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Kovalev MA, Gladysh NS, Bogdanova AS, Bolsheva NL, Popchenko MI, Kudryavtseva AV. Editing Metabolism, Sex, and Microbiome: How Can We Help Poplar Resist Pathogens? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1308. [PMID: 38279306 PMCID: PMC10816636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poplar (Populus) is a genus of woody plants of great economic value. Due to the growing economic importance of poplar, there is a need to ensure its stable growth by increasing its resistance to pathogens. Genetic engineering can create organisms with improved traits faster than traditional methods, and with the development of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing systems, scientists have a new highly effective tool for creating valuable genotypes. In this review, we summarize the latest research data on poplar diseases, the biology of their pathogens and how these plants resist pathogens. In the final section, we propose to plant male or mixed poplar populations; consider the genes of the MLO group, transcription factors of the WRKY and MYB families and defensive proteins BbChit1, LJAMP2, MsrA2 and PtDef as the most promising targets for genetic engineering; and also pay attention to the possibility of microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A. Kovalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya S. Gladysh
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Alina S. Bogdanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 127434 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Bolsheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Mikhail I. Popchenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Gao J, Li Z, Zhu B, Wang L, Xu J, Wang B, Fu X, Han H, Zhang W, Deng Y, Wang Y, Zuo Z, Peng R, Tian Y, Yao Q. Creation of Environmentally Friendly Super "Dinitrotoluene Scavenger" Plants. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303785. [PMID: 37715295 PMCID: PMC10602510 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Pervasive environmental contamination due to the uncontrolled dispersal of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) represents a substantial global health risk, demanding urgent intervention for the removal of this detrimental compound from affected sites and the promotion of ecological restoration. Conventional methodologies, however, are energy-intensive, susceptible to secondary pollution, and may inadvertently increase carbon emissions. In this study, a 2,4-DNT degradation module is designed, assembled, and validated in rice plants. Consequently, the modified rice plants acquire the ability to counteract the phytotoxicity of 2,4-DNT. The most significant finding of this study is that these modified rice plants can completely degrade 2,4-DNT into innocuous substances and subsequently introduce them into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Further, research reveals that the modified rice plants enable the rapid phytoremediation of 2,4-DNT-contaminated soil. This innovative, eco-friendly phytoremediation approach for dinitrotoluene-contaminated soil and water demonstrates significant potential across diverse regions, substantially contributing to carbon neutrality and sustainable development objectives by repurposing carbon and energy from organic contaminants.
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Xu X, Liu X, Li F, Hao C, Sun H, Yang S, Jiao Y, Lu X. Impact of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Maize 2A-7 on Diversity and Dynamics of Bacterial Communities in Rhizosphere Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2046. [PMID: 37653965 PMCID: PMC10222967 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Artificial modification of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins can effectively improve their resistance to target pests, but the effect of such modification on the diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms remains unclear. Transgenic maize 2A-7 contains two artificially modified Bt proteins, mCry1Ab and mCry2Ab. These proteins can enter soil and pose a potential threat to soil microbial diversity. To assess their impacts on rhizosphere bacteria communities, the contents of the two Bt proteins and changes in bacterial community diversity in the rhizosphere soils of transgenic maize 2A-7 and its control variety were analyzed at different growth stages in 2020. The results showed that the two Bt proteins were detected at low levels in the rhizosphere soils of 2A-7 plants. No significant differences in soil bacterial diversity were detected between 2A-7 and its control variety at any of the growth stages. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the growth stage, rather than the cultivar, was the main factor causing changes in bacterial communities. This research provides valuable data for understanding the impact of Bt crops on the soil microbiome, and establishes a theoretical basis for evaluation of their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.X.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (C.H.); (H.S.); (S.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.X.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (C.H.); (H.S.); (S.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Development Center for Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Fan Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.X.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (C.H.); (H.S.); (S.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chaofeng Hao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.X.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (C.H.); (H.S.); (S.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.X.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (C.H.); (H.S.); (S.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shuke Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.X.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (C.H.); (H.S.); (S.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yue Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xingbo Lu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.X.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (C.H.); (H.S.); (S.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Development Center for Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176, China
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Assessing Impacts of Transgenic Plants on Soil Using Functional Indicators: Twenty Years of Research and Perspectives. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182439. [PMID: 36145839 PMCID: PMC9503467 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of the effects of transgenic plants on microbiota and soil fertility is an important part of the overall assessment of their biosafety. However, the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants has long been focused on the aboveground effects. In this review, we discuss the results of two decades of research on the impact of transgenic plants on the physicochemical properties of soil, its enzyme activities and microbial biomass. These indicators allow us to assess both the short-term effects and long-term effects of cultivating transgenic plants. Most studies have shown that the effect of transgenic plants on the soil is temporary and inconsistent. Moreover, many other factors, such as the site location, weather conditions, varietal differences and management system, have a greater impact on soil quality than the transgenic status of the plants. In addition to the effects of transgenic crop cultivation, the review also considers the effects of transgenic plant residues on soil processes, and discusses the future prospects for studying the impact of genetically modified plants on soil ecosystems.
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Effects of Insect-Resistant Maize 2A-7 Expressing mCry1Ab and mCry2Ab on the Soil Ecosystem. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172218. [PMID: 36079599 PMCID: PMC9460336 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic maize 2A-7 expressing mCry1Ab and mCry2Ab has excellent resistance to lepidopteran pests. Previous studies have investigated the effects of several Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins on the soil. However, the effects of artificially modified Bt proteins on soil ecosystems are still unclear. To evaluate the effects of transgenic maize 2A-7 on soil, the physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and functional diversities of the microbial communities in rhizosphere soils from 2A-7 and its near-isogenic non-transgenic control Dongdan 6531 were analyzed at different developmental stages under field conditions. The alteration of six physicochemical properties (pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic matter, available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen) and six functional enzymes (catalase, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, acid phosphatase, urease and alkaline protease) activities in the rhizosphere soils between the two maize cultivars were drastically correlated with plant growth stage, but not affected by the artificially modified Bt transgenes. An analysis of time-course Biolog data revealed that the functional diversity of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of 2A-7 and its control were similar at each developmental stage. The results suggest that transgenic maize 2A-7 has no significant impact on the soil ecosystem and provide valuable information on scientific safety assessments of 2A-7 and its commercial applications.
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Li Y, Wang C, Ge L, Hu C, Wu G, Sun Y, Song L, Wu X, Pan A, Xu Q, Shi J, Liang J, Li P. Environmental Behaviors of Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt) Insecticidal Proteins and Their Effects on Microbial Ecology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091212. [PMID: 35567212 PMCID: PMC9100956 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bt proteins are crystal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in the early stage of spore formation that exhibit highly specific insecticidal activities. The application of Bt proteins primarily includes Bt transgenic plants and Bt biopesticides. Transgenic crops with insect resistance (via Bt)/herbicide tolerance comprise the largest global area of agricultural planting. After artificial modification, Bt insecticidal proteins expressed from Bt can be released into soils through root exudates, pollen, and plant residues. In addition, the construction of Bt recombinant engineered strains through genetic engineering has become a major focus of Bt biopesticides, and the expressed Bt proteins will also remain in soil environments. Bt proteins expressed and released by Bt transgenic plants and Bt recombinant strains are structurally and functionally quite different from Bt prototoxins naturally expressed by B. thuringiensis in soils. The former can thus be regarded as an environmentally exogenous substance with insecticidal toxicity that may have potential ecological risks. Consequently, biosafety evaluations must be conducted before field tests and production of Bt plants or recombinant strains. This review summarizes the adsorption, retention, and degradation behavior of Bt insecticidal proteins in soils, in addition to their impacts on soil physical and chemical properties along with soil microbial diversity. The review provides a scientific framework for evaluating the environmental biosafety of Bt transgenic plants, Bt transgenic microorganisms, and their expression products. In addition, prospective research targets, research methods, and evaluation methods are highlighted based on current research of Bt proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Guogan Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Lili Song
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Aihu Pan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Qinqing Xu
- Shandong County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan 250003, China;
| | - Jialiang Shi
- Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253000, China;
| | - Jingang Liang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Peng Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201106, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (P.L.)
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Zeng X, Pei T, Song Y, Guo P, Zhang H, Li X, Li H, Di H, Wang Z. A Three-Year Plant Study of Salt-Tolerant Transgenic Maize Showed No Effects on Soil Enzyme Activity and Nematode Community. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030412. [PMID: 35330162 PMCID: PMC8948860 DOI: 10.3390/life12030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental effects of genetically modified crops are now a global concern. It is important to monitor the potential environmental impact of transgenic corn after commercial release. In rhizosphere soil, plant roots interact with soil enzymes and microfauna, which can be affected by the transgenes of genetically modified crops. To determine the long-term impact of transgenic plant cultivation, we conducted a field study for 3 consecutive years (2018–2020) and observed the enzyme activities and nematode populations in plots planted with transgenic maize BQ-2, non-transgenic wild-type maize (Qi319), and inbred line B73. We took soil samples from three cornfields at four different growth stages (V3, V9, R1, and R6 stages); determined soil dehydrogenase, urease, and sucrase activities; and collected and identified soil nematodes to the genus level. The results demonstrated seasonal variations in dehydrogenase, urease, and sucrase activities. However, there was a consistent trend of change. The generic composition and diversity indices of the soil nematodes did not significantly differ, although significant seasonal variation was found in the individual densities of the principal trophic groups and the diversity indices of the nematodes in all three cornfields. The results of the study suggest that a 3-year cultivation of transgenic corn had no significant effects on soil enzyme activity and the soil nematode community. This study provides a theoretical basis for the environmental impact monitoring of transgenic corn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Di
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (Z.W.)
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