were culled, the bone marrow (BM) and jejunum tissue samples were collected for biochemical, histological, and immunohistological evaluation of BM cell count (BMCs), intestinal fibrosis, oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor-α, Bcl2, and Bax. Cimetidine pretreatment significantly reversed the loss of BMCs, intestinal lining destruction, and fibrosis seen in the untreated irradiated rats and significantly decreased the underlying oxidative stress, inflammation, and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. There was a significant differential correlation between Bax/Bcl2 ratio, tissue oxidative stress level, and tissue injury. Cimetidine represents a very promising radioprotective agent with a potential differential beneficial effect on both cancer cells (inducing apoptosis) as previously proved through different studies and adjacent healthy cells (providing radioprotection via inhibiting apoptosis) as clearly demonstrated through this study, via its antioxidant effect and subsequent regulation of type 2 apoptotic pathway through modulation of Bax/Bcl2 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Estaphan
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Laila Rashed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Ahmed Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Meleda, KSA.,Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhang J, Yao D, Song Y, Pan Y, Zhu L, Bai Y, Xu Y, Zhang J, Shao C. Fractionated irradiation of right thorax induces abscopal damage on testes leading to decline in fertility. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15221. [PMID: 31645625 PMCID: PMC6811594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced abscopal effect (RIAE) may influence radiotherapy efficiency. However, it is unknown whether RIAE triggers abnormal genetic consequence. We present a novel evidence that, when mice were given fractionated irradiation on right thorax, the ultrastructure of blood-testis barrier was damaged in company with apoptosis induction in testes, and the sperm number and vitality were drastically decreased so that both the fertility and the survival of their offspring were reduced. Protein microarray assay and hormone detection showed that some cytokines especially TNF-α, TGF-β and estradiol in the serum of irradiated mice increased to higher levels in consistent with abscopal damage, and this conditioned serum had toxic effect on TM4 cells in vitro. When the mice were fed with cimetidine, the above abscopal responses were significantly attenuated. This study demonstrates in the first time that the thoracic irradiation (Th-IR) induces structural and functional damage in the distal testes and further cause fertility decline of irradiated male mice, which may have important implications in the strategy development of radiotherapy in avoiding abnormal genetic consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yimeng Song
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanwu Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Chunlin Shao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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17
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Deng G, Song X, Fujimoto S, Piccirillo CA, Nagai Y, Greene MI. Foxp3 Post-translational Modifications and Treg Suppressive Activity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2486. [PMID: 31681337 PMCID: PMC6813729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are engaged in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity. Treg cells include thymic Treg cells and peripheral Treg cells, both of which can suppress the immune response via multiple distinct mechanisms. The differentiation, proliferation, suppressive function and survival of Treg cells are affected by distinct energy metabolic programs. Tissue-resident Treg cells hold unique features in comparison with the lymphoid organ Treg cells. Foxp3 transcription factor is a lineage master regulator for Treg cell development and suppressive activity. Accumulating evidence indicates that the activity of Foxp3 protein is modulated by various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation and methylation. These modifications affect multiple aspects of Foxp3 function. In this review, we define features of Treg cells and roles of Foxp3 in Treg biology, and summarize current research in PTMs of Foxp3 protein involved in modulating Treg function. This review also attempts to define Foxp3 dimer modifications relevant to mediating Foxp3 activity and Treg suppression. Understanding Foxp3 protein features and modulation mechanisms may help in the design of rational therapies for immune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Deng
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yasuhiro Nagai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mark I Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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18
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Chen J, Hu L, Wang J, Cao Y, Zhu D, Chen L, Duan Y. Toxoplasma gondii excreted-secreted antigens suppress Foxp3 via PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16044-16051. [PMID: 31074049 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii excreted-secreted antigens (ESA) cause spontaneous abortion or fetal teratogenesis during the pregnancy in mice, especially in the early stage. Those adverse pregnancy outcomes are due to the deficit in regulatory T cells (Tregs). Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), a critical transcription factor, modulates Tregs differentiation and its function. Besides, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) signaling network is implicated in interfering with Foxp3 induction. We previously demonstrated that ESA diminished the number of Tregs and inhibited its function. And ESA suppressed Foxp3 expression via the attenuation of transforming growth factor β RII/Smad2/Smad3/Smad4 pathway. The current study aimed to investigate whether the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network is involved in Foxp3 downregulation induced by ESA. We found that ESA upregulated PI3K, P-AKT, mTOR, and P-mTOR. Knockdown of PI3K cooperated with ESA to restore Foxp3 expression mediated by ESA. This suppressive role of ESA on Foxp3 expression was abrogated by AKT inhibitor. In addition, neutralization of Toll-like receptor 4 could restore the expression of Foxp3, PI3K, and its downstream effectors induced by ESA. Collectively, the findings indicated that ESA inhibited Foxp3 expression via the upregulation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangqing Cao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuting Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinong Duan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M, Khorramdelazad H, Hassan ZM. Immunomodulatory properties of cimetidine: Its therapeutic potentials for treatment of immune-related diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:156-166. [PMID: 30802678 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Histamine exerts potent modulatory impacts on the cells of innate- [including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells and NKT cells] and adaptive immunity (such as Th1-, Th2-, Th17-, regulatory T-, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and B cells) through binding to histamine receptor 2 (H2R). Cimetidine, as an H2R antagonist, reverses the histamine-mediated immunosuppression, as it has powerful stimulatory effects on the effector functions of neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, DCs, NK cells, NKT cells, Th1-, Th2-, Th17-, and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. However, cimetidine reduces the regulatory/suppressor T cell-mediated immunosuppression. Experimentally, cimetidine potentiate some immunologic activities in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic potentials of cimetidine as an immunomodulatory agent were also investigated in a number of human diseases (such as cancers, viral warts, allergic disorders, burn, and bone resorption) and vaccination. This review aimed to provide a concise summary regarding the impacts of cimetidine on the immune system and highlight the cellular mechanisms of action and the immunomodulatory effects of this drug in various diseases to give novel insights regarding the therapeutic potentials of this drug for treatment of immune-related disorders. The review encourages more investigations to consider the immunomodulatory characteristic of cimetidine for managing of immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossain Khorramdelazad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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20
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Pompura SL, Dominguez-Villar M. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in regulatory T-cell development, stability, and function. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:1065-1076. [PMID: 29357116 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mir0817-349r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is an essential node in mammalian cells that controls cell growth, migration, proliferation, and metabolism. During the last decade, a number of works have demonstrated an important role for the PI3K/AKT pathway in regulatory T cell development, function, and stability. This review summarizes our current knowledge of how the PI3K/AKT pathway regulates thymic and peripheral Treg generation and function, with an emphasis on translation of these observations to therapies targeting Tregs in several pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saige L Pompura
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neurology, Human and Translational Immunology Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Margarita Dominguez-Villar
- Department of Neurology, Human and Translational Immunology Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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21
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Abstract
The carboxyl terminal of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a pivotal role in the protein quality control system by shifting the balance of the folding-refolding machinery toward the degradative pathway. However, the precise mechanisms by which nonnative proteins are selected for degradation by CHIP either directly or indirectly via chaperone Hsp70 or Hsp90 are still not clear. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive model of the mechanism by which CHIP degrades its substrate in a chaperone-dependent or direct manner. In addition, through tight regulation of the protein level of its substrates, CHIP plays important roles in many physiological and pathological conditions, including cancers, neurological disorders, cardiac diseases, bone metabolism, immunity, and so on. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms underlying the regulation of the immune system by CHIP are still poorly understood despite accumulating developments in our understanding of the regulatory roles of CHIP in both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, we also aim to provide a view of CHIP-mediated regulation of immune responses and the signaling pathways involved in the model described. Finally, we discuss the roles of CHIP in immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Zhan
- a Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology , Dongcheng District , Beijing , China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- b Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Head and Neck Surgery , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Ge
- a Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology , Dongcheng District , Beijing , China
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Chen J, Huang C, Zhu D, Shen P, Duan Y, Wang J, Yang C, Wu L. Chinese 1 strain of Toxoplasma gondii excreted-secreted antigens negatively modulate Foxp3 via inhibition of the TGFßRII/Smad2/Smad3/Smad4 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1944-1953. [PMID: 28300338 PMCID: PMC5571543 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic intracellular parasite and is considered an important aetiological factor in the process of abortion, especially as occurs in early gestation. Chinese 1 strain of T. gondii is a dominant genotype prevalent in China. Although it is known that early foetal resorption triggered by RH strain of T. gondii is attributable to immune mechanisms rather than its direct effect in uterus, the underlying mechanism of the abortion caused by Chinese 1 strain remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effect of excreted–secreted antigens (ESA) of Chinese 1 strain of T. gondii on the expression of forkhead box transcription factor (Foxp3) as it pertains to early pregnancy and abortion. ESA caused a marked inhibition in the expression of Foxp3 both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, ESA negatively modulated Smad2 and Smad3 at the posttranslational level. Smad2 siRNA cooperated with ESA to further suppress the level of Foxp3. This inhibitory effect on Foxp3 expression was partially abrogated by overexpression of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4. Additionally, ESA attenuated the expression of TGFßRII, whereas TGFßRII agonist could profoundly reversed the decreased Foxp3 triggered by ESA. Collectively, the findings suggested that ESA restricted Foxp3 expression by inhibiting TGFßRII/Smad2/Smad3/Smad4 signalling, ultimately resulting in abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caiqun Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei Shen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinong Duan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunzhao Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liting Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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