Cyclin D1 mediated by the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B exerts an oncogenic role in lung cancer

External RF-EMF alters cell number and ROS balance possibly via the regulation of NADPH metabolism and apoptosis

The influence of weak radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) on living organisms raises new concern because of the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band at 6.78 MHz being promoted by the AirFuel Alliance for mid-range wireless power transfer (WPT) applications and product development. Human exposure to the RF-EMF radiation is unavoidable. In this study, we employed in vitro cell culture and molecular biology approach coupled with integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to uncover the effects of RF-EMF on cells at molecular and cellular levels. Our study has demonstrated that weak RF-EMF is sufficient to exert non-thermal effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Exposure of weak RF-EMF promotes cell proliferation, inhibits apoptosis and deregulates ROS balance. Alteration of several signaling pathways and key enzymes involved in NADPH metabolism, cell proliferation and ferroptosis were identified. Our current study provide solid evidence for the first time that the present safety standards that solely considered the thermal effect of RF-EMF on cell tissue are inadequate, prompt response and modification of existing Guidelines, Standards and Regulation are warranted.

Network-based analysis identifies potential therapeutic ingredients of Chinese medicines and their mechanisms toward lung cancer

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors around the world, which has the highest mortality rate among all cancers. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has attracted increased attention in the field of lung cancer treatment. However, the abundance of ingredients in Chinese medicines presents a challenge in identifying promising ingredient candidates and exploring their mechanisms for lung cancer treatment. In this work, two network-based algorithms were combined to calculate the network relationships between ingredient targets and lung cancer targets in the human interactome. Based on the enrichment analysis of the constructed disease module, key targets of lung cancer were identified. In addition, molecular docking and enrichment analysis of the overlapping targets between lung cancer and ingredients were performed to investigate the potential mechanisms of ingredient candidates against lung cancer. Ten potential ingredients against lung cancer were identified and they may have similar effect on the development of lung cancer. The results obtained from this study offered valuable insights and provided potential avenues for the development of novel drugs aimed at treating lung cancer.

Clinical efficacy and potential mechanism of ginseng polysaccharides in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer based on meta-analysis associated with network pharmacology

Background

The ginseng polysaccharide injection is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine often employed as a supplementary treatment for cancer. This treatment can not only alleviate the adverse effects caused by tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy but also enhance the immune system of individuals diagnosed with lung cancer. It is important to acknowledge the efficacy of ginseng polysaccharide injection in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, these small-sample studies may have certain biases, and the underlying mechanisms of ginseng polysaccharides therapy for NSCLC are still unclear.

Methods

The present study involved a systematic review of the literature on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on using ginseng polysaccharide injection as a therapeutic approach for NSCLC. Seven databases were searched for eligible studies published before April 2023. Two researchers independently managed data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and data analyses using RevMan 5.3 software. In network pharmacology, we thoroughly searched the relevant literature on ginseng polysaccharides (GPs) and the PubChem database. This search aimed to identify the main active ingredients and targets associated with ginseng polysaccharides. Subsequently, we compared these targets with those of NSCLC and utilized bioinformatics techniques to analyze and explore their potential interactions.

Results

A total of 11 RCTs involving 845 patients with NSCLC were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that ginseng polysaccharide injection combined significantly improved the objective response rate [RR = 1.45, 95% CI (1.26, 1.67), P < 0.00001]. Furthermore, it was observed that ginseng polysaccharide injection increased the serum levels of CD4+ T-lymphocytes (CD4+ T) [MD = 8.98, 95% CI (5.18, 12.78), P < 0.00001], and decreased the serum levels of CD8+ T-lymphocytes (CD8+ T) [MD = -2.68, 95% CI (-4.66, -0.70), P = 0.008]. Through network pharmacology analysis, a total of 211 target genes of GPs and 81 common targets were identified. GAPDH, EGFR, VEGFA, JUN, SRC, CASP3, STAT3, CCND1, HSP90AA1, and MMP9 were identified as the core target proteins. Additionally, KEGG enrichment analysis revealed 122 relevant signaling pathways, including Pathways in cancer, PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, and Proteoglycans in cancer.

Conclusion

Ginseng polysaccharide injection can improve the ORR of patients with NSCLC, increase the serum levels of CD4+ T, and decrease the serum levels of CD8+ T. The potential mechanism may be associated with the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway.

Mechanisms predictive of Tibetan Medicine Sophora moorcroftiana alkaloids for treatment of lung cancer based on the network pharmacology and molecular docking

BACKGROUND

Leguminous Sophora moorcroftiana (SM) is a genuine medicinal material in Tibet. Many research results have reveal the Sophora moorcroftiana alkaloids (SMA), as the main active substance, have a wide range of effects, such as antibacterial, antitumor and antiparasitic effects. However, there are few reports on the inhibition of lung cancer (LC) and its inhibitory mechanism, and the pharmacological mechanism of SMA is still unclear, Therefore, exploring its mechanism of action is of great significance.

METHODS

The SMA active components were obtained from the literature database. Whereas the corresponding targets were screened from the PubChem and PharmMapper database, UniProt database were conducted the correction and transformation of UniProt ID on the obtained targets. The GeneCards and OMIM databases identified targets associated with LC. Venny tools obtained the intersection targets of SMA and LC. R language and Cytoscape software constructed the visual of SMA - intersection targets - LC disease network. The intersection targets protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were built by the STRING database. The functions and pathways of the common targets of SMA and LC were enriched by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Subsequently, molecular docking And A549 cells vitro experiment were performed to further validate our finding.

RESULTS

We obtained six kinds of alkaloids in SM, 635 potential targets for these compounds, and 1,303 genes related to LC. SMA and LC intersection targets was 33, including ALB, CCND1, ESR1, NOTCH1 and AR. GO enrichment indicated that biological process of SMA was mainly involved in the positive regulation of transcription and nitric oxide biosynthetic process, and DNA-templated, etc. Biological functions were mainly involved in transcription factor binding and enzyme binding, etc. Cell components were mainly involved in protein complexes, extracellular exosome, cytoplasm and nuclear chromatin, etc., Which may be associated with its anti-LC effects. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that main pathways involved in the anti-LC effects of SMA, including pathway in cancer, non small-cell lung cancer, p53, PI3K-Akt and FOXO signaling pathways. Molecular docking analyses revealed that the six active compounds had a good binding activity with the main therapeutic targets 2W96, 2CCH and 1O96. Experiments in vitro proved that SMA inhibited the proliferation of LC A549 cells.

CONCLUSIONS

Results of the present study, we have successfully revealed the SMA compounds had a multi-target and multi-channel regulatory mechanism in treatment LC, These findings provided a solid theoretical reference of SMA in the clinical treatment of LC.

A study on antimicrobial and anticancer properties of Cissus quadrangulris using lung cancer cell line

Cissus quadrangularis plant from Vitaceae family, native in India. Many parts of this plant have medicinal values but most precious is stem of this plant. In past years number of studies reported their activities and secondary metabolites in Cissus quadrangularis plant and their pharmacological activities and uses in traditional medicine system. It is reported to possess excellent medicinal properties and potent fracture healing properties, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antioxidative, cholinergic activity and beneficial effect on cardiovascular diseases, possesses antiulcer and cytoprotective property in indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury. The aim of this study was to determine the qualitative phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity, cell viability and in vitro anticancer activity of a potential of Cissus quadrangularis stem extract against A549 human lung cancer cell line. The disc diffusion method was employed to determine the antimicrobial activity of Cissus quadrangularis stem extract and showed potential antibacterial and antifungal activity against various microorganisms. Results have shown that Stem methanolic extract induced a significant decrease of tumour cell viability. The cell viability assay clearly showed that the cells treated with Cissus quadrangularis methanolic extract has significantly reduced the lung cancer cell viability in a dose dependant manner. The stem methanolic extract was tested for the in vitro antiproliferative potential on A549 human lung cancer cell line using different concentrations, namely 1000, 62.5 and 7.8 µg/ml. We observed the IC50 dose at 65.2 μg/ml concentration. In cell culture A549 cells treated with Cissus quadrangularis stem methanolic extract in 24 h the cells growth is controlled.

The role of Lamin B2 in human diseases

Lamin B2 (LMNB2), on the inner side of the nuclear envelope, constitutes the nuclear skeleton by connecting with other nuclear proteins. LMNB2 is involved in a wide range of nuclear functions, including DNA replication and stability, regulation of chromatin, and nuclear stiffness. Moreover, LMNB2 regulates several cellular processes, such as tissue development, cell cycle, cellular proliferation and apoptosis, chromatin localization and stability, and DNA methylation. Besides, the influence of abnormal expression and mutations of LMNB2 has been gradually discovered in cancers and laminopathies. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advances of LMNB2-associated biological roles in physiological or pathological conditions, with a particular emphasis on cancers and laminopathies, as well as the potential mechanism of LMNB2 in related cancers.

Dr.Nod: computational framework for discovery of regulatory non-coding drivers in tissue-matched distal regulatory elements

The discovery of cancer driver mutations is a fundamental goal in cancer research. While many cancer driver mutations have been discovered in the protein-coding genome, research into potential cancer drivers in the non-coding regions showed limited success so far. Here, we present a novel comprehensive framework Dr.Nod for detection of non-coding cis-regulatory candidate driver mutations that are associated with dysregulated gene expression using tissue-matched enhancer-gene annotations. Applying the framework to data from over 1500 tumours across eight tissues revealed a 4.4-fold enrichment of candidate driver mutations in regulatory regions of known cancer driver genes. An overarching conclusion that emerges is that the non-coding driver mutations contribute to cancer by significantly altering transcription factor binding sites, leading to upregulation of tissue-matched oncogenes and down-regulation of tumour-suppressor genes. Interestingly, more than half of the detected cancer-promoting non-coding regulatory driver mutations are over 20 kb distant from the cancer-associated genes they regulate. Our results show the importance of tissue-matched enhancer-gene maps, functional impact of mutations, and complex background mutagenesis model for the prediction of non-coding regulatory drivers. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that non-coding mutations in enhancers play a previously underappreciated role in cancer and dysregulation of clinically relevant target genes.

4‑Methoxydalbergione inhibits esophageal carcinoma cell proliferation and migration by inactivating NF‑κB

4‑Methoxydalbergione (4‑MD) can inhibit the progression of certain types of cancer; however, its effects on esophageal cancer (EC) remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of 4‑MD on EC and its molecular mechanism. ECA‑109 and KYSE‑105 cells were treated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 4‑MD. Cell Counting Kit‑8 and colony formation assays were used to analyze cell proliferation. Wound healing assay was performed to evaluate cell migration. ELISA and western blotting were performed to measure the expression levels of NF‑κB and inflammatory cytokines. In cells treated with 4‑MD, proliferation and migration were significantly inhibited, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were downregulated and the NF‑κB signaling pathway was inactivated. Notably, proliferation, migration, inflammation and NF‑κB were promoted by LPS, whereas 4‑MD reversed the increases induced by LPS in EC cells. In conclusion, 4‑MD may attenuate the proliferation and migration of EC cells by inactivating the NF‑κB signaling pathway.

m6A Modification of Long Non-Coding RNA HNF1A-AS1 Facilitates Cell Cycle Progression in Colorectal Cancer via IGF2BP2-Mediated CCND1 mRNA Stabilization

Background: Long non-coding RNAs modulate tumor occurrence through different molecular mechanisms. It had been reported that HNF1A-AS1 (HNF1A Antisense RNA 1) was differently expressed in multiple tumors. The role of HNF1A-AS1 in colorectal cancer was less analyzed, and the mechanism of regulating the cell cycle has not been completely elucidated. Methods: Differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened out from the TCGA database. HNF1A-AS1 was examined in CRC clinical samples and cell lines by RT-qPCR. CCK8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, transwell assays, tube forming assay and vivo experiments were performed to study the function of HNF1A-AS1 in CRC tumor progression. Bioinformatic analysis, luciferase report assay, RNA pull-down and RIP assays were carried out to explore proteins binding HNF1A-AS1 and the potential downstream targets. Results: Our results showed that HNF1A-AS1 was upregulated in CRC and associated with unfavorable prognosis. HNF1A-AS1 promoted proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, accelerated cell cycle and reduced cell apoptosis in CRC. Bioinformatics prediction and further experiments proved that HNF1A-AS1 could promote CCND1 expression by suppressing PDCD4 or competitively sponging miR-93-5p. Meanwhile, METTL3 mediated HNF1A-AS1 m⁶A modification and affected its RNA stability. HNF1A-AS1/IGF2BP2/CCND1 may act as a complex to regulate the stability of CCND1. Conclusion: In summary, our result reveals the novel mechanism in which m⁶A-mediated HNF1A-AS1/IGF2BP2/CCND1 axis promotes CRC cell cycle progression, along with competitively sponging miR-93-5p to upregulate CCND1, demonstrating its significant role in cell cycle regulation and suggesting that HNF1A-AS1 may act as a potential prognostic marker of colorectal cancer in the future.

The biological function of the long non-coding RNA endogenous born avirus-like nucleoprotein in lung adenocarcinoma is mediated through the microRNA-655-3p/B-cell lymphoma-2 axis

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a subtype of lung cancer, and therapy remains a great challenge. A growing body of evidence shows that long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the occurrence and development of LUAD. This study investigated the roles and mechanisms of action of EBLN3P in LUAD. The bioinformatics software starBase and TargetScan were used to predict the binding sites of the lncRNA endogenous born avirus-like nucleoprotein (EBLN3P) and microRNA (miR)-655-3p in LUAD. The regulatory role of EBLN3P and miR-655-3p in cell proliferation was verified through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The binding sites between EBLN3P, miR-655-3p, and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were assessed using dual-luciferase reporter assay, western blotting, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Flow cytometry (FCM) was performed to analyze the apoptotic rates of A549 cells after transfection. The results revealed that EBLN3P was upregulated, whereas miR-655-3p was downregulated in LUAD cell lines (A549 and NCI-H23). Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that EBLN3P interacted with miR-655-3p. Knockdown of EBLN3P notably inhibited the bioactivity and induced apoptosis in A549 cells by upregulating miR-655-3p. Mechanistically, miR-655-3p inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2 expression. The high expression of Bcl-2 reversed the impact of miR-655-3p on the inhibition of cell bioactivity and induction of apoptosis in A549 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that EBLN3P silencing inhibits bioactivity and induces apoptosis via the miR-655-3p/Bcl-2 axis, providing a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.