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Pinto-Dueñas DC, Hernández-Guzmán C, Marsch PM, Wadurkar AS, Martín-Tapia D, Alarcón L, Vázquez-Victorio G, Méndez-Méndez JV, Chanona-Pérez JJ, Nangia S, González-Mariscal L. The Role of ZO-2 in Modulating JAM-A and γ-Actin Junctional Recruitment, Apical Membrane and Tight Junction Tension, and Cell Response to Substrate Stiffness and Topography. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2453. [PMID: 38473701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This work analyzes the role of the tight junction (TJ) protein ZO-2 on mechanosensation. We found that the lack of ZO-2 reduced apical membrane rigidity measured with atomic force microscopy, inhibited the association of γ-actin and JAM-A to the cell border, and instead facilitated p114RhoGEF and afadin accumulation at the junction, leading to an enhanced mechanical tension at the TJ measured by FRET, with a ZO-1 tension probe, and increased tricellular TJ tension. Simultaneously, adherens junction tension measured with an E-cadherin probe was unaltered. The stability of JAM-A and ZO-2 binding was assessed by a collaborative in silico study. The absence of ZO-2 also impacted the cell response to the substrate, as monolayers plated in 20 kPa hydrogels developed holes not seen in parental cultures and displayed a retarded elongation and formation of cell aggregates. The absence of ZO-2 was sufficient to induce YAP and Snail nuclear accumulation in cells cultured over glass, but when ZO-2 KD cells were plated in nanostructured ridge arrays, they displayed an increased abundance of nuclear Snail and conspicuous internalization of claudin-4. These results indicate that the absence of ZO-2 also impairs the response of cells to substrate stiffness and exacerbates transformation triggered by substrate topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cristina Pinto-Dueñas
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Christian Hernández-Guzmán
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Patrick Matthew Marsch
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Anand Sunil Wadurkar
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Dolores Martín-Tapia
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Alarcón
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Genaro Vázquez-Victorio
- Physics Department, Science School, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | | | - Shikha Nangia
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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2
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Caldovic L, Ahn JJ, Andricovic J, Balick VM, Brayer M, Chansky PA, Dawson T, Edwards AC, Felsen SE, Ismat K, Jagannathan SV, Mann BT, Medina JA, Morizono T, Morizono M, Salameh S, Vashist N, Williams EC, Zhou Z, Morizono H. Datamining approaches for examining the low prevalence of N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency and understanding transcriptional regulation of urea cycle genes. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023. [PMID: 37847851 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia, which is toxic to the brain, is converted into non-toxic urea, through a pathway of six enzymatically catalyzed steps known as the urea cycle. In this pathway, N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS, EC 2.3.1.1) catalyzes the formation of N-acetylglutamate (NAG) from glutamate and acetyl coenzyme A. NAGS deficiency (NAGSD) is the rarest of the urea cycle disorders, yet is unique in that ureagenesis can be restored with the drug N-carbamylglutamate (NCG). We investigated whether the rarity of NAGSD could be due to low sequence variation in the NAGS genomic region, high NAGS tolerance for amino acid replacements, and alternative sources of NAG and NCG in the body. We also evaluated whether the small genomic footprint of the NAGS catalytic domain might play a role. The small number of patients diagnosed with NAGSD could result from the absence of specific disease biomarkers and/or short NAGS catalytic domain. We screened for sequence variants in NAGS regulatory regions in patients suspected of having NAGSD and found a novel NAGS regulatory element in the first intron of the NAGS gene. We applied the same datamining approach to identify regulatory elements in the remaining urea cycle genes. In addition to the known promoters and enhancers of each gene, we identified several novel regulatory elements in their upstream regions and first introns. The identification of cis-regulatory elements of urea cycle genes and their associated transcription factors holds promise for uncovering shared mechanisms governing urea cycle gene expression and potentially leading to new treatments for urea cycle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Caldovic
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Julie J Ahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jacklyn Andricovic
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Veronica M Balick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mallory Brayer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pamela A Chansky
- The Institute for Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tyson Dawson
- The Institute for Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alex C Edwards
- The Institute for Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sara E Felsen
- The Institute for Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karim Ismat
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sveta V Jagannathan
- The Institute for Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brendan T Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jacob A Medina
- The Institute for Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Toshio Morizono
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michio Morizono
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shatha Salameh
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Neerja Vashist
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emily C Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hiroki Morizono
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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3
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Xu W, Ishii Y, Rini DM, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. Microbial metabolite n-butyrate upregulates intestinal claudin-23 expression through SP1 and AMPK pathways in mouse colon and human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Life Sci 2023; 329:121952. [PMID: 37467886 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Regulation of the intestinal barrier is closely related to intestinal microbial metabolism. This study investigated the role of intestinal microflora in the regulation of the tight junction (TJ) barrier in epithelial cells, focusing on the microbial metabolite n-butyrate, a major short-chain fatty acid, using mice and human intestinal Caco-2 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole transcriptome analysis with RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed in the colon of germ-free (GF) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Claudin-23 expression was examined by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence in Caco-2 cells treated with n-butyrate. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to examine the effect of n-butyrate on claudin-23 transcriptional activity. The siRNA targeting the transcription factor SP1 and pharmacological inhibitor of AMPK were used in combination. TJ permeability was examined in canine kidney MDCKII cells stably expressing human claudin-23. KEY FINDINGS Cldn23 mRNA expression was downregulated in the colon of GF mice (0.6-fold) compared to that in SPF mice. n-Butyrate upregulated claudin-23 mRNA (1.7-fold) and protein (2.1-fold) expression as well as increased the transcriptional activity (15-fold) of CLDN23 in Caco-2 cells. The n-butyrate-mediated increase in claudin-23 expression and transcriptional activity was reduced by inhibition of SP1 and AMPK. Exogenously expressed human claudin-23 in MDCKII cells did not affect TJ permeability to ions and macromolecules. SIGNIFICANCE n-Butyrate regulates intestinal claudin-23 expression through the SP1 and AMPK pathways. This mechanism may be involved in the beneficial effects of n-butyrate-mediated intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Xu
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Dina Mustika Rini
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia
| | - Yoshinari Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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Xu J, Kausalya PJ, Ong AGM, Goh CMF, Mohamed Ali S, Hunziker W. ZO-2/Tjp2 suppresses Yap and Wwtr1/Taz-mediated hepatocyte to cholangiocyte transdifferentiation in the mouse liver. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:55. [PMID: 36151109 PMCID: PMC9508083 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
TJP2/ZO-2-inactivating mutations in humans cause progressive cholestatic liver disease. Liver-specific deletion of Tjp2 in the mouse (Tjp2 cKO mice) leads to mild progressive cholestasis without an overt degradation of the bile-blood barrier (BBB). These mice are more susceptible to cholic acid (CA) induced liver injury. Interestingly, while initially also more susceptible, Tjp2 cKO mice develop tolerance to a DDC-supplemented diet. The DDC diet induces an exacerbated ductular reaction in Tjp2 cKO mice, which arises from the transdifferentiation of hepatocytes to cholangiocytes. Consequently, this transdifferentiation is only observed if Tjp2 is inactivated in hepatocytes, but not if deleted in cholangiocytes. The DDC-diet-induced hepatocyte transdifferentiation in Tjp2 cKO mice requires Yap and Wwtr1/Taz, whose protein expression is upregulated in hepatocytes lacking Tjp2, but is independent of Notch2. Although inactivating Tjp2 is sufficient for the upregulation of Yap and Wwtr1/Taz protein, efficient transdifferentiation requires the DDC-diet insult. Thus, Tjp2 negatively regulates Yap/Taz-mediated transdifferentiation of hepatocytes to cholangiocytes in response to DDC-diet-induced liver injury. Furthermore, transdifferentiation is regulated at multiple levels and the type of injury inflicted on the Tjp2 deficient liver plays an important role in the resulting pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Xu
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
| | - P Jaya Kausalya
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,M Diagnostics Pte. Ltd. (MiRXES), 30 Biopolis Road, #09-05/06 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Alicia Ghia Min Ong
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Christine Meng Fan Goh
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Safiah Mohamed Ali
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Epithelial Polarity in Disease and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive MD9, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
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