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Howard Ludlam A, Paynter J, Goodyear-Smith F, Petousis-Harris H. Pertussis epidemiology in adults: Retrospective analysis of pertussis incidence and association with comorbidities among adult populations in Aotearoa New Zealand, using national administrative datasets. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00675-3. [PMID: 38910093 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In New Zealand, approximately half reported pertussis cases are adult. Studies indicate underestimated pertussis burden in this population and probable reservoir for childhood pertussis. Pertussis is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development and increased risk with pre-existing COPD. While acellular pertussis vaccines are available for adults, data on pertussis disease burden in adults and association with COPD remain limited. AIM To estimate pertussis incidence in New Zealand adult health service user (HSU) population aged ≥ 18 between 2008-2019 and inform adult pertussis vaccination strategies by assessing disease burden and risk factors in different adult populations. METHODS Retrospective observational cohort study using an HSU cohort, formed by linking administrative health data using unique National Health Index identifier. For primary analysis, annual incidence rates were calculated using pertussis hospitalisations and notifications. In secondary analysis, Cox proportional hazards survival analyses explored association between pertussis in adults and chronic comorbidities. RESULTS The cohort had 2,907,258 participants in 2008 and grew to 3,513,327 by 2019, with 11,139 pertussis cases reported. Highest annual incidence rate of 84.77 per 100,000 PYRS in 2012, notably affecting females, those aged 30-49 years, and European or Māori ethnicity. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables found no significant risk of prior pertussis notification leading to comorbidity diagnosis (Adjusted-HR: 0.972). However, individuals with prior comorbidity diagnosis had 16 % greater risk of receiving pertussis notification or diagnosis (Adjusted-HR: 1.162). CONCLUSIONS Study found significant pertussis burden among the HSU adult cohort and highlighted higher risk of pertussis for those with recent comorbidity diagnoses. Vaccination for pertussis should be recommended for individuals with comorbidities to reduce infection risk and disease severity. GPs must have capability to test for pertussis, given it is notifiable disease with implications for individuals, their families, and broader population. High-quality disease surveillance is crucial for informing policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Howard Ludlam
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, 22-30 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Janine Paynter
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, 22-30 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Felicity Goodyear-Smith
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, 22-30 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Helen Petousis-Harris
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, 22-30 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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Naeger S, Pool V, Macina D. Increased Burden of Pertussis Among Adolescents and Adults With Asthma or COPD in the United States, 2007 to 2019. Chest 2024; 165:1352-1361. [PMID: 38128608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with chronic respiratory illnesses may be at higher risk of pertussis infection and severe pertussis than those without. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the incidence of pertussis and pertussis complications in cohorts with preexisting asthma or COPD vs age- and sex-matched control patients from the general population in the United States? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This observational, retrospective study included individuals aged ≥ 10 years from an administrative health claims system between 2007 and 2019. Individuals with preexisting asthma or COPD were matched with control patients from the general population. The incidence of pertussis infections and pertussis-related complications were assessed overall and by age. The incidence of asthma or COPD exacerbations was also assessed before and after diagnosis of pertussis. RESULTS In the general population, incidence per 100,000 person-years of pertussis infection ranged from 5.33 in 2007 to 13.04 in 2012, with highest (all years) in those aged 10 to 17 years. The risk of pertussis was higher for the asthma (rate ratio, 3.57; 95% CI, 3.25-3.92) and COPD cohorts (rate ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.57-2.12) than the general population. Those with asthma or COPD had a 4.12-fold (95% CI, 3.16-5.38) and 2.82-fold (95% CI, 2.14-3.27) increased risk of pertussis with complications than the general population, respectively. Exacerbations were most frequent 30 days before pertussis diagnosis (incidence rate [IR], 25%) in the asthma cohort and 30 days before (IR, 26%) and after (IR, 22%) pertussis diagnosis, remaining elevated for 180 days after diagnosis, in the COPD cohort. INTERPRETATION Among these insured individuals, asthma or COPD increased the risk for pertussis disease and complications vs the general population. COPD and asthma exacerbations were observed most frequently within 30 days of receiving a pertussis diagnosis and remained elevated, suggesting a long-term effect of pertussis in the COPD cohort.
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Mallah N, Urbieta AD, Rivero-Calle I, Gonzalez-Barcala FJ, Bigoni T, Papi A, Martinón-Torres F. New Vaccines for Chronic Respiratory Patients. Arch Bronconeumol 2024:S0300-2896(24)00190-X. [PMID: 38876918 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2024.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) are responsible for more than four million deaths worldwide and have become especially prevalent in developed countries. Although the current therapies help manage daily symptoms and improve patients' quality of life, there is a major need to prevent exacerbations triggered mainly by respiratory infections. Therefore, CRD patients are a prime target for vaccination against infectious agents. In the present manuscript we review the state of the art of available vaccines specifically indicated in patients with CRDs. In addition to pneumococcus, influenza, pertussis, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, recently added immunization options like vaccines and monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus, are particularly interesting in CRD patients. As new products reach the market, health authorities must be agile in updating immunization recommendations and in the programming of the vaccination of vulnerable populations such as patients with CRDs. Organizational and educational strategies might prove useful to increase vaccine uptake by CRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen Mallah
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain
| | - Ana Dacosta Urbieta
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Galicia, Spain; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Galicia, Spain; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Gonzalez-Barcala
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Galicia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) , Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela
| | - Tommaso Bigoni
- Respiratory Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Papi
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Galicia, Spain; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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4
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Nasiri MJ, Silva DR, Rommasi F, Zahmatkesh MM, Tajabadi Z, Khelghati F, Sarmastzadeh T, Centis R, D'Ambrosio L, Bombarda S, Dalcolmo MP, Galvão T, de Queiroz Mello FC, Rabahi MF, Pontali E, Solovic I, Tadolini M, Marconi L, Tiberi S, van den Boom M, Sotgiu G, Migliori GB. Vaccination in post-tuberculosis lung disease management: A review of the evidence. Pulmonology 2023:S2531-0437(23)00129-0. [PMID: 37679219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD), as other chronic respiratory disorders, may have infectious complications; some of them can be prevented with vaccinations. So far, no document has discussed the potential role of vaccination in PTLD. Therefore, the objective of this review was to describe vaccination recommendations to prevent infections potentially capable of complicating PTLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A non-systematic review of the literature was conducted. The following keywords were used: tuberculosis, vaccination, vaccines and PTLD. PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were used as the search engine, focusing on English-language literature only. RESULTS We identified 9 vaccines potentially useful in PTLD. Influenza, pneumococcal and anti-COVID-19 vaccinations should be recommended. Patients with PTLD can also benefit from vaccination against shingles. Vaccination against pertussis is mainly relevant during childhood. Diphtheria, tetanus and measles vaccination are recommended for general population and should be considered in patients with PTLD not previously vaccinated. Tdap (Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) booster should be repeated in every adult every ten years. Vaccination against BCG retains its importance during early childhood in countries where TB is endemic. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination deserves to be considered among the strategies to prevent and/or mitigate PTLD complications. Further evidence is necessary to better understand which vaccines have the greatest impact and cost-benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - D R Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - F Rommasi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M M Zahmatkesh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Tajabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Khelghati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - T Sarmastzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Centis
- Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
| | - L D'Ambrosio
- Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - S Bombarda
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Programa de Controle da Tuberculose, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M P Dalcolmo
- Reference Center Hélio Fraga, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T Galvão
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital Especializado Octávio Mangabeira, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - F C de Queiroz Mello
- Thorax Diseases Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M F Rabahi
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - E Pontali
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Solovic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Catholic University, Ruzomberok, Slovakia; National Institute of Tuberculosis, Pulmonary Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Vysne Hagy, Slovakia
| | - M Tadolini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Marconi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Tiberi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT United Kingdom
| | - M van den Boom
- World Health Organisation, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt
| | - G Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - G B Migliori
- Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy.
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5
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Feredj E, Wiedemann A, Krief C, Maitre B, Derumeaux G, Chouaid C, Le Corvoisier P, Lacabaratz C, Gallien S, Lelièvre JD, Boyer L. Immune response to pertussis vaccine in COPD patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11654. [PMID: 37468500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Exacerbation triggered by respiratory infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Strategies aiming to preventing infection may have significant public health impact. Our previous study demonstrated decreased immunological response to seasonal flu vaccination in COPD patients, questioning the efficiency of other vaccines in this group of patients. We performed a prospective, monocenter, longitudinal study that evaluated the humoral and cellular responses upon pertussis vaccination. We included 13 patients with stable COPD and 8 healthy volunteers. No difference in circulating B and T cell subsets at baseline was noted. Both groups presented similar levels of TFH, plasmablasts and pertussis specific antibodies induction after vaccination. Moreover, monitoring T cell immunity after ex-vivo peptide stimulation revealed equivalent induction of functional and specific CD4+ T cells (IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2-expressing T cells) in both groups. Our results highlight the immunological efficiency of pertussis vaccination in this particularly vulnerable population and challenge the concept that COPD patients are less responsive to all immunization strategies. Healthcare providers should stress the necessity of decennial Tdap booster vaccination in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Feredj
- Infectious Disease Department, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor/Albert Chenevier, 94010, Créteil, France.
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC), 94010, Créteil, France.
| | - A Wiedemann
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC), 94010, Créteil, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - C Krief
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC), 94010, Créteil, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - B Maitre
- Department of Physiology, APHP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010, Créteil, France
- Department of Pulmonology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - G Derumeaux
- Department of Physiology, APHP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - C Chouaid
- Department of Pulmonology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - P Le Corvoisier
- INSERM, Clinical Investigation Center 1430, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - C Lacabaratz
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC), 94010, Créteil, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - S Gallien
- Infectious Disease Department, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor/Albert Chenevier, 94010, Créteil, France
- EA Dynamyc, Université Paris Est Créteil-École Vétérinaire de Maison Alfort, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - J D Lelièvre
- Infectious Disease Department, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor/Albert Chenevier, 94010, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC), 94010, Créteil, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - L Boyer
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC), 94010, Créteil, France
- Department of Physiology, APHP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010, Créteil, France
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Gabutti G. Available evidence and potential for vaccines for reduction in antibiotic prescriptions. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2151291. [PMID: 36469620 PMCID: PMC9762846 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2151291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a public health issue. It means that drugs become ineffective, infections persist and have a huge impact on the health of patients and their spreading increases. To address a complex threat such as bacterial antibiotic resistance different and integrated approaches are needed including discovery of new antibiotics, improvement of diagnostics tools and improvement of antibiotic stewardship. Absolutely relevant are prevention of infections as well as decrease in the use of antibiotics. Vaccines are an important tool in the fight against bacterial antibiotic resistance and can help prevent it in several ways. Indeed, vaccines are highly effective in preventing diseases that might otherwise require the use of antibiotics to treat symptoms and associated complications. Preventing infections through vaccination helps reduce the need for and widespread and inappropriate use of antibiotics, including for secondary bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gabutti
- Coordinator Working Group, Vaccines and Immunization Policies of the Italian Scientific Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health (SItI), Cogorno (Ge), Italy,CONTACT Giovanni Gabutti Coordinator Working Group, “Vaccines and Immunization Policies” of the Italian Scientific Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health (SItI), Cogorno (Ge), Italy
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7
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Holban AM, Gregoire CM, Gestal MC. Conquering the host: Bordetella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa molecular regulators in lung infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:983149. [PMID: 36225372 PMCID: PMC9549215 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.983149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
When bacteria sense cues from the host environment, stress responses are activated. Two component systems, sigma factors, small RNAs, ppGpp stringent response, and chaperones start coordinate the expression of virulence factors or immunomodulators to allow bacteria to respond. Although, some of these are well studied, such as the two-component systems, the contribution of other regulators, such as sigma factors or ppGpp, is increasingly gaining attention. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the gold standard pathogen for studying the molecular mechanisms to sense and respond to environmental cues. Bordetella spp., on the other hand, is a microbial model for studying host-pathogen interactions at the molecular level. These two pathogens have the ability to colonize the lungs of patients with chronic diseases, suggesting that they have the potential to share a niche and interact. However, the molecular networks that facilitate adaptation of Bordetella spp. to cues are unclear. Here, we offer a side-by-side comparison of what is known about these diverse molecular mechanisms that bacteria utilize to counteract host immune responses, while highlighting the relatively unexplored interactions between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina M. Holban
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Courtney M. Gregoire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Monica C. Gestal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Monica C. Gestal, ;
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8
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Gabutti G, Cetin I, Conversano M, Costantino C, Durando P, Giuffrida S. Experts' Opinion for Improving Pertussis Vaccination Rates in Adolescents and Adults: A Call to Action. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074412. [PMID: 35410091 PMCID: PMC8998413 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article highlights the importance of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (with reduced antigen content, dTap) vaccination in preventing pertussis, a respiratory infection that is still widespread and easily transmitted. In particular, it highlights the need to receive a booster vaccination throughout life to maintain high antibody levels, which decrease through time. This document collects the opinions that emerged from the comparison between major Italian experts in the field of vaccination. This working group was created to promote a "call to action", aimed at raising awareness among all institutions, public health authorities, and health workers involved in the vaccination process, about the importance of dTap vaccine administration and with the mindset of implementing the strategic vaccination plan provided by the National Vaccine Plan (NVP). In fact, despite this vaccine being included in the NVP, there are some issues attributable to the practice of vaccination (local health authorities, vaccination centers, occupational health services, gynecology centers, societies of work). Therefore, it is necessary that the Ministry defines the vaccination coverage objectives, identifies the groups of subjects who should receive the booster vaccine (subjects exposed to greater risk of infection, subjects over 60, pregnant women), and applies all the necessary measures to encourage the implementation of this practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gabutti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Public Health Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-34-7888-9342
| | - Irene Cetin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department “Woman, Mother and Child”—ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Buzzi Children’ Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Claudio Costantino
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Paolo Durando
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sandro Giuffrida
- Department of Prevention, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
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9
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Choi JH, Correia de Sousa J, Fletcher M, Gabutti G, Harrington L, Holden M, Kim H, Michel JP, Mukherjee P, Nolan T, Welte T, Maggi S. Improving vaccination rates in older adults and at-risk groups: focus on pertussis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1-8. [PMID: 35001333 PMCID: PMC8743159 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-02018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the implementation of effective paediatric vaccination programmes, pertussis remains a global health problem. Disease epidemiology has changed over time, shifting towards the adolescent and adult populations. In adults, the true burden of pertussis is greatly underestimated and pertussis vaccine coverage rates are suboptimal, including individuals with chronic conditions. Here, we report the outcomes of a virtual international scientific workshop to assess the evidence on the burden of pertussis in older adults and identify potential solutions to improve uptake of pertussis vaccines. In adults, pertussis is underdiagnosed in part due to atypical or milder clinical presentation and the lack of testing and case confirmation. However, contemporary epidemiological data denoted an increase in the burden of pertussis among adolescents and adults. This might be related to a variety of reasons including the waning of immunity over time, the lack of booster vaccination, and the improved diagnostic methods that led to increased recognition of the disease in adults. Pertussis sequelae can be severe in older adults, particularly those with existing chronic medical conditions, and the vulnerability of these groups is further enhanced by low pertussis vaccine coverage. Possible measures to increase vaccine uptake include strengthening and harmonisation of immunisation guidelines, healthcare professionals taking a more active role in recommending pertussis vaccination, involvement of vaccination centres and pharmacies in the vaccination process, and improving knowledge of pertussis burden and vaccine efficacy among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Choi
- Catholic University of Eunpyeuong St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaime Correia de Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Giovanni Gabutti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Terry Nolan
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Hannover University School of Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefania Maggi
- CNR Aging Branch, Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
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Hoe Nam L, Chiu CH, Heo JY, Ip M, Jung KS, Menzies R, Pearce R, Buchy P, Chen J, Nissen M, Oh KB. The need for pertussis vaccination among older adults and high-risk groups: a perspective from advanced economies of the Asia Pacific region. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1603-1617. [PMID: 34734556 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1990759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza and pneumococcal vaccines are the most regularly prescribed vaccines amongst adults <65 years of age. Pertussis booster vaccines (available as combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis, Tdap) uptake is relatively low in many countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Increasing Tdap vaccination is a strategy that may aid healthy aging.Areas Covered: Epidemiology data, including notification reports from 6 advanced economies in Asia (Australia, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan) were reviewed to assess the pertussis disease burden and identify high-risk groups. Existing Tdap vaccination recommendations were reviewed. Current vaccination practices were discussed to benchmark and identify barriers and success factors for Tdap booster vaccination in older adults.Expert Opinion: The available evidence supports Tdap vaccination at an individual level for the prevention of pertussis, along with tetanus and diphtheria in those aged 65+ years, together with influenza and pneumococcal vaccination. Data gaps need to be filled to support the development of national/supranational recommendations for pertussis booster vaccination. Groups at higher risk of pertussis infection and its complications, including those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, could be considered as priority groups. Increasing disease awareness and establishing adult vaccination registries could improve vaccine coverage and promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leong Hoe Nam
- Infectious Diseases, Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung Yeon Heo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ki-Suck Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert Menzies
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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11
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Andreoni M, Sticchi L, Nozza S, Sarmati L, Gori A, Tavio M. Recommendations of the Italian society for infectious and tropical diseases (SIMIT) for adult vaccinations. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4265-4282. [PMID: 34524945 PMCID: PMC8828129 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1971473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination prevents 2-3 million deaths worldwide every year. Nevertheless, vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) still cause a considerable number of deaths especially in subjects belonging to "risk groups." These are represented by older adults, immunocompromised individuals and all subjects with underlying chronic medical conditions (cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal and liver chronic diseases, diabetes, immunodeficiency disorders). They have a weaker immune system and, if infected, are more likely to develop severe complications of their condition or of the preventable-infectious disease. This document summarizes the recommendations for vaccination of the main Global Institutional Organizations and analyses the risks of comorbidities associated with infectious disease and the benefits of vaccination for each specific group. The document provides a clear, practical and authoritative guide to adult vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Andreoni
- UOC Infectious diseases Tor Vergata Polyclinic, University Hospital Viale, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Sticchi
- Hygiene Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Nozza
- Medical Director, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana Sarmati
- UOC Infectious diseases Tor Vergata Polyclinic, University Hospital Viale, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- UOC Infectious Diseases, Irccs Ca’Granda Foundation, Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Tavio
- UOC Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Immunosuppressed, AOU Ospedali Riuniti of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Society for Infectious and Tropical Diseases (SIMIT)
- UOC Infectious diseases Tor Vergata Polyclinic, University Hospital Viale, Rome, Italy
- Hygiene Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Medical Director, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- UOC Infectious Diseases, Irccs Ca’Granda Foundation, Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
- UOC Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Immunosuppressed, AOU Ospedali Riuniti of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
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12
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Antonelli-Incalzi R, Blasi F, Conversano M, Gabutti G, Giuffrida S, Maggi S, Marano C, Rossi A, Vicentini M. Manifesto on the Value of Adult Immunization: "We Know, We Intend, We Advocate". Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111232. [PMID: 34835163 PMCID: PMC8625332 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization through vaccination is a milestone achievement that has made a tremendous contribution to public health. Historically, immunization programs aimed firstly to protect children, who were disproportionally affected by infectious diseases. However, vaccine-preventable diseases can have significant impacts on adult mortality, health, and quality of life. Despite this, adult vaccinations have historically been overlooked in favor of other health priorities, because their benefits to society were not well recognized. As the general population is aging, the issue of vaccination in older adults is gaining importance. In high-income countries, recommendations for the routine vaccination of older adults have been gradually introduced. The Italian National Immunization Plan is considered to be among the most advanced adult vaccination plans in Europe. However, available data indicate there is low adherence to vaccination recommendations in Italy. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the damage that can be caused by an infectious disease, especially among adults and individuals with comorbidities. The aim of this “Manifesto”, therefore, is to provide an overview of the existing evidence on the value of adult vaccination, in the Italian context, with a call to action to healthcare providers and health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Antonelli-Incalzi
- Geriatric Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 50129 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Conversano
- Department for Public Health, Local Health Unit Taranto, 74121 Taranto, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Gabutti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Sandro Giuffrida
- Department of Prevention, Local Health Unit Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Stefania Maggi
- Aging Branch, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | | | - Alessandro Rossi
- Italian Society of General Medicine and Primary Care, 50142 Florence, Italy;
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13
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Marchetti F, Prato R, Viale P. Survey among Italian experts on existing vaccines' role in limiting antibiotic resistance. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4283-4290. [PMID: 34591738 PMCID: PMC8828092 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1969853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health problem threatening to reverse the progress made against infectious diseases. The rapid increase of AMR exposes Italian hospitals at increased risk of untreatable infections. Vaccinations can potentially limit AMR by reducing the number of infected cases in need of antibiotics. We conducted a survey among Italian vaccine experts to record their opinion regarding the role of vaccinations against antibiotic resistance (ABR). Among 80 invited experts, 51 answered all questions. Most respondents were experts in hygiene and preventive medicine (56.9%) and aged >50 years (72.6%). ABR was a priority concern in the daily professional activity of 82.4% of respondents. Overall, 47.1% of respondents believed that all vaccinations included in the vaccination calendar played a role against ABR: 92.2% for pertussis vaccination followed by 88.2%, 74.5%, and 70.6% for meningococcus, measles, and varicella vaccinations, respectively. Almost all respondents agreed that the role of vaccinations against ABR should be clearly expressed in the national vaccination guidelines (96.1%) and Scientific Societies should take an explicit position on the issue (92.2%). These results show that Italian experts have recognized the vaccinations’ potential role in limiting ABR and guidelines from the appropriate scientific and governmental authorities are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Prato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.,Department of Hygiene, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Viale
- IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola, Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Pullen R, Miravitlles M, Sharma A, Singh D, Martinez F, Hurst JR, Alves L, Dransfield M, Chen R, Muro S, Winders T, Blango C, Muellerova H, Trudo F, Dorinsky P, Alacqua M, Morris T, Carter V, Couper A, Jones R, Kostikas K, Murray R, Price DB. CONQUEST Quality Standards: For the Collaboration on Quality Improvement Initiative for Achieving Excellence in Standards of COPD Care. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:2301-2322. [PMID: 34413639 PMCID: PMC8370848 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s313498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are managed predominantly in primary care. However, key opportunities to optimize treatment are often not realized due to unrecognized disease and delayed implementation of appropriate interventions for both diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals. The COllaboratioN on QUality improvement initiative for achieving Excellence in STandards of COPD care (CONQUEST) is the first-of-its-kind, collaborative, interventional COPD registry. It comprises an integrated quality improvement program focusing on patients (diagnosed and undiagnosed) at a modifiable and higher risk of COPD exacerbations. The first step in CONQUEST was the development of quality standards (QS). The QS will be imbedded in routine primary and secondary care, and are designed to drive patient-centered, targeted, risk-based assessment and management optimization. Our aim is to provide an overview of the CONQUEST QS, including how they were developed, as well as the rationale for, and evidence to support, their inclusion in healthcare systems. Methods The QS were developed (between November 2019 and December 2020) by the CONQUEST Global Steering Committee, including 11 internationally recognized experts with a specialty and research focus in COPD. The process included an extensive literature review, generation of QS draft wording, three iterative rounds of review, and consensus. Results Four QS were developed: 1) identification of COPD target population, 2) assessment of disease and quantification of future risk, 3) non-pharmacological and pharmacological intervention, and 4) appropriate follow-up. Each QS is followed by a rationale statement and a summary of current guidelines and research evidence relating to the standard and its components. Conclusion The CONQUEST QS represent an important step in our aim to improve care for patients with COPD in primary and secondary care. They will help to transform the patient journey, by encouraging early intervention to identify, assess, optimally manage and followup COPD patients with modifiable high risk of future exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Pullen
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Dept, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anita Sharma
- Platinum Medical Centre, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Dave Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Fernando Martinez
- New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John R Hurst
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luis Alves
- EPI Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mark Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology of China), Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shigeo Muro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tonya Winders
- USA & Global Allergy & Airways Patient Platform, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Blango
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Victoria Carter
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Couper
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rupert Jones
- Research and Knowledge Exchange, Plymouth Marjon University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Konstantinos Kostikas
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ruth Murray
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David B Price
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, UK.,Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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15
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Wilkinson TMA, Van den Steen P, Cheuvart B, Baudson N, Dodet M, Turriani E, Harrington L, Meyer N, Rondini S, Taddei L, Mukherjee P. Seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis Infection in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in England: Analysis of the AERIS Cohort. COPD 2021; 18:341-348. [PMID: 33955798 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2021.1920904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis is underdiagnosed and underreported in adults and patients with underlying conditions. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be at increased risk of severe pertussis. Understanding the true prevalence of pertussis infections in such patients is important. We therefore evaluated the seroprevalence of anti-pertussis toxin (PT) antibodies in a cohort of 40-85-year-old patients diagnosed with moderate, severe or very severe COPD enrolled (between June 2011 and June 2012) in the prospective, observational "Acute Exacerbation and Respiratory InfectionS in COPD" (AERIS; NCT01360398) study, conducted in England. Serum anti-PT antibodies were measured in 104 patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on samples collected 12 months (M12) and 24 months (M24) after enrollment. Overall, 14/104 (13.5%) patients had anti-PT concentrations ≥50 IU/mL at M12 or M24, indicative of exposure to Bordetella pertussis during the preceding 2-3 years. Of these, 6/104 (5.8%) had anti-PT ≥70 IU/mL, of whom 3/104 (2.9%) had anti-PT ≥120 IU/mL, indicative of exposure within 12 and 6 months, respectively. These results show a high circulation of B. pertussis in 40-85-year-old patients with moderate, severe or very severe COPD in England between 2012 and 2014, and call for enhanced immunization to prevent pertussis infections in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom M A Wilkinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.,Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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16
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Aris E, Harrington L, Bhavsar A, Simeone JC, Ramond A, Papi A, Vogelmeier CF, Meszaros K, Lambrelli D, Mukherjee P. Burden of Pertussis in COPD: A Retrospective Database Study in England. COPD 2021; 18:157-169. [PMID: 33866914 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2021.1899155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may increase the risk and severity of pertussis infection. Health care resource utilization (HCRU) and direct medical costs (DMC) of treating pertussis among patients with COPD are unknown. Reported incidence of pertussis among individuals aged ≥ 50 years with COPD was assessed in Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics databases during 2009-2018 using a retrospective cohort design. HCRU and DMC from the National Health Service perspective were compared between patients with COPD and pertussis and propensity score-matched patients with COPD without pertussis. Seventy-eight new pertussis events were identified among 387 086 patients with COPD aged ≥ 50 years (incidence rate: 4.73; 95% confidence interval 3.74-5.91 per 100 000 person-years). HCRU and DMC were assessed among 67 patients with COPD and pertussis and 267 matched controls. During the month before the pertussis diagnosis, the rates of general practitioner (GP)/nurse visits (4289 vs. 1774 per 100 patient-years) and accident and emergency visits (182 vs. 18 per 100 patient-years) were higher in the pertussis cohort; GP/nurse visits (2935 vs. 1705 per 100 patient-years) were also higher during the following 2 months (all p < 0.001). During the month before the pertussis diagnosis, annualized per-patient total DMC were £2012 higher in the pertussis cohort (£3729 vs. £1717; p < 0.001); during the following 2 months, they were £2407 higher (£5498 vs. £3091; p < 0.001). In conclusion, a pertussis episode among individuals with COPD resulted in significant increases in HCRU and DMC around the pertussis event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Papi
- Respiratory Medicine & Research Centre on Asthma and COPD University of Ferrara, Respiratory Unit, Emergency Department, University Hospital S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claus F Vogelmeier
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis in Adult At-Risk Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010018. [PMID: 33406698 PMCID: PMC7824683 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic diseases are at increased risk of complications following infection. It remains, however, unknown to what extend they are protected against vaccine-preventable diseases. We assessed seroprevalence of antibodies against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis to evaluate whether current vaccination programs in Belgium are adequate. Antibody titers were assessed with a bead-based multiplex assay in serum of 1052 adults with chronic diseases. We included patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) (n = 172), DM2 (n = 77), chronic kidney disease (n = 130), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 170), heart failure (n = 77), HIV (n = 196) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients (n = 230). Factors associated with seroprevalence were analysed with multiple logistic regression. We found seroprotective titers in 29% for diphtheria (≥0.1 IU/mL), in 83% for tetanus (≥0.1 IU/mL) and 22% had antibodies against pertussis (≥5 IU/mL). Seroprotection rates were higher (p < 0.001) when vaccinated within the last ten years. Furthermore, diphtheria seroprotection decreased with age (p < 0.001). Tetanus seroprotection was less reached in women (p < 0.001) and older age groups (p < 0.001). For pertussis, women had more often a titer suggestive of a recent infection or vaccination (≥100 IU/mL, p < 0.01). We conclude that except for tetanus, the vast majority of at-risk patients remains susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases such as diphtheria and pertussis.
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