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Liang B, Sun G, Zhang X, Nie Q, Zhao Y, Yang J. Recent Advances, Challenges and Metabolic Engineering Strategies in the Biosynthesis of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2639-2668. [PMID: 35781640 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As an attractive and valuable platform chemical, 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) can be used to produce a variety of industrially important commodity chemicals and biodegradable polymers. Moreover, the biosynthesis of 3-HP has drawn much attention in recent years due to its sustainability and environmental friendliness. Here, we focus on recent advances, challenges and metabolic engineering strategies in the biosynthesis of 3-HP. While glucose and glycerol are major carbon sources for its production of 3-HP via microbial fermentation, other carbon sources have also been explored. To increase yield and titer, synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies have been explored, including modifying pathway enzymes, eliminating flux blockages due to byproduct synthesis, eliminating toxic byproducts, and optimizing via genome-scale models. This review also provides insights on future directions for 3-HP biosynthesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guannan Sun
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjuan Nie
- Foreign Languages School, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- Pony Testing International Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Genome engineering of E. coli for improved styrene production. Metab Eng 2020; 57:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Jers C, Kalantari A, Garg A, Mijakovic I. Production of 3-Hydroxypropanoic Acid From Glycerol by Metabolically Engineered Bacteria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:124. [PMID: 31179279 PMCID: PMC6542942 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
3-hydroxypropanoic acid (3-HP) is a valuable platform chemical with a high demand in the global market. 3-HP can be produced from various renewable resources. It is used as a precursor in industrial production of a number of chemicals, such as acrylic acid and its many derivatives. In its polymerized form, 3-HP can be used in bioplastic production. Several microbes naturally possess the biosynthetic pathways for production of 3-HP, and a number of these pathways have been introduced in some widely used cell factories, such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Latest advances in the field of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have led to more efficient methods for bio-production of 3-HP. These include new approaches for introducing heterologous pathways, precise control of gene expression, rational enzyme engineering, redirecting the carbon flux based on in silico predictions using genome scale metabolic models, as well as optimizing fermentation conditions. Despite the fact that the production of 3-HP has been extensively explored in established industrially relevant cell factories, the current production processes have not yet reached the levels required for industrial exploitation. In this review, we explore the state of the art in 3-HP bio-production, comparing the yields and titers achieved in different microbial cell factories and we discuss possible methodologies that could make the final step toward industrially relevant cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Jers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aida Kalantari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Abhroop Garg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wang B, Zhang X, Yu X, Cui Z, Wang Z, Chen T, Zhao X. Evolutionary engineering of Escherichia coli for improved anaerobic growth in minimal medium accelerated lactate production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2155-2170. [PMID: 30623201 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-09588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic fermentation is a favorable process for microbial production of bulk chemicals like ethanol and organic acids. Low productivity is the bottleneck of several anaerobic processes which has significant impact on the technique competitiveness of production strain. Improving growth rate of production strain can speed up the total production cycle and may finally increase productivity of anaerobic processes. In this work, evolutionary engineering of wild-type strain Escherichia coli W3110 was adopted to improve anaerobic growth in mineral medium. Significant increases in exponential growth rate and stationary cell density were achieved in evolved strain WE269, and a 96.5% increase in lactate productivity has also been observed in batch fermentation of this strain with M9 minimal medium. Then, an engineered strain for lactate production (BW100) was constructed by using WE269 as a platform and 98.3 g/L lactate (with an optical purity of D-lactate above 95%) was produced in a 5-L bioreactor after 48 h with a productivity of 2.05 g/(L·h). Finally, preliminary investigation demonstrated that mutation in sucD (sucD M245I) (encoding succinyl-CoA synthetase); ilvG (ilvG Δ1bp) (encoding acetolactate synthase 2 catalytic subunit), and rpoB (rpoB T1037P) (encoding RNA polymerase β subunit) significantly improved anaerobic growth of E. coli. Double-gene mutation in ilvG and sucD resumed most of the growth potential of evolved strain WE269. This work suggested that improving anaerobic growth of production host can increase productivity of organic acids like lactate, and specific mutation-enabled improved growth may also be applied to metabolic engineering for production of other bulk chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Yu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Cui
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Iterative genome editing of Escherichia coli for 3-hydroxypropionic acid production. Metab Eng 2018; 47:303-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for fermentative production of chemicals in biorefinery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3915-3937. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Liu C, Ding Y, Xian M, Liu M, Liu H, Ma Q, Zhao G. Malonyl-CoA pathway: a promising route for 3-hydroxypropionate biosynthesis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 37:933-941. [PMID: 28078904 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1272093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionate (3HP) is an attractive platform chemical, serving as a precursor to a variety of commodity chemicals like acrylate and acrylamide, as well as a monomer of a biodegradable plastic. To establish a sustainable way to produce these commercially important chemicals and materials, fermentative production of 3HP is widely investigated in recent years. It is reported that 3HP can be produced from several intermediates, such as glycerol, malonyl-CoA, and β-alanine. Among all these biosynthetic routes, the malonyl-CoA pathway has some distinct advantages, including a broad feedstock spectrum, thermodynamic feasibility, and redox neutrality. To date, this pathway has been successfully constructed in various species including Escherichia coli, yeast and cyanobacteria, and optimized through carbon flux redirection, enzyme screening and engineering, and an increasing supply of energy and cofactors, resulting in significantly enhanced 3HP titer up to 40 g/L. These results show the feasibility of commercial manufacturing of 3HP and its derivatives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshui Liu
- a CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China.,b Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Yamei Ding
- b Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Mo Xian
- a CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Min Liu
- a CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Huizhou Liu
- a CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Qingjun Ma
- b Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Guang Zhao
- a CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
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Wang Y, Chen L, Zhang W. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses reveal metabolic responses to 3-hydroxypropionic acid synthesized internally in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:209. [PMID: 27757169 PMCID: PMC5053081 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is an important platform chemical with a wide range of applications. In our previous study, the biosynthetic pathway of 3-HP was constructed and optimized in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, which led to 3-HP production directly from CO2 at a level of 837.18 mg L-1 (348.8 mg/g dry cell weight). As the production and accumulation of 3-HP in cells affect cellular metabolism, a better understanding of cellular responses to 3-HP synthesized internally in Synechocystis will be important for further increasing 3-HP productivity in cyanobacterial chassis. RESULTS Using a engineered 3-HP-producing SM strain, in this study, the cellular responses to 3-HP internally produced were first determined using a quantitative iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS proteomics approach and a LC-MS-based targeted metabolomics. A total of 2264 unique proteins were identified, which represented about 63 % of all predicted protein in Synechocystis in the proteomic analysis; meanwhile intracellular abundance of 24 key metabolites was determined by a comparative metabolomic analysis of the 3-HP-producing strain SM and wild type. Among all identified proteins, 204 proteins were found up-regulated and 123 proteins were found down-regulated, respectively. The proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthesis, ribosome, central carbon metabolism, two-component systems and ABC-type transporters were up-regulated, along with the abundance of 14 metabolites related to central metabolism. The results suggested that the supply of ATP and NADPH was increased significantly, and the precursor malonyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA may also be supplemented when 3-HP was produced at a high level in Synechocystis. Confirmation of proteomic and metabolomic results with RT-qPCR and gene-overexpression strains of selected genes was also conducted, and the overexpression of three transporter genes putatively involved in cobalt/nickel, manganese and phosphate transporting (i.e., sll0385, sll1598 and sll0679) could lead to an increased 3-HP production in Synechocystis. CONCLUSIONS The integrative analysis of up-regulated proteome and metabolome data showed that to ensure the high-efficient production of 3-HP and the normal growth of Synechocystis, multiple aspects of cells metabolism including energy, reducing power supply, central carbon metabolism, the stress responses and protein synthesis were enhanced in Synechocystis. The study provides an important basis for further engineering cyanobacteria for high 3-HP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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