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Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G, Raileanu M, Dionisie MV, Lixandru-Petre IO, Iliescu C. Fast detection of bacterial gut pathogens on miniaturized devices: an overview. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:201-218. [PMID: 38347807 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2316756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gut microbes pose challenges like colon inflammation, deadly diarrhea, antimicrobial resistance dissemination, and chronic disease onset. Development of early, rapid and specific diagnosis tools is essential for improving infection control. Point-of-care testing (POCT) systems offer rapid, sensitive, low-cost and sample-to-answer methods for microbe detection from various clinical and environmental samples, bringing the advantages of portability, automation, and simple operation. AREAS COVERED Rapid detection of gut microbes can be done using a wide array of techniques including biosensors, immunological assays, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular biology. Inclusion of Internet of Things, machine learning, and smartphone-based point-of-care applications is an important aspect of POCT. In this review, the authors discuss various fast diagnostic platforms for gut pathogens and their main challenges. EXPERT OPINION Developing effective assays for microbe detection can be complex. Assay design must consider factors like target selection, real-time and multiplex detection, sample type, reagent stability and storage, primer/probe design, and optimizing reaction conditions for accuracy and sensitivity. Mitigating these challenges requires interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, clinicians, engineers, and industry partners. Future efforts are essential to enhance sensitivity, specificity, and versatility of POCT systems for gut microbe detection and quantification, advancing infectious disease diagnostics and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Division of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, The Research Institute of University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mina Raileanu
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihai Viorel Dionisie
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina-Oana Lixandru-Petre
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ciprian Iliescu
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- Microsystems in Biomedical and Environmental Applications, National Research and Development Institute for Microtechnology, Bucharest, Romania
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Wu W, Kiat Goh SC, Cai G, Feng S, Zhang B. Digital metabolic activity assay enables fast assessment of 2D materials bactericidal efficiency. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1285:342007. [PMID: 38057056 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification and quantification of viable Escherichia coli (E. coli) are important in multiple fields including the development of antimicrobial materials, water quality, food safety and infections diagnosis. However, the standard culture-based methods of viable E. coli detection suffer from long detection times (24 h) and complex operation, leaving the unmet requirement for fast assessing the efficiency of antimicrobial materials, early alerting the contamination of water and food, and immediately treatment of infections. RESULTS We present a digital β-d-glucuronidase (GUS) assay in a self-priming polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip for rapid E. coli identification and quantification. The GUS expression in viable bacteria was investigated to develop a fast GUS assay at the single-cell level. Single E. coli were stochastically discretized in picoliter chambers and identified by specific GUS activity. The digital GUS assay enabled identifying E. coli within 3 h and quantifying within 4 h for different E. coli subtypes. The specificity of our method was confirmed by using blended bacteria including E. coli, Bacillus, Shigella and Vibrio. We utilized digital GUS assay to enumerate viable E. coli after incubated with antibacterial materials for assessing the antibacterial efficiency. Moreover, the degassed chip can realize automatic sample distribution without external instruments. SIGNIFICANCE The results demonstrated the functionality and practicability of digital GUS assay for single E. coli identification and quantification. With air-tight packaging, the developed chip has the potential for on-site E. coli analysis and could be deployed for diagnosis of E. coli infections, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and warning the fecal pollution of water. Digital GUS assay provides a paradigm, examining the activity of metabolic enzyme, for detecting the viable bacteria other than E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Simon Chun Kiat Goh
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Gaozhe Cai
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shilun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | - Boran Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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Mitrogiannopoulou AM, Tselepi V, Ellinas K. Polymeric and Paper-Based Lab-on-a-Chip Devices in Food Safety: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:986. [PMID: 37241610 PMCID: PMC10223399 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Food quality and safety are important to protect consumers from foodborne illnesses. Currently, laboratory scale analysis, which takes several days to complete, is the main way to ensure the absence of pathogenic microorganisms in a wide range of food products. However, new methods such as PCR, ELISA, or even accelerated plate culture tests have been proposed for the rapid detection of pathogens. Lab-on-chip (LOC) devices and microfluidics are miniaturized devices that can enable faster, easier, and at the point of interest analysis. Nowadays, methods such as PCR are often coupled with microfluidics, providing new LOC devices that can replace or complement the standard methods by offering highly sensitive, fast, and on-site analysis. This review's objective is to present an overview of recent advances in LOCs used for the identification of the most prevalent foodborne and waterborne pathogens that put consumer health at risk. In particular, the paper is organized as follows: first, we discuss the main fabrication methods of microfluidics as well as the most popular materials used, and then we present recent literature examples for LOCs used for the detection of pathogenic bacteria found in water and other food samples. In the final section, we summarize our findings and also provide our point of view on the challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kosmas Ellinas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Ierou Lochou & Makrygianni St, GR 81400 Myrina, Greece
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Canciu A, Cernat A, Tertis M, Botarca S, Bordea MA, Wang J, Cristea C. Proof of Concept for the Detection with Custom Printed Electrodes of Enterobactin as a Marker of Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179884. [PMID: 36077283 PMCID: PMC9456371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and decentralized detection of bacteria from biomedical, environmental, and food samples has the capacity to improve the conventional protocols and to change a predictable outcome. Identifying new markers and analysis methods represents an attractive strategy for the indirect but simpler and safer detection of pathogens that could replace existing methods. Enterobactin (Ent), a siderophore produced by Escherichia coli or other Gram-negative bacteria, was studied on different electrode materials to reveal its electrochemical fingerprint—very useful information towards the detection of the bacteria based on this analyte. The molecule was successfully identified in culture media samples and a future goal is the development of a rapid antibiogram. The presence of Ent was also assessed in wastewater and treated water samples collected from the municipal sewage treatment plant, groundwater, and tap water. Moreover, a custom configuration printed on a medical glove was employed to detect the target in the presence of another bacterial marker, namely pyocyanin (PyoC), that being a metabolite specific of another pathogen bacterium, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Such new mobile and wearable platforms offer considerable promise for rapid low-cost on-site screening of bacterial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Canciu
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Cernat
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tertis
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Silvia Botarca
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Madalina Adriana Bordea
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Liu J, Lin X, Soteyome T, Ye Y, Chen D, Yang L, Xu Z. A strategy design based on antibiotic‑resistance and plasmid replicons genes of clinical Escherichia coli strains. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7500-7514. [PMID: 35259054 PMCID: PMC9208507 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2047543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since antimicrobial resistance, especially β-lactam resistance genes were common in clinical Escherichia coli strains, this study had designed and developed multiplex amplification platform for rapid and accurate detection of such resistance genes in 542 clinical E. coli isolates. The obtained specimens were subjected to bacteriological examination, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and detection of β-lactamase genes and plasmid replicons. The major virulence genes were detected by 7 groups of multiplex PCR and eight groups of multiplex PCR were designed to detect 8 different plasmid replicons including parA-parB, iteron, repA, and RNAI. It was found that most MDR isolates were co-resistant to penicillins (AMP) and fluoroquindones (LVX, CIP) and distribution of LVX and CIP resistance was significantly higher among female than male gender. RNAI (AY234375) showed the highest detection rate, followed by the iteron (J01724) and repA (M26308), indicating the relatively higher carriage rate of corresponding plasmids. BlaOXA acquired the highest carriage rate, followed by group 2 blaCTX-M and blaSHV-1, indicating their prevalence among clinical E. coli. Among the β-lactamase genes, blaOXA acquired the highest carriage rate, followed by group 2 blaCTX-M and blaSHV-1, indicating their prevalence among clinical E. coli. The RNAI (AY234375) showed the highest detection rate, followed by the iteron (J01724) and repA (M26308), indicating the relatively higher carriage rate of the corresponding plasmids by clinical E. coli isolates. It is shown that the developed multiplex amplification methodology is applicable to AMR detection, and such identification of plasmid replicons and β-lactamase genes may aid in the understanding of clinical E. coli isolate epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Innovation Research Institute of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.,Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xin Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Thanapop Soteyome
- Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yanrui Ye
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingqiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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