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Urban SL, Jensen IJ, Shan Q, Pewe LL, Xue HH, Badovinac VP, Harty JT. Peripherally induced brain tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells mediate protection against CNS infection. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:938-949. [PMID: 32572242 PMCID: PMC7381383 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is classically viewed as immune-privileged; however, recent advances highlight interactions between the peripheral immune system and CNS in controlling infections and tissue homeostasis. Tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells in the CNS are generated after brain infections, but it is unknown whether CNS infection is required to generate brain TRM cells. We show that peripheral infections generate antigen-specific CD8+ memory T cells in the brain that adopt a unique TRM signature. Upon depletion of circulating and perivascular memory T cells, this brain signature was enriched and the surveilling properties of brain TRM cells was revealed by intravital imaging. Notably, peripherally induced brain TRM cells showed evidence of rapid activation and enhanced cytokine production and mediated protection after brain infections. These data reveal that peripheral immunizations can generate brain TRM cells and will guide potential use of T cells as therapeutic strategies against CNS infections and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina L Urban
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Isaac J Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Qiang Shan
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Lecia L Pewe
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
- VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Vladimir P Badovinac
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John T Harty
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Hickman HD. New insights into antiviral immunity gained through intravital imaging. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 22:59-63. [PMID: 28081484 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections pose an ongoing challenge for mankind. Much of our knowledge of the immune response to viral infections comes from ex vivo analyses of infected animals, which provide important yet static information about events occurring within the host. Recently, a relatively new technique known as intravital microscopy (IVM) has been applied to the study of antiviral immunity. Intravital imaging affords a unique, real-time view of both viral dynamics and the ensuing immune response (along with their interplay) in the living animal. This review details some of the newest observations about the antiviral immune response gained using IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D Hickman
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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