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Hao L, Li S, Deng J, Li N, Yu F, Jiang Z, Zhang J, Shi X, Hu X. The current status and future of PD-L1 in liver cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1323581. [PMID: 38155974 PMCID: PMC10754529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of immunotherapy in tumor, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has played an important role in the treatment of advanced unresectable liver cancer. However, the efficacy of ICIs varies greatly among different patients, which has aroused people's attention to the regulatory mechanism of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the immune escape of liver cancer. PD-L1 is regulated by multiple levels and signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including gene variation, epigenetic inheritance, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, and post-translational modification. More studies have also found that the high expression of PD-L1 may be the main factor affecting the immunotherapy of liver cancer. However, what is the difference of PD-L1 expressed by different types of cells in the microenvironment of HCC, and which type of cells expressed PD-L1 determines the effect of tumor immunotherapy remains unclear. Therefore, clarifying the regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 in liver cancer can provide more basis for liver cancer immunotherapy and combined immune treatment strategy. In addition to its well-known role in immune regulation, PD-L1 also plays a role in regulating cancer cell proliferation and promoting drug resistance of tumor cells, which will be reviewed in this paper. In addition, we also summarized the natural products and drugs that regulated the expression of PD-L1 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Hao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shenghao Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinli Shi
- Center of Experimental Management, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wang Z, Na Z, Cui Y, Wei C, Wang S. LncRNA ZFAS1 regulates the hippocampal neurons injury in epilepsy through the miR-15a-5p/OXSR1/NF-κB pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2277-2290. [PMID: 35751788 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to be involved in epilepsy development. It has been reported that lncRNA ZFAS1 plays a vital regulatory role in epilepsy progression. Therefore, the role and molecular mechanism of ZFAS1 in epilepsy progression deserve further investigation. Mice status epilepticus (SE) model was constructed, and hippocampal neurons were isolated from mice hippocampus tissues. The expression of ZFAS1, miR-15a-5p and oxidative stress responsive 1 (OXSR1) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. ELISA assay was used to detect the concentrations of inflammation factors. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by MTT assay, EdU staining and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was conducted to measure protein levels, and the productions of SOD and MDA were measured to assess cell oxidative stress. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were employed to validate the relationship between miR-15a-5p and ZFAS1 or OXSR1. LncRNA ZFAS1 was highly expressed in SE mice and SE-stimulated hippocampal neurons. Silenced ZFAS1 promoted viability, while inhibited inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in SE-induced hippocampal neurons. MiR-15a-5p could be targeted by ZFAS1, and its inhibitor also reversed the suppressive effect of ZFAS1 knockdown on SE-induced hippocampal neurons injury. In addition, OXSR1 was a target of miR-15a-5p, and its silencing also could relieve SE-induced hippocampal neurons injury. OXSR1 overexpression reversed the inhibition effect of miR-15a-5p on SE-induced hippocampal neurons injury. Moreover, ZFAS1 positively regulated OXSR1 expression by sponging miR-15a-5p, thereby activating the NF-κB pathway. LncRNA ZFAS1 might contribute to the progression of epilepsy by regulating the miR-15a-5p/OXSR1/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengmian Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, 148-Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Na
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mudanjiang First People's Hospital, No. 76 Jianwei Road, Aimin District, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tangyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West of Hazhao Road, Tangyuan, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunjie Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Xiangyang District, Dexiang Street No.348, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, China
| | - Shuqiu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, 148-Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Nie Y, Zhu X, Bu N, Jiang Y, Su Y, Pan K, Li S. Circ_0064288 acts as an oncogene of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting miR-335-5p expression and promoting ROCK1 expression. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:265. [PMID: 35287604 PMCID: PMC8919637 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reportedly, circular RNA (circRNA) is a key modulator in the development of human malignancies. This work is aimed to probe the expression pattern, biological effects and mechanism of circ_0064288 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Methods The differentially expressed circRNA was screened by analyzing the expression profiles of circRNAs in HCC tissues and normal tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the expression of circ_0064288, miR-335-5p and Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) mRNA in HCC specimens. After circ_0064288 was overexpressed or knocked down in HCC cells, cell growth was detected by the CCK-8 experiment, and cell migration was evaluated using Transwell experiment and scratch healing experiment. The targeting relationship between miR-335-5p and circ_0064288 and ROCK1 mRNA was predicted and verified using bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments, respectively. Western blot was executed to examine ROCK1 protein expression in HCC cells. Results Circ_0064288 and ROCK1 expression was up-modulated in HCC, while miR-335-5p was down-modulated. High circ_0064288 expression was associated with shorter survival time of HCC patients. It was also revealed that circ_0064288 overexpression remarkably enhanced HCC cell growth and migration, while knockdown of circ_0064288 induced opposite effects. Additionally, circ_0064288 could competitively bind with miR-335-5p thereby up-modulate ROCK1 expression. MiR-335-5p overexpression partly counteracted the effect of circ_0064288 overexpression on HCC cells. Conclusion Circ_0064288 facilitates HCC cell growth and migration by modulating the miR-335-5p/ROCK1 axis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09323-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiamusi Central Hospital, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuedan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nan Bu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiamusi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.326 Jiefang Road, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiamusi Central Hospital, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiamusi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.326 Jiefang Road, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Keming Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiamusi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.326 Jiefang Road, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiamusi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.326 Jiefang Road, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.
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4
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Huang C, Zhang C, Sheng J, Wang D, Zhao Y, Qian L, Xie L, Meng Z. Identification and Validation of a Tumor Microenvironment-Related Gene Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis. Front Genet 2021; 12:717319. [PMID: 34899826 PMCID: PMC8662347 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.717319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical inflammatory-related malignant tumor with complex immune tolerance microenvironment and poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to construct a novel immune-related gene signature for the prognosis of HCC patients, exploring tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration characterization and potential mechanisms. Methods: A total of 364 HCC samples with follow-up information in the TCGA-LIHC dataset were analyzed for the training of the prognostic signature. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation (LASSO) regression based on the IRGs was conducted to identify the prognostic genes and establish an immune risk signature. The immune cell infiltration in TME was estimated via the CIBERSORT method. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) was conducted to compare the biological pathways involved in the low-risk and high-risk groups. Furthermore, paraffin sections of HCC tissue microarrays containing 77 patients from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were used for IHC staining. The clinical characteristics of the 77 HCC patients were collected and summarized for survival analysis validation via the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method. Results: Three-gene signature with close immune correlation (Risk score = EPO * 0.02838 + BIRC5 * 0.02477 + SPP1 * 0.0002044) was constructed eventually and proven to be an effective prognostic factor for HCC patients. The patients were divided into a high-risk and a low-risk group according to the optimal cutoff, and the survival analysis revealed that HCC samples with high-risk immuno-score had significantly poorer outcomes than the low-risk group (p < 0.0001). The results of CIBERSORT suggested that the immune cell activation was relatively higher in the low-risk group with better prognosis. Besides, GSVA analysis showed multiple signaling differences between the high- and low-risk group, indicating that the three-gene prognostic model can affect the prognosis of patients by affecting immune-related mechanisms. Tissue microarray (TMA) results further confirmed that the expression of three genes in HCC tissues was closely related to the prognosis of patients, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we constructed and validated a robust three-gene signature with close immune correlation in HCC, which presented a reliable performance in the prediction of HCC patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjing Huang
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingke Zhao
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Qian
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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System Analysis of ROS-Related Genes in the Prognosis, Immune Infiltration, and Drug Sensitivity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6485871. [PMID: 34795841 PMCID: PMC8593590 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6485871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in tumors; however, the role of ROS-related genes is still unclear in HCC. Therefore, we analyzed the role of ROS-related genes in HCC via bioinformatics methods. Firstly, a prognosis model was constructed using LASSO Cox regression and multivariate analyses. We also investigated the potential function of the ROS-related genes and the correlation with immune infiltration, tumor stemness, and drug sensitivity. ICGC database was used for validation. Secondly, we further analyzed the role of 11 ROS-related genes in HCC. As a member of ROS gene family, the role of STK25 has remained unclear in HCC. We explored the biological function of STK25 using in vitro experiments. The present study was the first to construct a ROS-related prognostic model in HCC. The correlation of ROS-related genes with immune infiltration, tumor stemness, and drug sensitivity was dissected. Furthermore, we demonstrated that STK25 knockdown could increase the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity of HCC cells.
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6
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Chu J, Geng G, Ai X, Jia W, Wang J, Xu B, Kong X, Kong L. LINC01291 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development by targeting miR-186-5p/OXSR1 axis. J Gene Med 2021; 24:e3394. [PMID: 34665488 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis. LINC01291 has been proven to be involved in the proliferation and migration of different cancers, but the function of LINC01291 in HCC is still unknown. METHODS First, the expression of LINC01291 in 50 paired HCC tissues, adjacent normal tissues and HCC cell lines was measured by qRT-PCR. Then, the function of LINC01291 in HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion was measured by colony formation, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assays, wound healing assays and Transwell assays. In addition, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and OXSR1 protein expression levels were assessed via western blotting. Luciferase reporter assays were used to prove the relationship between LINC01291 and miR-186-5p as well as miR-186-5p and OXSR1 mRNA. Rescue assays and in vivo experiments further confirmed the LINC01291/miR-186-5p/OXSR1 axis in the progression of HCC. RESULTS LINC01291 was upregulated in both HCC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of LINC01291 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT progression of HCC cells. In addition, LINC01291 could overexpress OXSR1 by sponging miR-186-5p, and OXSR1 overexpression or miR-186-5p inhibition could rescue the effect of LINC01291 knockdown in YY-8103 cell lines. In addition, lentiviral sh-LINC01291 could effectively inhibit the growth of subcutaneous YY-8103 xenograft tumors, while the anticancer effect could be reversed by cotransfection with in-miR-186-5p or ov-OXSR1. CONCLUSIONS LINC01291 can promote the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of HCC cells via the miR-186-5p/OXSR1 axis, and sh-LINC01291 can inhibit tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyong Geng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoming Ai
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbo Jia
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangxu Kong
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Lianbao Kong
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
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7
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The Role of Oncogenes and Redox Signaling in the Regulation of PD-L1 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174426. [PMID: 34503236 PMCID: PMC8431622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells can evade the immune system via multiple mechanisms, including the dysregulation of the immune checkpoint signaling. These signaling molecules are important factors that can either stimulate or inhibit tumor immune response. Under normal physiological conditions, the interaction between programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), negatively regulates T cell function. In cancer cells, high expression of PD-L1 plays a key role in cancer evasion of the immune surveillance and seems to be correlated with clinical response to immunotherapy. As such, it is important to understand various mechanisms by which PD-L1 is regulated. In this review article, we provide an up-to-date review of the different mechanisms that regulate PD-L1 expression in cancer. We will focus on the roles of oncogenic signals (c-Myc, EML4-ALK, K-ras and p53 mutants), growth factor receptors (EGFR and FGFR), and redox signaling in the regulation of PD-L1 expression and discuss their clinical relevance and therapeutic implications. These oncogenic signalings have common and distinct regulatory mechanisms and can also cooperatively control tumor PD-L1 expression. Finally, strategies to target PD-L1 expression in tumor microenvironment including combination therapies will be also discussed.
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Ren X, Li A, Ying E, Fang J, Li M, Yu J. Upregulation of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) predicts poor prognosis and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Bioengineered 2021; 12:1530-1542. [PMID: 33934686 PMCID: PMC8806210 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1918507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reportedly, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) is closely related to the progression of several malignancies. This work is aimed to probe the role of UBE2T in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The microarray analysis was executed to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCC tissues. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA2) databases, PCR and immunohistochemistry were utilized to validate the dysregulation of UBE2T in HCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to determine the relationship between UBE2T expression and the prognosis of HCC patients. PCR was carried out to detect UBE2T protein expression in HCC cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and 5-bromo-2ʹ-deoxyuridine (BrdU) experiments were conducted to examine the proliferation of HCC cells. Scratch healing and Transwell experiments were conducted to examine the migration of HCC cells. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments predicted and validated the targeting relationship with miR-212-5p and UBE2T. We found that UBE2T expression was remarkably up-modulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, and its high expression was linked to a worse prognosis in HCC patients. UBE2T overexpression enhanced HCC cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, UBE2T was verified as a downstream target of miR-212-5p. In conclusion, UBE2T overexpression is markedly linked to unfavorable prognosis in HCC patients. UBE2T, regulated by miR-212-5p, significantly enhances the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells, which can be used as a target for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Ren
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Alex Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Edward Ying
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jhin Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiao Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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9
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You L, Zhao Y, Kuca K, Wang X, Oleksak P, Chrienova Z, Nepovimova E, Jaćević V, Wu Q, Wu W. Hypoxia, oxidative stress, and immune evasion: a trinity of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON). Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1899-1915. [PMID: 33765170 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) are type A and B trichothecenes, respectively. They widely occur as pollutants in food and crops and cause a series of toxicities, including immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Oxidative stress is the primary mechanistic basis of these toxic effects. Increasing amounts of evidence have shown that mitochondria are significant targets of apoptosis caused by T-2 toxin- and DON-induced oxidative stress via regulation of Bax/B-cell lymphoma-2 and caspase-3/caspase-9 signaling. DNA methylation and autophagy are involved in oxidative stress related to apoptosis, and hypoxia and immune evasion are related to oxidative stress in this context. Hypoxia induces oxidative stress by stimulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and regulates the expression of cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Programmed cell death-ligand 1 is upregulated by these cytokines and by hypoxia-inducible factor-1, which allows it to bind to programmed cell death-1 to enable escape of immune cell surveillance and achievement of immune evasion. This review concentrates on novel findings regarding the oxidative stress mechanisms of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin and DON. Importantly, we discuss the new evidence regarding the connection of hypoxia and immune evasion with oxidative stress in this context. Finally, the trinity of hypoxia, oxidative stress and immune evasion is highlighted. This work will be conducive to an improved understanding of the oxidative stress caused by trichothecene mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li You
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vesna Jaćević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department for Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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10
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Li H, Zhang X, Wang P, Zhou X, Liang H, Li C. Knockdown of circ-FANCA alleviates LPS-induced HK2 cell injury via targeting miR-93-5p/OXSR1 axis in septic acute kidney injury. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:7. [PMID: 33468219 PMCID: PMC7816370 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is life-threatening disease with systemic inflammation and can lead to various diseases, including septic acute kidney injury (AKI). Recently, diverse circular RNAs (circRNAs) are considered to be involved in the development of this disease. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of circ-FANCA and the potential action mechanism in sepsis-induced AKI. METHODS HK2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish septic AKI cell model. The expression of circ-FANCA, microRNA-93-5p (miR-93-5p) and oxidative stress responsive 1 (OXSR1) mRNA was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability was assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were measured by flow cytometry. The inflammatory response was monitored according to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activities of oxidative indicators were examined using the corresponding kits. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were applied to validate the interaction between miR-93-5p and circ-FANCA or OXSR1. Protein analysis was conducted through western blot. RESULTS Circ-FANCA was upregulated in septic AKI serum specimens and LPS-treated HK2 cells. Functionally, circ-FANCA knockdown facilitated cell proliferation and restrained apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-triggered HK2 cells. Further mechanism analysis revealed that miR-93-5p was a target of circ-FANCA and circ-FANCA modulated LPS-induced cell damage by targeting miR-93-5p. Meanwhile, miR-93-5p overexpression repressed LPS-treated HK2 cell injury by sponging OXSR1. Furthermore, circ-FANCA regulated OXSR1 expression by sponging miR-93-5p. Besides, exosome-derived circ-FANCA was upregulated in LPS-induced HK2 cells, which was downregulated by GW4869. CONCLUSION Circ-FANCA knockdown attenuated LPS-induced HK2 cell injury by regulating OXSR1 expression via targeting miR-93-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyun Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nucler Industry, Xianyang, 712000, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Rulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hanzhong City Central Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, 721008, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Vascular Intervention, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Haiying Liang
- Department of Rulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Caoni Li
- Department of Hematology, Shangluo Central Hospital, No. 148 Beixin Street, Shangluo, 726000, China.
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