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Huang GL, Liu TT, Mao XM, Quan XY, Sui SY, Ma JJ, Sun LX, Li HC, Shao QS, Wang YN. Insights into the volatile flavor and quality profiles of loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) during shelf-life via HS-GC-IMS, E-nose, and E-tongue. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100886. [PMID: 38144837 PMCID: PMC10739855 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Loquat fruits are among the most popular Chinese fruits because of their unique taste and aroma. The quality profiles of these fruits during 18 days of shelf-life at 20 °C were elucidated by headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), E-nose, and E-tongue. During shelf-life period, the properties and variations of 43 (20 aldehydes, 7 esters, 6 ketones, 1 alcohol, and 1 furan) volatile flavored compounds were determined by GC-IMS, which showed that the contents of methyl 3-methyl butanoate, ethyl acetate, and dimethyl ketone gradually decrease with prolonged shelf-life time, while (E)-2-heptenal, heptanal, (E)-2-pentenal, 1-penten-3-one 3-pentanone and 2-pentylfuran increase. The PCA based on the signal intensity of GC-IMS and E-nose, revealed that loquat fruits are well distinguished at different shelf-life times. The taste profile alternates as the storage time increases, along with higher pH, and lower amounts of total soluble solids, vitamin C, and total phenolics. The visual plots of GC-IMS, E-nose, and E-tongue had good consistency, and they characterized the aroma characteristics of loquat fruits well during different shelf-life periods. The findings of this research provide a useful understanding of the flavors of loquat fruits during their prolonged shelf-life, and a potential research basis for advancements in the loquat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Li Huang
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215105, China
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Suzhou Chien-Shiung Institute of Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215411, China
| | - Xin-Yao Quan
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215105, China
| | - Si-Yao Sui
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215105, China
| | - Jia-Jia Ma
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215105, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Sun
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215105, China
| | - Hao-Cong Li
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215105, China
| | - Qian-Shuo Shao
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215105, China
| | - Yu-Ning Wang
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215105, China
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Yan QJ, Chen YY, Wu MX, Yang H, Cao JP, Sun CD, Wang Y. Phenolics and Terpenoids Profiling in Diverse Loquat Fruit Varieties and Systematic Assessment of Their Mitigation of Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1795. [PMID: 37891875 PMCID: PMC10604257 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare and investigate the phenolic compounds in the peel and flesh of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) and evaluate their ability to protect against alcohol-induced liver oxidative stress, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze 22 phenolics and 2 terpenoid compounds in loquat peel and flesh extracts (extraction with 95% ethanol). Among these, six compounds were identified for the first time in loquat, revealing distinct distribution patterns based on variety and tissue. Various chemical models, such as DPPH, FRAP, ORAC, and ABTS, were used to assess free radical scavenging and metal ion reduction capabilities. The results indicate that peel extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacity compared with flesh extracts. Using a normal mouse liver cell line, AML-12, we explored the protective effects of loquat extracts and individual compounds against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. The findings demonstrate the enhanced cell viability and the induction of antioxidant enzyme activity through the modulation of Nrf2 and Keap1 gene expression. In a C57/BL6 mouse model of alcohol-induced liver damage, loquat extract was found to alleviate liver injury induced by alcohol. The restoration of perturbed serum liver health indicators underscored the efficacy of loquat extract in reclaiming equilibrium. The culmination of these findings significantly bolsters the foundational knowledge necessary to explore the utilization of loquat fruit extract in the creation of health-focused products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Jiao Yan
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100000, China;
| | - Yun-Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Man-Xi Wu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Han Yang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Jin-Ping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Chong-De Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
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Duan M, Li T, Liu B, Yin S, Zang J, Lv C, Zhao G, Zhang T. Zinc nutrition and dietary zinc supplements. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:1277-1292. [PMID: 34382897 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1963664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As the second most abundant trace element in the human body, zinc nutrition is constantly a hot topic. More than one-third population is suffering zinc deficiency, which results in various types of diseases or nutritional deficiencies. Traditional ways of zinc supplementation seem with low absorption rates and significant side effects. Zinc supplements with dietary components are easily accessible and improve zinc utilization rate significantly. Also, mechanisms of maintaining zinc homeostasis are of broad interest. The present review focuses on zinc nutrition in human health in inductive methods. Mainly elaborate on different diseases relating to zinc disorder, highlighting the impact on the immune system and the recent COVID-19. Then raise food-derived zinc-binding compounds, including protein, peptide, polysaccharide, and polyphenol, and also analyze their possibilities to serve as zinc complementary. Finally, illustrate the way to maintain zinc homeostasis and the corresponding mechanisms. The review provides data information for maintaining zinc homeostasis with the food-derived matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoping Duan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyan Lv
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Huang GL, Liu TT, Ma JJ, Sun LX, Sui SY, Quan XY, Wang YN. Anti-polyphenol oxidase mechanism of oligomeric procyanidins and its application on browning control of “Baiyu” loquat during storage. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Huang GL, Sun LX, Ma JJ, Sui SY, Wang YN. Anti-polyphenol oxidase properties of total flavonoids from young loquat fruits: inhibitory activity and mechanism. Bioengineered 2021; 12:640-647. [PMID: 33587004 PMCID: PMC8806263 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1886387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated anti-polyphenol oxidase activity and mechanism of purified total flavonoids (PTF) from young loquat fruits. PTF remarkably inhibited the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) with an IC50 value of 21.03 ± 2.37 μg/mL. Based on enzyme kinetics, PTF was found to be a potent, mixed-type, and reversible inhibitor of PPO. The fluorescence intensity of PPO was quenched by PTF through forming a PTF-PPO complex in a static procedure. Therefore, this study authenticated PTF as an efficient PPO inhibitor, which would contribute to their utilization in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Li Huang
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Suzhou, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Sun
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jia Ma
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Suzhou, China
| | - Si-Yao Sui
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ning Wang
- Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Laboratory, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products CAF , Nanjing, China
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Whitening Activity of Constituents Isolated from the Trichosanthes Pulp. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2582579. [PMID: 32774406 PMCID: PMC7396110 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2582579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Whitening cosmetics market has a bright future, and pure natural whitening products of traditional Chinese medicine have always been a research hotspot. In this research, the whitening active ingredient of Chinese medicine Trichosanthes pulp was isolated and purified for the first time, and its whitening mechanism was clarified. Chromatographic methods such as silica gel, ODS, and HPLC were used to isolate and purify them. B16 cells were used to measure the antioxidant activity, tyrosinase activity, and melanin removal activity. A total of 20 compounds were isolated, including p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1), salicylic acid (2), vanillic acid (3), isovanillic acid (4), protocatechuate (5), trans-cinnamic acid (6), 4-coumaric acid (7), trans-ferulic acid (8), drechslerol-B (9), cyclotucanol 3-palmitate (10), 5-acetoxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (11), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (12), diosmetin (13), apigenin (14), chrysoeriol (15), luteolin (16), 4′-hydroxyscutellarin (17), quercetin (18), 3′,5-dihydroxy-7-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4′-methoxyflavone (19), and cofloxacin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (20). Among them, compounds 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 have good antioxidant repairing effects; compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 have high black inhibition; compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 have obvious tyrosine acidase inhibitory activity. The results laid foundation for the further development and utilization of Trichosanthes pulp resources and also provide a basis for the development of natural whitening cosmetics.
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