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Fortune DG, Richards HL. Exploding Head Syndrome: A Systematic Scoping Review. Sleep Med Clin 2024; 19:121-142. [PMID: 38368060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Exploding head syndrome (EHS) has historically been viewed as a disorder predominantly affecting older people and being more common in females. Through a comprehensive review of data since 2005, this scoping review provides updated evidence from 4082 participants reporting EHS across a variety of study designs on: how EHS presents; key information on comorbidity and correlates of EHS; how EHS is experienced in terms of symptoms and beliefs; causal theories arising from the research reviewed; and evidence-based information on how research has reported on the management of EHS. Since 2005, EHS has attracted increasing research interest; however, there are significant gaps in the research that are hindering a better understanding of EHS that might be helpful for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dónal G Fortune
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland; Health Service Executive, CHO3, Mid West Region, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Helen L Richards
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland; Mercy University Hospital, Grenville Place, Cork, Ireland
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Fotis Sakellariou D, Nesbitt AD, Higgins S, Beniczky S, Rosenzweig J, Drakatos P, Gildeh N, Murphy PB, Kent B, Williams AJ, Kryger M, Goadsby PJ, Leschziner GD, Rosenzweig I. Co-activation of rhythms during alpha band oscillations as an interictal biomarker of exploding head syndrome. Cephalalgia 2020; 40:949-958. [PMID: 32276548 PMCID: PMC7412948 DOI: 10.1177/0333102420902705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Exploding head syndrome is a rarely reported benign sensory parasomnia that may nonetheless have significant impact on patients’ quality of life and their perceived well-being. To date, the mechanisms underlying attacks, characterised by a painless perception of abrupt, loud noises at transitional sleep-wake or wake-sleep states, are by and large unclear. Methods and results In order to address the current gap in the knowledge of potential underlying pathophysiology, a retrospective case-control study of polysomnographic recordings of patients presenting to a tertiary sleep disorders clinic with exploding head syndrome was conducted. Interictal (non-attack associated) electroencephalographic biomarkers were investigated by performing macrostructural and event-related dynamic spectral analyses of the whole-night EEG. In patients with exploding head syndrome, additional oscillatory activity was recorded during wakefulness and at sleep/wake periods. This activity differed in its frequency, topography and source from the alpha rhythm that it accompanied. Conclusion Based on these preliminary findings, we hypothesise that at times of sleep-wake transition in patients with exploding head syndrome, aberrant attentional processing may lead to amplification and modulation of external sensory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Fotis Sakellariou
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander David Nesbitt
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK.,Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Headache Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sean Higgins
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sandor Beniczky
- Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark.,Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Engineering, King's College London, UK
| | - Panagis Drakatos
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nadia Gildeh
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Brian Kent
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Meir Kryger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut, USA
| | - Peter J Goadsby
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK.,Headache Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,NIHR-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Guy Doron Leschziner
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK.,Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark.,Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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