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Hernández S, Moraga-Llop F, Díaz A, de Sevilla MF, Ciruela P, Muñoz-Almagro C, Codina G, Campins M, García-García JJ, Esteva C, Izquierdo C, González-Peris S, Martínez-Osorio J, Uriona S, Salleras L, Domínguez Á. Failures of 13-Valent Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccine in Age-Appropriately Vaccinated Children 2-59 Months of Age, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:1147-1155. [PMID: 32441620 PMCID: PMC7258469 DOI: 10.3201/eid2606.190951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with the 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal disease (PCV13) has reduced invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), but there have been reports of vaccine failures. We performed a prospective study in children aged 2–59 months who received diagnoses of IPD during January 2012–June 2016 in 3 pediatric hospitals in Catalonia, Spain, a region with a PCV13 vaccination coverage of 63%. We analyzed patients who had been age-appropriately vaccinated but who developed IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. We detected 24 vaccine failure cases. The serotypes involved were 3 (16 cases); 19A (5 cases); and 1, 6B, and 14 (1 case each). Cases were associated with children without underlying conditions, with complicated pneumonia (OR 6.65, 95% CI 1.91–23.21), and with diagnosis by PCR (OR 5.18, 95% CI 1.84–14.59). Vaccination coverage should be increased to reduce the circulation of vaccine serotypes. Continuous surveillance of cases of IPD using both culture and PCR to characterize vaccine failures is necessary.
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Ustundag G, Karadag-Oncel E, Sen-Tas S, Kara-Aksay A, Yilmaz-Ciftdogan D, Yilmaz N, Ceyhan M. One year period of invasive pneumococcal disease in children from a tertiary care hospital in Turkey in the post-vaccine era. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:1470-1473. [PMID: 33121316 PMCID: PMC8078653 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1817716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has decreased after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine used; however, a breakthrough infection may still be seen after vaccination. In this study, eight pediatric inpatients and nine episodes with IPD in our center were included. Their age and gender, diagnoses, facilitating factors, the status of immunization and the antibiotic resistance of Pneumococci, serotypes of Pneumococci were noted. The isolates were subjected to disc susceptibility tests for penicillin, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones, according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Of the vaccinated seven cases, four of them (57.1%) developed IPD which their serogroups were in vaccine content. It was observed that all four cases in question had an underlying facilitating factor. Pneumococcal antibiotic susceptibility is also crucial. Three of nine isolates (33.4%) were resistant, and one isolate (11.2%) was intermediate susceptible to penicillin. Six of the nine isolates (66.7%) had macrolide resistance in our investigation. Invasive pneumococcal infections with serogroups that exist in pneumococcal conjugate vaccine content may occur in vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnihan Ustundag
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Health Sciences University, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eda Karadag-Oncel
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Health Sciences University, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sebahat Sen-Tas
- Department of Microbiology, Health Sciences University, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahu Kara-Aksay
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Health Sciences University, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yilmaz-Ciftdogan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Health Sciences University, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nisel Yilmaz
- Department of Microbiology, Health Sciences University, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ceyhan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Ceyhan M, Aykac K, Gurler N, Ozsurekci Y, Öksüz L, Altay Akısoglu Ö, Öz FN, Emiroglu M, TurkDagi H, Yaman A, Söyletir G, Öztürk C, Akpolat N, Özakin C, Aydın F, Aydemir Ş, Kiremitci A, Gültekin M, Camcıoglu Y, Zer Y, Güdücüoğlu H, Gülay Z, Birinci A, Arabaci C, Karbuz A, Devrim I, Sorguc Y, Baysan BÖ, Karadag Oncel E, Yilmaz N, Altintop YA. Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumonia in children with invasive disease in Turkey: 2015-2018. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2773-2778. [PMID: 32530357 PMCID: PMC7734139 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1747931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the serotype distribution of pneumococcus causing invasive pneumococcal disease (meningitidis, bacteremia and empyema) in children in Turkey, and to observe potential changes in this distribution in time to guide effective vaccine strategies. Methods: We surveyed S. pneumoniae with conventional bacteriological techniques and with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood and pleural fluid. S. pneumoniae strains were isolated from 33 different hospitals in Turkey, which are giving health services to approximately 60% of the Turkish population. Results: A total of 167 cases were diagnosed with invasive pneumococcal disease between 2015 and 2018. We diagnosed 52 (31.1%) patients with meningitis, 104 (62.2%) patients with bacteremia, and 11 (6.6%) patients with empyema. Thirty-three percent of them were less than 2 years old and 56% less than 5 years old. Overall PCV13 serotypes accounted for 56.2% (94/167). The most common serotypes were 19 F (11.9%), 1 (10.7%) and 3 (10.1%). Conclusions: Besides the increasing frequency of non-vaccine serotypes, vaccine serotypes continue to be a problem for Turkey despite routine and high-rate vaccination with PCV13 and significant reduction reported for the incidence of IPD in young children. Since new candidate pneumococcal conjugate vaccines with more serotype antigens are being developed, continuing IPD surveillance is a significant source of information for decision-making processes on pneumococcal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ceyhan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kubra Aykac
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Gurler
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ozsurekci
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lütfiye Öksüz
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Altay Akısoglu
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nur Öz
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melike Emiroglu
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Selcuk University , Konya, Turkey
| | - Hatice TurkDagi
- Department of Microbiology, Selcuk University , Konya, Turkey
| | - Akgün Yaman
- Department of Microbiology, Cukurova University , Adana, Turkey
| | - Güner Söyletir
- Department of Microbiology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Candan Öztürk
- Department of Microbiology, Mersin University , Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Akpolat
- Department of Microbiology, Dicle University , Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Özakin
- Department of Microbiology, Uludag University , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Faruk Aydın
- Department of Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Şöhret Aydemir
- Department of Microbiology, Ege University , Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Meral Gültekin
- Department of Microbiology, Akdeniz University , Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yıldız Camcıoglu
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Zer
- Department of Microbiology, Gaziantep University , Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | - Zeynep Gülay
- Department of Microbiology, Dokuz Eylül University , Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asuman Birinci
- Department of Microbiology, Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Arabaci
- Department of Microbiology, Okmeydani Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adem Karbuz
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Okmeydani Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilker Devrim
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital , İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yelda Sorguc
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital , İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Eda Karadag Oncel
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital , İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nisel Yilmaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital , İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ay Altintop
- Department of Microbiology, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital , Kayseri, Turkey
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