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Kim JH, Yu H, Kang JH, Hong EH, Kang MH, Seong M, Cho H, Shin YU. MicroRNA Regulation for Inflammasomes in High Glucose-Treated ARPE-19 Cells. J Ophthalmol 2024; 2024:3654690. [PMID: 39220230 PMCID: PMC11366061 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3654690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and inflammasomes in diabetes-induced retinal cells and to determine their role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods To establish diabetes-induced cell models, ARPE-19 cells were treated with high glucose. The expression levels of five miRNAs (miR-185, miR-17, miR-20a, miR-15a, and miR-15b) were measured in high glucose-treated ARPE-19 cells using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was performed to measure inflammasome expression in cellular models. miR-17 was selected as the target miRNA, and inflammasome expression was measured following the transfection of an miR-17 mimic into high glucose-treated ARPE-19 cells. Results In high glucose-treated ARPE-19 cells, miRNA expression was substantially downregulated, whereas that of inflammasome components was significantly increased. Following the transfection of the miR-17 mimic into high glucose-treated ARPE-19 cells, the levels of inflammasome components were significantly decreased. Conclusions This study investigated the relationship between miRNAs and inflammasomes in diabetes-induced cells using high glucose-treated ARPE-19 cells. These findings suggested that miR-17 suppresses inflammasomes, thereby reducing the subsequent inflammatory response and indicating that miRNAs and inflammasomes could serve as new therapeutic targets for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hong Kim
- Department of OphthalmologyHanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of OphthalmologyHanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoseon Yu
- Department of OphthalmologyHanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kang
- Department of OphthalmologyHanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Hong
- Department of OphthalmologyHanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of OphthalmologyHanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyHanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Kang
- Department of OphthalmologyHanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of OphthalmologyHanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mincheol Seong
- Department of OphthalmologyHanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of OphthalmologyHanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- NOON Eye Clinic, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoon Cho
- Department of OphthalmologyHanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of OphthalmologyHanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- NOON Eye Clinic, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Un Shin
- Department of OphthalmologyHanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of OphthalmologyHanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyHanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Xi X, Chen Q, Ma J, Wang X, Zhang J, Li Y. Sestrin2 ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by regulating autophagy and ferroptosis. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:169-184. [PMID: 38165565 PMCID: PMC10991044 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Sestrin2 on DR through the regulation of autophagy and ferroptosis levels and its mechanism. In vitro and in vivo DR models were established by high glucose (HG) and streptozotocin (STZ) induction of ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells and C57BL/6 mice, respectively. In this study, we demonstrated that after HG treatment, the activity of ARPE-19 cells was decreased, the apoptosis rate was increased, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was activated, autophagy levels were decreased, and ferroptosis levels were increased. Overexpression of Sestrin2 enhanced cell viability, reduced apoptosis and ferroptosis, and enhanced autophagy. However, the effect of overexpression of Sestrin2 was attenuated after the addition of the STAT3 phosphorylation activator Colivelin TFA (C-TFA), the mTOR pathway activator MHY1485 or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). In addition, the effect of Sestrin2 knockdown on cells was opposite to the effect of overexpression of Sestrin2, while the effect of Sestrin2 knockdown was attenuated after treatment with the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA). Animal experiments also confirmed the results of cell experiments and attenuated the effects of overexpression of Sestrin2 after injection of the ferroptosis activators erastin or 3-MA. Our study revealed that Sestrin2 inhibits ferroptosis by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation and ER stress and promoting autophagy levels, thereby alleviating DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Xi
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Qianbo Chen
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China.
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Long C, Feng H, Liu Z, Li Z, Liu J, Jiang Y, Yue R. Efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine injection for diabetic kidney disease: A network meta analysis and systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1028257. [PMID: 36874023 PMCID: PMC9981802 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1028257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an important public health problem worldwide that increases the mortality of patients and incurs high medical costs. Traditional Chinese Medicine injections (TCMIs) are widely used in clinical practice. However, their efficacy is unknown owing to a lack of definitive evidence. This study conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine injections in the treatment of DKD to provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods: Total 7 databases had been searched, which included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese scientific journal database (VIP), WanFang, and SinoMed. Only randomised controlled trials (RCT) had been included for analysis. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database until 20 July 2022. Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Network meta-analyses, and Trial Sequential Analyses (TSA) were used to analysis the effectiveness of the included RCTs for DKD. The Stata 15.1 and R 4.0.4 were used to perform the network meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess the robustness of the findings. The effect of the intervention evidence are summarized on the basis of the minimum background framework. Results: NMA showed that the total effective rate of SMI, DCI, DHI, HQI, and SKI combined with alprostadil injection (PGE1) was better than PGE1 single used. Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve values, PGE1+DHI was the most effective for urinary albumin excretion rate and 24 h urinary albumin, PGE1+HQI was the most effective for the total response rate and β2-MG, and PGE1+SKI was the most effective for serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Cluster analysis found that PGE1+HQI and PGE1+SKI could be the best treatments in terms of primary outcome measures. PGE1+SKI was found to be most effective on glomerular filtration function. PGE1+DHI was most effective for urinary protein-related indices. Conclusion: The efficacy of TCMI combined with PGE1 was higher than PGE1 single used. PGE1+HQI and PGE1+SKI were the most effective treatments. The safety of TCMI treatment should be investigated further. This study needs to be validated using large-sample, double-blind, multicentre RCTs. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=348333], identifier [CRD42022348333].
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyi Long
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyue Feng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- People's Hospital of Nanjiang County, Bazhong, China
| | - Yayi Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Noncoding RNAs Are Promising Therapeutic Targets for Diabetic Retinopathy: An Updated Review (2017-2022). Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121774. [PMID: 36551201 PMCID: PMC9775338 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes. It is also the main cause of blindness caused by multicellular damage involving retinal endothelial cells, ganglial cells, and pigment epithelial cells in adults worldwide. Currently available drugs for DR do not meet the clinical needs; thus, new therapeutic targets are warranted. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), a new type of biomarkers, have attracted increased attention in recent years owing to their crucial role in the occurrence and development of DR. NcRNAs mainly include microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, all of which regulate gene and protein expression, as well as multiple biological processes in DR. NcRNAs, can regulate the damage caused by various retinal cells; abnormal changes in the aqueous humor, exosomes, blood, tears, and the formation of new blood vessels. This study reviews the different sources of the three ncRNAs-microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs-involved in the pathogenesis of DR and the related drug development progress. Overall, this review improves our understanding of the role of ncRNAs in various retinal cells and offers therapeutic directions and targets for DR treatment.
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Chen D, Ruan X, Liu Y, He Y. HMGCS2 silencing attenuates high glucose-induced in vitro diabetic cardiomyopathy by increasing cell viability, and inhibiting apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11417-11429. [PMID: 35506308 PMCID: PMC9275940 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2063222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a diabetic mellitus-related complications and progression of DCM may eventually lead to heart failure, while mechanisms related to DCM pathophysiology remain unclear. The study was undertaken to identify possible hub genes associated with DCM progression through bioinformatics analysis and to validate the role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) in DCM progression using a cellular model of high glucose (HG)-induced DCM. The common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between GSE173884 and GSE161827 were used for PPI network analysis. Our results identified 17 common DEGs between GSE173384 and GSE161827. Further analysis of the protein–protein interaction network identified nine hub genes and HMGCS2. The in vitro functional assays showed that HG induced up-regulation of HMGCS2, suppressed cardiomyocyte viability, enhanced apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress of cardiomyocytes. Gain-of-function assays showed that HMGCS2 overexpression reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, caspase-3/-9 activity, up-regulated interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase expression, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level but inhibited total antioxidant activity, SOD activity, CAT activity, and glutathione content in cardiomyocytes. Rescue experiments demonstrated HMGCS2 silence attenuated HG-induced decrease in cardiomyocyte viability and increase in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. All in all, our study identified HMGCS2 as a hub gene in DCM pathophysiology and further functional studies indicated that HMGCS2 may aggravate DCM progression by reducing cardiomyocyte viability, increasing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and promoting inflammation and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Chen
- Department of General Geriatrics Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Ruan
- Department of General Geriatrics Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of General Geriatrics Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Li X, Yang Y, Song Y, Nie F, Fu C, Qin Y. Effect of Shuangdan Mingmu Capsule on Diabetic Retinopathy in Rats via Regulation of miRNAs. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3181-3194. [PMID: 36268199 PMCID: PMC9578787 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s379611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of Shuangdan Mingmu (SDMM) capsule on diabetic retinopathy in rats by regulating miRNAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg) was successfully used to induce diabetes in male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were randomly assigned to a group taking SDMM capsules ("diabetic+SDMM") or a control group ("diabetic"), and the normal group (n=10/group). The diabetic+SDMM capsule group received 1.89g/kg/d of SDMM capsule by gavage, whereas the other groups received the same amount of distilled water. After 12-weeks of gavage, the retina was removed from all rats for histopathological analysis, and miRNA sequencing experiments were carried out to identify the differential expression of miRNAs. These results were then confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS SDMM capsules improved retinal morphology, restored the number of cells in the ganglion cell layer (p<0.0001) and reduced apoptosis in all retinal layers (p values in the outer nuclear layers, inner nuclear layers and ganglion cell layers 0.0001, 0.0147, 0.0034, respectively). In addition, miRNA expression was changed in rats taking SDMM capsules. Compared with the diabetic group, six miRNAs were up-regulated and four miRNAs were down-regulated in the diabetic+SDMM capsule group. The qRT-PCR validation results showed that the expression levels of miR-450b-5p, miR-1249 and miR-155-5p were consistent with the trend of miRNA sequencing results, and were all up-regulated after SDMM capsule treatment. Target gene prediction and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs showed that these pathways were mainly concentrated in the focal adhesions and PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and neural factor signaling pathways. CONCLUSION SDMM capsules may prevent and treat diabetic retinopathy by regulating the expression of miR-450b-5p, miR-1249 and miR-155-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Ophthalmology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Technological Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Otolaryngologic Disease and Protection of Visual Function with Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijing Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Technological Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Otolaryngologic Disease and Protection of Visual Function with Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Ophthalmology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Technological Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Otolaryngologic Disease and Protection of Visual Function with Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fujiao Nie
- Ophthalmology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Technological Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Otolaryngologic Disease and Protection of Visual Function with Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaojun Fu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Technological Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Otolaryngologic Disease and Protection of Visual Function with Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Technological Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Otolaryngologic Disease and Protection of Visual Function with Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410006, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yuhui Qin, Institute of Chinese Medicine of Hunan Province, Lushan Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13873120865, Email
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