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Shi J, Shen A, Cheng Y, Zhang C, Yang X. 30-Year Development of Inactivated Virus Vaccine in China. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2721. [PMID: 38140062 PMCID: PMC10748258 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivated vaccines are vaccines made from inactivated pathogens, typically achieved by using chemical or physical methods to destroy the virus's ability to replicate. This type of vaccine can induce the immune system to produce an immune response against specific pathogens, thus protecting the body from infection. In China, the manufacturing of inactivated vaccines has a long history and holds significant importance among all the vaccines available in the country. This type of vaccine is widely used in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. China is dedicated to conducting research on new inactivated vaccines, actively promoting the large-scale production of inactivated vaccines, and continuously improving production technology and quality management. These efforts enable China to meet the domestic demand for inactivated vaccines and gain a certain competitive advantage in the international market. In the future, China will continue to devote itself to the research and production of inactivated vaccines, further enhancing the population's health levels and contributing to social development. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the 30-year evolution of inactivated virus vaccines in China, serving as a reference for the development and production of such vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Shi
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Ailin Shen
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
- China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing 100029, China
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Erdem R, De Coster I, Withanage K, Mercer LD, Marchant A, Taton M, Cools N, Lion E, Cassels F, Higgins D, Ivinson K, Locke E, Mahmood K, Wright PF, Gast C, White JA, Ackerman ME, Konopka-Anstadt JL, Mainou BA, Van Damme P. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of inactivated poliovirus vaccine with or without E.coli double mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) adjuvant in healthy adults; a phase 1 randomized study. Vaccine 2023; 41:1657-1667. [PMID: 36746739 PMCID: PMC9996288 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivated trivalent poliovirus vaccine (IPV) induces humoral immunity, which protects against paralytic poliomyelitis but does not induce sufficient mucosal immunity to block intestinal infection. We assessed the intestinal immunity in healthy adults in Belgium conferred by a co-formulation of IPV with the mucosal adjuvant double mutant Labile Toxin (dmLT) derived from Escherichia coli. METHODS Healthy fully IPV-vaccinated 18-45-year-olds were randomly allocated to three groups: on Day 1 two groups received one full dose of IPV (n = 30) or IPV + dmLT (n = 30) in a blinded manner, and the third received an open-label dose of bivalent live oral polio vaccine (bOPV types 1 and 3, n = 20). All groups received a challenge dose of bOPV on Day 29. Participants reported solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AE) using study diaries. Mucosal immune responses were measured by fecal neutralization and IgA on Days 29 and 43, with fecal shedding of challenge viruses measured for 28 days. Humoral responses were measured by serum neutralizing antibody (NAb). RESULTS Solicited and unsolicited AEs were mainly mild-to-moderate and transient in all groups, with no meaningful differences in rates between groups. Fecal shedding of challenge viruses in both IPV groups exceeded that of the bOPV group but was not different between IPV and IPV + dmLT groups. High serum NAb responses were observed in both IPV groups, alongside modest levels of fecal neutralization and IgA. CONCLUSIONS Addition of dmLT to IPV administered intramuscularly neither affected humoral nor intestinal immunity nor decreased fecal virus shedding following bOPV challenge. The tolerability of the dose of dmLT used in this study may allow higher doses to be investigated for impact on mucosal immunity. Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT04232943.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahsan Erdem
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ilse De Coster
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Kanchanamala Withanage
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Laina D Mercer
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Taton
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eva Lion
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Fred Cassels
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah Higgins
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen Ivinson
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily Locke
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kutub Mahmood
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Chris Gast
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica A White
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Bernardo A Mainou
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
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Ong-Lim AL, Shukarev G, Trinidad-Aseron M, Caparas-Yu D, Greijer A, Duchene M, Scheper G, van Paassen V, Le Gars M, Cahill CP, Schuitemaker H, Douoguih M, Jacquet JM. Safety and immunogenicity of 3 formulations of a Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine produced on the PER.C6® cell line: A phase 2, double-blind, randomized, controlled study in infants vaccinated at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2044255. [PMID: 35344464 PMCID: PMC9196784 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2044255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An inactivated poliovirus vaccine candidate using Sabin strains (sIPV) grown on the PER.C6® cell line was assessed in infants after demonstrated immunogenicity and safety in adults. The study recruited 300 infants who were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive one of 3 dose levels of sIPV or a conventional IPV based on Salk strains (cIPV). Poliovirus-neutralizing antibodies were measured before the first dose and 28 days after the third dose. Reactogenicity was assessed for 7 days and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) for 28 days after each vaccination. Serious AEs (SAEs) were recorded throughout the study. Solicited AEs were mostly mild to moderate. None of the SAEs reported in the study were judged vaccine related, including one fatal SAE due to aspiration of vomitus that occurred 26 days after the third dose of low-dose sIPV. After 3 sIPV vaccinations and across all dose levels, seroconversion (SC) rates were at least 92% against Sabin poliovirus types and at least 80% against Salk types, with a dose-response in neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) observed across the 3 sIPV groups. Compared to cIPV, the 3 sIPV groups displayed similar or higher SC rates and GMTs against the 3 Sabin types but showed a lower response against Salk types 1 and 2; this was most visible for Salk type 1. While the PER.C6® cell line-based sIPV showed an acceptable safety profile and immunogenicity in infants, lower seroprotection against type 1 warrants optimization of dose level and additional clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Ong-Lim
- Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Delia Caparas-Yu
- De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Cavite, Philippines
| | - Astrid Greijer
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Duchene
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Scheper
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Conor P Cahill
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
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Zhao H, Ma X, Tang H, Zhang Y, Chen N, Kaisaier W, Wang Q, Wang C, Zhu S, Qi Q, Liu Y, Ma Q, Yang Q, Li J, Wang D, Li X, Xiao J, Zhu H, Xu W, Tong W, Yan D. Circulation of Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in China in 2018-2019. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab535. [PMID: 34926714 PMCID: PMC8677525 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background China implemented the globally synchronized switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent OPV (bOPV) on May 1, 2016. During April 2018 to May 2019, the first outbreak caused by type 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) after the switch occurred in Xinjiang and Sichuan, China. Methods. We performed sequence analysis of VP1 and the whole genome to determine the genomic characteristics of type 2 cVDPVs, and carried out coverage surveys to assess the risk of viral propagation. Surveillance for environment and acute flaccid paralysis was intensified to enhance case ascertainment. Results. Comparison of the complete genomes between early (Xinjiang strain) and late strains (Sichuan strains) revealed that recombination pattern and reverse mutation of attenuation sites had been fixed early, but the mutations of the neutralizing antigenic sites were introduced over the circulation. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo tree showed that the cVDPV2 initial infection was April 2016, earlier than the switch. So, we speculated that the cVDPV2 was originated from tOPV recipients and spread among children with a low level of immunity against the type 2. Conclusions The detection of this outbreak combined acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance with environmental surveillance (ES) indicates that ES should be expanded geographically to further complement AFP surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Zhao
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhen Ma
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haishu Tang
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Chen
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wusiman Kaisaier
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qi
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yang
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhan Li
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Xiao
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Tong
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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