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Ene CD, Nicolae I, Tampa M, Georgescu SR, Ene C, Matei C, Leulescu IMT, Mitran CI, Mitran MI, Capusa C. The Cellular Stress and Cutaneous Manifestations in Renal Cell Carcinomas-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3640. [PMID: 38999207 PMCID: PMC11242689 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The carcinomas originating from the renal cortex are the most aggressive renal malignancies, with a high tendency for metastasis. Understanding the incidence of cutaneous manifestations caused by renal carcinomas is a challenge. In the first part, this article summarizes a series of factors that promote oncogenesis, invasiveness, and the ability of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to develop secondary cutaneous manifestations. It is postulated that the cellular stress response is one of the leading causes of developing dermatological events induced by cancers located at distant sites. Furthermore, the paper provides an overview of cutaneous complications associated with renal cancer, categorized as malignant manifestations (metastases, synchronous or metachronous cutaneous malignancies associated with renal cancer), non-malignant indirect cutaneous manifestations associated with renal cancer, and treatment consequences. The data presented in this article suggest that recognizing certain cutaneous disorders could assist the physician in the early identification of renal neoplasms and could lead to a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Daniela Ene
- Department of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.E.); (C.C.)
- Department of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- Research Department, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cosmin Ene
- Department of Urology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Urology, “Saint John” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 13 Vitan-Barzesti, 042122 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Clara Matei
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | | | - Cristina Iulia Mitran
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.M.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Madalina Irina Mitran
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.M.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Cristina Capusa
- Department of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.E.); (C.C.)
- Department of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
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Motolese A, Macca L, Lentini M, Borgia F, Vaccaro M. An erythematous nodule on the nasal wing. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2023; 89:760-762. [PMID: 36331852 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_1206_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Motolese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, Via Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Macca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, Via Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Lentini
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, Via Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, Via Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
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Escobar Gil T, Saldarriaga Santamaría S, Del Valle Saavedra JJ, Mejía Giraldo AM, Peña Zúñiga EB. An Atypical Cutaneous Metastasis in a Case of Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e30722. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Vilaça M, Braga F, Mesquita A. Cutaneous Metastases and Long-Term Survival of a Patient With Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e23598. [PMID: 35494987 PMCID: PMC9047437 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment landscape of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has changed in the last decade with improvements in overall survival. Overall survival ranges from 57 months in good-to-intermediate prognosis patients to 19 months in poor prognosis patients. The most frequent sites of metastasis are the lungs, bone, distant lymph nodes, liver, adrenal, and brain. Cutaneous metastases are rare and represent an end-stage disease with a worse prognosis. Studying long-term survivors of mRCC can help clinicians to identify potential predictors of response to targeted therapy and define the best treatment sequences in this setting. In this case, we report a 59-year-old man with a good mRCC prognosis who is alive 156 months after the diagnosis of mRCC, 108 months with cutaneous metastases. The patient underwent five treatment lines, with good tolerance and quality of life. This therapeutic sequence was based on new treatment options and new evidence concerning mRCC.
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Vaccaro M, Motolese A, Li Pomi F, Pettineo G, Borgia F. Impressive response to Nivolumab in renal clear cell carcinoma skin metastasis. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2022; 157:380-382. [PMID: 35274877 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.22.07151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina. Italy -
| | - Alfonso Motolese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina. Italy
| | - Federica Li Pomi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina. Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pettineo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology G. Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina. Italy
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High-dose-rate surface brachytherapy as a treatment option for renal cell carcinoma cutaneous metastases. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2021; 13:331-337. [PMID: 34122574 PMCID: PMC8170516 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2021.105947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to present a case of complete clinical response of renal clear cell carcinoma cutaneous metastases after high-dose-rate surface brachytherapy (HDR sBT). Material and methods An 81-year-old female diagnosed with stage IV clear cell renal carcinoma reported to our center with painful relapse of two cutaneous metastases after a previous metastasectomy. The patient was disqualified from systemic therapy due to comorbidities, and qualified to attempt a treatment using HDR sBT. The unit equipped with an iridium-192 source was used to deliver 36 Gy/6 Gy in 6 fractions twice weekly. Overall treatment time was 18 days. Results Two weeks after HDR sBT, complete response was observed in one irradiated location, while the partial response was observed in the latter. EORTC grade 1 skin toxicity was reported in both irradiated fields. Three and five months after the treatment, the patient presented complete response and pain relief in both locations with no signs of relapse. The patient remained in palliative care and died seven months after the treatment due to sudden cardiac death. Conclusions HDR sBT can be a valuable treatment option for cutaneous metastatic renal cell carcinoma, especially for patients with significant comorbidities. The treatment provided was associated with low toxicity and excellent clinical outcome.
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Lorenzo-Rios D, Cruzval-O'Reilly E, Rabelo-Cartagena J. Facial Cutaneous Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2020; 12:e12093. [PMID: 33354485 PMCID: PMC7744218 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common genitourinary malignancy of increasing incidence and significant mortality rate. Skin metastases of RCC are considered a rare phenomenon of unfavorable outcomes. We present a 75-year-old male patient who developed a rapidly evolving lesion on his left cheek four years after undergoing a right radical nephrectomy for non-metastatic RCC. Immunohistochemistry of the skin lesion was diagnostic for cutaneous metastasis of renal clear cell carcinoma, which eventually led to the detection of internal malignancy recurrence by positron emission tomography. A new facial skin lesion may unmask the underlying recurrence of RCC.
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Kesireddy M, Correa A, Correa R, Venkatesan R. A Pedunculated Skin Lesion in a Case of Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma. Cureus 2019; 11:e5021. [PMID: 31497450 PMCID: PMC6716742 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell type renal carcinoma accounts for about 80% of all renal cell carcinomas. We present a 39-year-old male with clear cell renal carcinoma of the right kidney, stage I: T1 b (5 cm) N0 M0, who developed cutaneous metastases in the right submandibular region 28 months after nephrectomy. Our case is unique as i) the patient with stage I cancer (at the time of nephrectomy) presented with an isolated cutaneous nodule in a location distant from the primary site; ii) cutaneous nodule developed while being treated with pazopanib for metastatic lesions in the lung and adrenal; and iii) nivolumab and ipilimumab combination therapy decreased the vascularity of the nodule though it did not halt the nodule growth. Physicians should be knowledgeable about this rare clinical entity and its varied presentation. Further studies are necessary to determine optimal treatment, as the current therapeutic agents for metastatic renal carcinoma might not be adequate for cutaneous metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Kesireddy
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Amit Correa
- Oncology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Raoul Correa
- Internal Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Rohit Venkatesan
- Oncology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
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