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Muller RD, Schielke A, Gliedt JA, Cooper J, Martinez S, Eklund A, Pohlman KA. A scoping review to explore the use of the Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale. PM R 2024. [PMID: 38958442 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients' interactions with health care providers influence back pain-related outcomes. The Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS) is an instrument that assesses providers' attitudes and beliefs about patients with persistent back pain, with lower scores implying that persistent pain does not indicate disability or limitation of activities. This scoping review aims to explore the extent of research involving the HC-PAIRS. LITERATURE SURVEY PubMed, Embase, and PEDro databases were searched from inception to April 2022. METHODS Extracted HC-PAIRS scores were standardized to 15-item scores and categorized by profession, student or professional status, and pre/post-educational intervention to evaluate scores. Psychometric properties and educational interventions of the HC-PAIRS were described. RESULTS After screening, 51 studies representing 10,416 participants were included. Student and professional scores were investigated in 24 and 29 studies, respectively. Twenty-one studies included educational interventions, with heterogenous follow-up. Psychometric properties of the HC-PAIRS were assessed in 10 studies and demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. The overall baseline mean score among all participants was 55.34 (95% CI: 53.54-57.14) (students: 56.54 [56.54-60.87]; professionals: 51.67 [49.08-54.27]). Nurses (61.99 [55.66-68.31]) and non-health care professionals (65.30 [57.33-73.28]) had the highest overall baseline mean scores, whereas chiropractors (51.69 [33.73-69.66]), MDs/PAs (52.64 [47.27-58.00]), physical therapists (53.42 [50.67-56.17]), and exercise professionals (57.36 [49.39-65.33]) had lower scores. CONCLUSIONS The HC-PAIRS has been used across many disciplines in both students and professionals and demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. Professionals commonly treating back pain had lower HC-PAIRS scores. Future research could benefit from standardization of interventions and timing of follow-up assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Muller
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Research Center, Parker University, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alec Schielke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Palmer College of Chiropractic West Campus, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Jordan A Gliedt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jesse Cooper
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Round Rock, Texas, USA
| | - Shae Martinez
- American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas, USA
- American College of Cardiology, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Andreas Eklund
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Intitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sucu Çakmak NC, Çalışkan N, Koğar H. Validity and reliability study in undergraduate healthcare students towards the solution of a neglected problem in working life: Attitude scale towards patients with chronic pain. Work 2024:WOR230512. [PMID: 38640186 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is the type of pain that healthcare professionals frequently encounter. Health care students' attitudes towards pain management are not sufficient and this negatively affects their chronic pain management. When students cannot manage the chronic pain they will experience professional burnout, depersonalization, and a decrease in compassion and empathy in patient care. Therefore, the first step in improving health care students' attitudes towards patients with chronic pain is to determine their attitudes. OBJECTIVE This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Scale for Healthcare Professionals' Attitudes towards Patients with Chronic Pain (HCPAPCP Scale) in healthcare students. METHOD This quantitative study was conducted with 205 health care students in January-February 2022. Data were collected online with Personal Information Form and the HCPAPCP Scale. To determine the reliability of the scale, internal consistency and test-retest, and for construct validity, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. RESULTS The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the two-factor scale consisting of 18 items, the factor structure, and the distribution of factors in items were the same as the findings of the original scale. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.88 for the first factor and 0.74 for the second factor. Test-retest reliability was 0.60. In confirmatory factor analysis, the model had a good and acceptable fit. CONCLUSION We found that the HCPAPCP Scale was valid and reliable in healthcare students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefise Cevriye Sucu Çakmak
- Çankırı Karatekin University, Eldivan Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Çankırı, Türkiye
| | - Nurcan Çalışkan
- Gazi University Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nursing. Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Koğar
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Education, Educational Sciences, Department of Educational Measurement and Assesment, Antalya, Türkiye
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Muller RD, Cooper J, Gliedt JA, Pohlman KA. Attitudes, beliefs, and recommendations for persistent low back pain patients: cross-sectional surveys of students and faculty at a chiropractic college. Chiropr Man Therap 2024; 32:7. [PMID: 38424615 PMCID: PMC10905815 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-024-00530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the use of chiropractic care for persistent low back pain (PLBP) is prevalent, chiropractors' attitudes and beliefs related to PLBP patients are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes, beliefs and activity/work recommendations of students and faculty at a chiropractic college regarding PLBP patients. METHODS The Health Care Providers Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS) and clinical vignettes were requested to be completed by chiropractic students and faculty at Parker University in April 2018. Higher HC-PAIRS scores indicate stronger beliefs that PLBP justifies disability and limitation of activities. Activity and work recommendations from clinical vignettes were rated as "adequate", "neutral", or "inadequate", as defined in previous literature. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and logistic regression were used to analyze results. RESULTS Student and faculty response rates were 63.6% and 25.9%, respectively. Faculty mean HC-PAIRS scores (3.66 [SD:0.88]) were significantly lower than students' (4.41 [SD:0.71]). The percentage of faculty providing "adequate" activity (62.1%) and work (41.0%) recommendations was significantly greater than the percentage of students (activity: 33.9%, work: 21.2%) (p < 0.05). Higher HC-PAIRS scores in students were associated with decreased odds of providing "adequate" activity and work recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Student and faculty attitudes and beliefs, and students' activity/work recommendations were found to be dissimilar to those from similar studies and less congruent with CPG recommendations. Lower HC-PAIRS scores increased the odds of students providing "adequate" activity and work recommendations to patients with PLBP. Results from this study may help guide future research and training opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Muller
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Research Center, Parker University , Dallas, TX, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jesse Cooper
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Round Rock, TX, USA
| | - Jordan A Gliedt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Munneke W, Demoulin C, Roussel N, Leysen M, Van Wilgen CP, Pitance L, Reezigt RR, Voogt LP, Dankaerts W, Danneels L, Köke AJA, Cools W, De Kooning M, Nijs J. Comparing physical therapy students' attitudes and beliefs regarding chronic low back pain and knee osteoarthritis: an international multi-institutional comparison between 2013 and 2020 academic years. Braz J Phys Ther 2024; 28:100592. [PMID: 38368840 PMCID: PMC10883834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2024.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2013, physical therapy students demonstrated low guideline-adherent recommendations regarding chronic low back pain (CLBP) for spinal pathology, activity, and work. OBJECTIVES To assess the differences in physical therapy students' attitudes, beliefs, and adherence to guideline recommendations regarding CLBP and knee osteoarthritis between 2013 and 2020. METHODS In 2013 and 2020, second and fourth-year physical therapy students were recruited from 6 Belgian and 2 Dutch institutions. Attitudes and beliefs regarding CLBP and knee OA were evaluated using the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists (PABS-PT), the Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS), and a questionnaire regarding therapeutic exercise and knee osteoarthritis. A clinical vignette was used to measure guideline-adherent recommendations regarding spinal pathology, activity, and work. RESULTS In 2013, 927 second-year and 695 fourth-year students; in 2020, 695 second-year and 489 fourth-year students; were recruited to participate in the study. Compared to 2013, students had less biomedical and stronger biopsychosocial attitudes and beliefs regarding CLBP, more guideline-adherent recommendations for activity, and more biopsychosocial beliefs regarding the benefits of exercise for patients with knee osteoarthritis in both the second and fourth year. Only fourth-year students in 2020 scored significantly better on HC-PAIRS and guideline-adherent recommendation relating to spinal pathology. No differences were found regarding work recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Between 2013 and 2020, physical therapy students made a positive shift towards a more biopsychosocial approach to CLBP and knee osteoarthritis management. Guideline-adherent recommendations for CLBP concerning activity improved, however, concerning work and spinal pathology, it remained low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Munneke
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Pain in Motion International Research Group (PiM), Belgium; Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Demoulin
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Roussel
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences (MOVANT), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marijke Leysen
- Pain in Motion International Research Group (PiM), Belgium; Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Paul Van Wilgen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Pain in Motion International Research Group (PiM), Belgium; Transcare, Transdisciplinary Pain Management Center, the Netherlands
| | - Laurent Pitance
- Neuro-musculoskeletal Lab (NMSK), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roland R Reezigt
- Department of Physiotherapy, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lennard P Voogt
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Pain in Motion International Research Group (PiM), Belgium; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Applied Sciences Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Dankaerts
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Danneels
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical Therapy, Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Albère J A Köke
- Adelante Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Hoensbroek, the Netherlands; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherland; Department of Physical Therapy Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfried Cools
- Core facility - Support for Quantitative and Qualitative Research (SQUARE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Margot De Kooning
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo Nijs
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Pain in Motion International Research Group (PiM), Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physiotherapy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Takeuchi R, Sugiura S, Miki T, Chiba H, Handa Y, Takasaki H. Cross-cultural adaptation of the pain understanding and confidence questionnaire into Japanese. J Phys Ther Sci 2023; 35:624-627. [PMID: 37670757 PMCID: PMC10475642 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.35.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to develop a culturally adapted Japanese version of the Pain Understanding and Confidence Questionnaire (PUnCQ). The first-factor structure describes management from 12 perspectives for a case vignette of chronic pain and determines whether the management is based on a biomedical or biopsychosocial perspective. The second-factor structure evaluates the confidence level in management skills for the same case from 21 perspectives. [Participants and Methods] We conducted a cross-cultural adaptation based on five stages according to Beaton's guidelines (two forward translations, creation of an integrated forward translation version, two backward translations, creation of a provisional Japanese version, and a pilot test). In the pilot test, we asked 40 Japanese physical therapists to rate their understanding of the PUnCQ descriptions on a five-point Likert scale (1, not at all understandable; 5, completely understandable) and provide comments when they rated 1 to 3. We repeated revisions and pilot tests until less than 10% of the respondents rated 1 for all descriptions. [Results] By conducting two rounds of the pilot test, all items of descriptions satisfied the preestablished criteria. [Conclusion] A Japanese version of the PUnCQ was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Takeuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Saitama Prefectural
University: 820 Sannomiya, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8540, Japan
| | - Shiro Sugiura
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Saitama
Prefectural University, Japan
- Nishikawa Orthopedics Clinic, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miki
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Saitama
Prefectural University, Japan
- Sapporo Maruyama Orthopedic Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroki Chiba
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Saitama
Prefectural University, Japan
- Secomedic Hospital, Japan
| | - Yusuke Handa
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Saitama
Prefectural University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takasaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Saitama Prefectural
University: 820 Sannomiya, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8540, Japan
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Macgregor C, Seenan C, Blane DN. Delivering equitable pain care: Lessons from the Scottish Service Model for Chronic Pain. Br J Pain 2023; 17:222-225. [PMID: 37342395 PMCID: PMC10278449 DOI: 10.1177/20494637231180485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Macgregor
- Department of Physiotherapy and Paramedicine, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- NHS Lanarkshire Chronic Pain Service, Coatbridge, UK
| | - Christopher Seenan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Paramedicine, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - David N. Blane
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Mankelow J, Ryan CG, Taylor PC, Casey MB, Naisby J, Thompson K, McVeigh JG, Seenan C, Cooper K, Hendrick P, Brown D, Gibson W, Travers M, Kennedy N, O'Riordan C, Martin D. International, multi-disciplinary, cross-section study of pain knowledge and attitudes in nursing, midwifery and allied health professions students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:547. [PMID: 35840942 PMCID: PMC9284700 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent pain is a highly prevalent, global cause of disability. Research suggests that many healthcare professionals are not well equipped to manage pain, and this may be attributable at least in part to undergraduate education. The primary aim of this study was to quantify and compare first and final year nursing, midwifery and allied health professional (NMAHP) students' pain related knowledge and attitudes. The secondary aim was to explore what factors influence students' pain related knowledge and attitudes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 1154 first and final year healthcare students, from 12 universities in five different countries completed the Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Quiz (RNPQ) [knowledge] and the Health Care Providers Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS) [attitudes]. RESULTS Physiotherapy was the only student group with statistically and clinically improved pain related knowledge [mean difference, 95% CI] (3.4, 3.0 to 3.9, p = 0.01) and attitudes (-17.2, -19.2 to 15.2, p = 0.01) between first and final year. Pain education teaching varied considerably from course to course (0 to 40 h), with greater levels of pain related knowledge and attitudes associated with higher volumes of pain specific teaching. CONCLUSIONS There was little difference in pain knowledge and attitudes between all first and final year NMAHP students other than physiotherapy. This suggests that for most NMAHP disciplines, undergraduate teaching has little or no impact on students' understanding of pain. There is an urgent need to enhance pain education provision at the undergraduate level in NMAHPs. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT03522857 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagjit Mankelow
- Teesside University, Middlesbrough, England.
- University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chris Seenan
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Kay Cooper
- Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | | | - Donna Brown
- University of Ulster, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - William Gibson
- The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Mervyn Travers
- The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
- Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | | | - Denis Martin
- Teesside University, Middlesbrough, England
- Applied Research Collaboration for the North East and North Cumbria, National Institute for Health and Care Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England
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Mankelow J, Ryan C, Taylor P, Atkinson G, Martin D. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Biopsychosocial Pain Education upon Health Care Professional Pain Attitudes, Knowledge, Behavior and Patient Outcomes. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2021; 23:1-24. [PMID: 34237464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a significant health burden globally and its management frequently fails to comply with evidence based, biopsychosocial guidelines. This may be partly attributable to inadequate biopsychosocial focussed pain education for students and clinicians. We aimed to undertake a systematic review, using Cochrane methodology, of randomized controlled trials with meta-analysis to quantify the effects of biopsychosocial education strategies in changing student/qualified health care professionals (HCPs) pain related attitudes, knowledge, clinical behaviour or patient outcomes. A systematic search of the literature was undertaken using CINAHL, AMED, PEDro, Cochrane Central Library, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Rehabdata, SportDiscus, EMBASE, ASSIA, Dentistry and Oral Science, Psycinfo, Education Research Complete and OpenGrey from 1977 to November 2020. Pooled effect sizes were quantified in random effects meta-analyses for attitudes, knowledge, and clinical behaviors. From a sample of 1812 records, 6 were narratively analysed and 15 were included in the meta-analyses. These studies represented 3022 patients and 3163 HCPs and students. Education improved attitudes by 11.3% (95% confidence interval: 2.2-20.4%, P = .02), and knowledge by 18.8% (12.4-25.3%, P = .01). The effects of education on clinical behavior favoured a clinically relevant improvement (OR = 2.4, 0.9-5.9, P = .06). Narrative analysis of the effect of biopsychosocial education for student HCPs/HCPs upon patient outcomes was inconclusive. These findings demonstrate that biopsychosocial focussed pain education strategies can improve student/qualified HCPs' pain related knowledge and attitudes and increase the likelihood that they will behave more in keeping with evidence-based practice. This should result in improved patient outcomes, however, evidence to support or refute this is lacking. PROSPERO systematic review record number, CRD42018082251. Perspective: We outline the effectiveness of biopsychosocial pain education for health care professionals and students in improving pain knowledge, attitudes, and evidence-based behaviors. These improvements should enhance clinical outcomes in patients with pain but further evidence is needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagjit Mankelow
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
| | - Cormac Ryan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Paul Taylor
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Greg Atkinson
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Denis Martin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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Mankelow J, Ryan C, Taylor P, Martin D. The effect of pain neurophysiology education on healthcare students' knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards pain: A mixed-methods randomised controlled trial. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2020; 50:102249. [PMID: 32920228 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 1) To investigate the effects of a brief pain neuroscience education (PNE) lecture on multi-disciplinary healthcare students' knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards people with pain post intervention and at 6-months follow-up, 2) To explore students' perceptions of PNE. DESIGN Mixed-methods randomized controlled trial. SETTING UK university. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-seven students (30♀, mean age 30 years) from six healthcare disciplines. INTERVENTION 70-min PNE lecture (intervention group) or a 70-min control education. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 1) Knowledge: The Revised Pain Neurophysiology Quiz (RPNQ); 2) Attitudes: Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS); 3) Behaviours: A case vignette to assess clinical recommendations; and 4) Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews (n = 12). RESULTS The intervention group increased knowledge compared to the control, post-intervention [mean difference 3.7 (95% CI, 2.4, 5.0), P < 0.001] but not at 6-months (0.1 (-1.1, 1.3), P = 0.860). Greater improvements in attitudes for the intervention group were seen post-intervention [-10.4 (-16.3, -4.6), P < 0.001] and at 6-months [-5.8 (-11.5, -0.2), P < 0.044]. There was no difference in behaviours between groups. Thematic analysis identified increased patient empathy, partial and patchy reconceptualisation of pain and increased confidence in recommending an active management programme following PNE. CONCLUSION This study adds to existing knowledge by demonstrating that a 70-min PNE lecture can have a short-term effect on knowledge and positively shift attitudes towards people with pain in the short and medium-term. It also resulted in some students' reconceptualisation of pain, increased empathy, and confidence to recommend activity. The effect of PNE on clinical behaviours was unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagjit Mankelow
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, United Kingdom.
| | - Cormac Ryan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Taylor
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Martin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, United Kingdom
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