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Li S, Anvari S, Ptacek G, Upadhyay I, Kaminski RW, Sack DA, Zhang W. A broadly immunogenic polyvalent Shigella multiepitope fusion antigen protein protects against Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri lethal pulmonary challenges in mice. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0031623. [PMID: 37795982 PMCID: PMC10652900 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00316-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no licensed vaccines for Shigella, a leading cause of children's diarrhea and a common etiology of travelers' diarrhea. To develop a cross-protective Shigella vaccine, in this study, we constructed a polyvalent protein immunogen to present conserved immunodominant epitopes of Shigella invasion plasmid antigens B (IpaB) and D (IpaD), VirG, GuaB, and Shiga toxins on backbone protein IpaD, by applying an epitope- and structure-based multiepitope-fusion-antigen (MEFA) vaccinology platform, examined protein (Shigella MEFA) broad immunogenicity, and evaluated antibody function against Shigella invasion and Shiga toxin cytotoxicity but also protection against Shigella lethal challenge. Mice intramuscularly immunized with Shigella MEFA protein developed IgG responses to IpaB, IpaD, VirG, GuaB, and Shiga toxins 1 and 2; mouse sera significantly reduced invasion of Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri serotype 2a, 3a, or 6, Shigella boydii, and Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and neutralized cytotoxicity of Shiga toxins of Shigella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in vitro. Moreover, mice intranasally immunized with Shigella MEFA protein (adjuvanted with dmLT) developed antigen-specific serum IgG, lung IgG and IgA, and fecal IgA antibodies, and survived from lethal pulmonary challenge with S. sonnei or S. flexneri serotype 2a, 3a, or 6. In contrast, the control mice died, became unresponsive, or lost 20% of body weight in 48 h. These results indicated that this Shigella MEFA protein is broadly immunogenic, induces broadly functional antibodies, and cross-protects against lethal pulmonary challenges with S. sonnei or S. flexneri serotypes, suggesting a potential application of this polyvalent MEFA protein in Shigella vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Shaghayegh Anvari
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Galen Ptacek
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ipshita Upadhyay
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert W. Kaminski
- Department of Enteric Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - David A. Sack
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Bai G, You L, Long L, Wang D, Wang M, Wang J, Li J, Wei X, Li S. The CRISPR genotypes and genetic diversity of different serogroups of nontyphoidal Salmonella in Guizhou Province, 2013-2018. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278321. [PMID: 36520925 PMCID: PMC9754226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a bacterial and foodborne pathogen that poses a severe public health threat. However, the genetic diversity of different serogroups of nontyphoidal Salmonella in Guizhou is unknown. This study aimed to obtain the RNA secondary structure of the typical direct repeat sequences, the characteristics of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genotypes, and the genetic diversity of different serogroups of nontyphoidal Salmonella strains. The 342 nontyphoidal Salmonella strains were collected from nine cities (prefectures) of Guizhou province during 2013-2018, serotyped by slide agglutination, and examined the molecular genotypes by CRISPR method. The strains were divided into five serogroups. The dominant serogroup was group B (47.08%), followed by group D1 (36.55%). One hundred and thirty-five CRISPR genotypes were detected with 108 novel spacer sequences amongst 981 unique spacer sequences. The diversity of nontyphoidal Salmonella CRISPR loci was not only the deletion, duplication, or point mutation of spacer sequences but also the acquisition of new spacer sequences to form novel genotypes. The CRISPR genotyping was an effective typing method that could reveal the genetic diversity of different nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes except for S. Enteritidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihuan Bai
- The Laboratory of Bacterial Disease, Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lv You
- The Laboratory of Bacterial Disease, Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Long
- The Laboratory of Bacterial Disease, Tongren City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongren, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Wang
- The Laboratory of Bacterial Disease, Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhua Wang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Li
- The Laboratory of Bacterial Disease, Tongren City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongren, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- The Laboratory of Bacterial Disease, Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XW); (SL)
| | - Shijun Li
- The Laboratory of Bacterial Disease, Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XW); (SL)
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Sears KT, Galen JE, Tennant SM. Advances in the development of Salmonella-based vaccine strategies for protection against Salmonellosis in humans. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2640-2658. [PMID: 33665941 PMCID: PMC9292744 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are important human pathogens globally causing millions of cases of typhoid fever and non‐typhoidal salmonellosis annually. There are only a few vaccines licensed for use in humans which all target Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Vaccine development is hampered by antigenic diversity between the thousands of serovars capable of causing infection in humans. However, a number of attenuated candidate vaccine strains are currently being developed. As facultative intracellular pathogens with multiple systems for transporting effector proteins to host cells, attenuated Salmonella strains can also serve as ideal tools for the delivery of foreign antigens to create multivalent live carrier vaccines for simultaneous immunization against several unrelated pathogens. Further, the ease with which Salmonella can be genetically modified and the extensive knowledge of the virulence mechanisms of this pathogen means that this bacterium has often served as a model organism to test new approaches. In this review we focus on (1) recent advances in live attenuated Salmonella vaccine development, (2) improvements in expression of foreign antigens in carrier vaccines and (3) adaptation of attenuated strains as sources of purified antigens and vesicles that can be used for subunit and conjugate vaccines or together with attenuated vaccine strains in heterologous prime‐boosting immunization strategies. These advances have led to the development of new vaccines against Salmonella which have or will soon be tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Sears
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J E Galen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S M Tennant
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Refinement of a Live Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Newport Vaccine with Improved Safety. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010057. [PMID: 33467190 PMCID: PMC7829832 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of gastroenteritis and is responsible for approximately 93 million cases annually. In healthy individuals, gastroenteritis caused by NTS is usually self-limiting, however, NTS can cause severe invasive disease in immunocompromised patients. Very little research has been directed towards development of vaccines against Salmonella serogroups O:6,7 or O:8. We have constructed a live attenuated serogroup O:8 vaccine, CVD 1979, by deleting guaBA, htrA, and aroA from the genome of S. Newport. We have shown that the candidate vaccine is well tolerated in mice and elicits serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against core O-polysaccharide (COPS) when administered orally. Immunized mice were challenged intraperitoneally with wild-type S. Newport and bacterial burden in the liver and spleen was found to be significantly reduced in the livers of immunized mice compared to control mice. We also observed moderate vaccine efficacy (45%) against lethal challenge with the serogroup O:8 serovar, S. Muenchen, but low vaccine efficacy (28%) following lethal challenge with a serogroup O:6,7 serovar, S. Virchow. In vitro, we have shown that antibodies generated by CVD 1979 only recognize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from serogroup O:8 but not serogroup O:6,7 serovars, and that they mediate opsonophagocytic antibody (OPA) activity against serogroup O:8 but not serogroup O:6,7 serovars. We also showed that OPA activity can be blocked by pre-incubating the antisera with serogroup O:8 lipopolysaccharide. Taken together, our data demonstrate that we have constructed a well-tolerated, effective live attenuated S. Newport vaccine which elicits functional antibodies against serogroup O:8 but not O:6,7 serovars.
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Zhang X, He L, Zhang C, Yu C, Yang Y, Jia Y, Cheng X, Li Y, Liao C, Li J, Yu Z, Du F. The impact of sseK2 deletion on Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium virulence in vivo and in vitro. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:182. [PMID: 31390974 PMCID: PMC6686396 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica is regarded as a major public health threat worldwide. Salmonella secretes the novel translocated effector protein K2 (SseK2), but it is unclear whether this protein plays a significant role in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium virulence. Results A ΔsseK2 mutant of S. Typhimurium exhibited similar growth curves, adhesion and invasive ability compared with wild-type (WT) bacteria. However, deletion of sseK2 rendered Salmonella deficient in biofilm formation and the early proliferative capacity of the ΔsseK2 mutant was significantly lower than that of the WT strain. In vivo, the LD50 (median lethal dose) of the ΔsseK2 mutant strain was increased 1.62 × 103-fold compared with the WT strain. In addition, vaccinating mice with the ΔsseK2 mutant protected them against challenge with a lethal dose of the WT strain. The ability of the ΔsseK2 mutant strain to induce systemic infection was highly attenuated compared with the WT strain, and the bacterial load in the animals’ internal organs was lower when they were infected with the ΔsseK2 mutant strain than when they were infected with the WT strain. Conclusions We conclude that sseK2 is a virulence-associated gene that plays a vital role in Salmonella virulence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1543-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Lei He
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China. .,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.
| | - Chunjie Zhang
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China. .,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.
| | - Chuan Yu
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Yadong Yang
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Xiangchao Cheng
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.,Luoyang Polytechnic, 6 Airport Road, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Yinju Li
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Chengshui Liao
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Zuhua Yu
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Fuyu Du
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
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