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He Y, Sun H, Bao H, Hou J, Zhou Q, Wu F, Wang X, Sun M, Shi J, Tang G, Bai H. A natural adhesive-based nanomedicine initiates photothermal-directed in situ immunotherapy with durability and maintenance. Biomaterials 2025; 312:122751. [PMID: 39121726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapies have emerged as a promising frontier in the realm of cancer treatment. However, challenges persist in achieving localized, durable immunostimulation while counteracting the tumor's immunosuppressive environment. Here, we develop a natural mussel foot protein-based nanomedicine with spatiotemporal control for tumor immunotherapy. In this nanomedicine, an immunoadjuvant prodrug and a photosensitizer are integrated, which is driven by their dynamic bonding and non-covalent assembling with the protein carrier. Harnessing the protein carrier's bioadhesion, this nanomedicine achieves a drug co-delivery with spatiotemporal precision, by which it not only promotes tumor photothermal ablation but also broadens tumor antigen repertoire, facilitating in situ immunotherapy with durability and maintenance. This nanomedicine also modulates the tumor microenvironment to overcome immunosuppression, thereby amplifying antitumor responses against tumor progression. Our strategy underscores a mussel foot protein-derived design philosophy of drug delivery aimed at refining combinatorial immunotherapy, offering insights into leveraging natural proteins for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong He
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hong Sun
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hanxiao Bao
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jue Hou
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiaomei Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China; Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China
| | | | - Mingli Sun
- Zhejiang Laboratory, 311100 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Junhui Shi
- Zhejiang Laboratory, 311100 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guping Tang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China; Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongzhen Bai
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, PR China.
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Pierozan P, Höglund A, Theodoropoulou E, Karlsson O. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) induced cancer related DNA methylation alterations in human breast cells: A whole genome methylome study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174864. [PMID: 39032741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in cancer. The ubiquitous contaminant perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) has been epidemiologically associated with breast cancer, and can induce proliferation and malignant transformation of normal human breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A), but the information about its effect on DNA methylation is sparse. The aim of this study was to characterize the whole-genome methylome effects of PFOS in our breast cell model and compare the findings with previously demonstrated DNA methylation alterations in breast tumor tissues. The DNA methylation profile was assessed at single CpG resolution in MCF-10A cells treated with 1 μM PFOS for 72 h by using Enzymatic Methyl sequencing (EM-seq). We found 12,591 differentially methylated CpG-sites and 13,360 differentially methylated 100 bp tiles in the PFOS exposed breast cells. These differentially methylated regions (DMRs) overlapped with 2406 genes of which 494 were long non-coding RNA and 1841 protein coding genes. We identified 339 affected genes that have been shown to display altered DNA methylation in breast cancer tissue and several other genes related to cancer development. This includes hypermethylation of GACAT3, DELEC1, CASC2, LCIIAR, MUC16, SYNE1 and hypomethylation of TTN and KMT2C. DMRs were also found in estrogen receptor genes (ESR1, ESR2, ESRRG, ESRRB, GREB1) and estrogen responsive genes (GPER1, EEIG1, RERG). The gene ontology analysis revealed pathways related to cancer phenotypes such as cell adhesion and growth. These findings improve the understanding of PFOS's potential role in breast cancer and illustrate the value of whole-genome methylome analysis in uncovering mechanisms of chemical effects, identifying biomarker candidates, and strengthening epidemiological associations, potentially impacting risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pierozan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm University Center for Circular and Sustainable Systems (SUCCeSS), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrey Höglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm University Center for Circular and Sustainable Systems (SUCCeSS), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eleftheria Theodoropoulou
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm University Center for Circular and Sustainable Systems (SUCCeSS), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oskar Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm University Center for Circular and Sustainable Systems (SUCCeSS), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Rashwan AM, El-Gendy SAA, El-Mansi AA, Eldesoqui MB, Alsafy MAM. A novel immunofluorescence study of Lingual Salivary Glands in the Egyptian Tortoise (Testudo kleinmanni) and its ecological significance. Tissue Cell 2024; 90:102517. [PMID: 39137537 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The Egyptian tortoise (Testudo kleinmanni) is remarkably adapted to its harsh desert environment, a characteristic that is crucial for its survival under extreme conditions. This study was aimed at providing a deeper understanding of the lingual salivary gland structures in the Egyptian tortoise and examining how these structures help the tortoise manage hydration and nutrition in arid conditions. Utilizing a combination of light microscopy and immunofluorescence, this research introduced pioneering methods involving seven different antibodies, marking a first in the study of reptilian salivary glands. Our investigations categorized the tortoise's salivary glands into papillary and non-papillary types. The papillary glands were further classified into superficial, deep, interpapillary, and intraepithelial salivary glands, while non-papillary glands included superficial and deep lingual types. Structurally, these glands are organized into lobules, delineated by interlobular septa, and are equipped with a duct system comprising interlobular, intercalated, and main excretory ducts with gland openings on the tongue's surface and the papillae surfaces. Notably, the superficial glands displayed both tubuloalveolar and acinar configurations, whereas the deep lingual glands were exclusively acinar. Immunofluorescence results indicated that α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was prevalent in myoepithelial cells, myofibroblasts, and blood vessels, suggesting their integral role in glandular function and support. E-cadherin was predominantly found in epithelial cells, enhancing cell adhesion and integrity, which are critical for efficient saliva secretion. Importantly, Mucin 1 (MUC1) and Mucin 5B (MUC5B) staining revealed that most glands were mucous in nature, with MUC5B specifically marking mucin within secretory cells, confirming their primary function in mucous secretion. PDGFRα and CD34 highlighted the presence of telocytes and stromal cells within the glandular and interlobular septa, indicating a role in structural organization and possibly in regenerative processes. Cytokeratin 14 expression was noted in the basal cells of the glands, underscoring its role in upholding the structural foundation of the epithelial barrier. In conclusion, this detailed morphological and immunological characterization of the Egyptian tortoise's salivary glands provides new insights into their complex structure and essential functions. These findings not only enhance our understanding of reptilian physiology but also underline the critical nature of salivary glands in supporting life in arid environments. This study's innovative use of a broad range of immunofluorescence markers opens new avenues for further research into the adaptive mechanisms of reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Rashwan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; Laboratory of Life science frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Samir A A El-Gendy
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Mansi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh B Eldesoqui
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Alsafy
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt.
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Yun BS, Yun NY, Lee JE, Go M, Jang HY, Park JE, Roh JW, Shim SS. Endometrial E-cadherin and N-cadherin Expression during the Mid-Secretory Phase of Women with Ovarian Endometrioma or Uterine Fibroids. J Pers Med 2024; 14:920. [PMID: 39338174 PMCID: PMC11433430 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14090920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis and uterine fibroids are benign conditions frequently linked to subfertility/infertility. Recent research has highlighted the importance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition between embryonic and endometrial cells in the context of embryo implantation. Additionally, the adverse endometrial environment during implantation has been proposed as a mechanism contributing to infertility in endometriosis. Nevertheless, the role of cadherin molecule alterations in relation to endometrial receptivity and embryo invasion remains a subject of controversy. METHODS We investigated the expression patterns of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in the endometria of women with ovarian endometrioma or uterine fibroids and assessed whether they differed from those of healthy women. We enrolled 17 women with ovarian endometrioma, 16 with uterine fibroids, and 6 healthy women. Endometrial tissues were obtained at the mid-secretory phase on days 19-24 of the menstrual cycle. The E-cadherin and N-cadherin mRNA and protein expression levels were measured using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS The E-cadherin and N-cadherin mRNA expression levels were higher and lower, respectively, in the endometrium of women with ovarian endometrioma than in those of the controls. In the endometrium of women with uterine fibroids, similar patterns with higher E-cadherin and lower N-cadherin levels were observed compared with that of the controls. Protein expression showed similar patterns. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed higher E-cadherin expression and lower N-cadherin expression in the endometria of women with infertility-related diseases than in those of healthy women in the mid-secretory phase. This suggests a resistance to endometrial receptivity, potentially reflecting mesenchymal-epithelial transition properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Seong Yun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University, Goyang 10414, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyeon Go
- Center for Genome Diagnostics, CHA Biotech Inc., Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Jang
- Center for Genome Diagnostics, CHA Biotech Inc., Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Center for Genome Diagnostics, CHA Biotech Inc., Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Won Roh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University, Goyang 10414, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Shin Shim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea
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Avitabile E, Menotti L, Croatti V, Giordani B, Parolin C, Vitali B. Protective Mechanisms of Vaginal Lactobacilli against Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9168. [PMID: 39273118 PMCID: PMC11395631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The healthy cervicovaginal microbiota is dominated by various Lactobacillus species, which support a condition of eubiosis. Among their many functions, vaginal lactobacilli contribute to the maintenance of an acidic pH, produce antimicrobial compounds, and modulate the host immune response to protect against vaginal bacterial and fungal infections. Increasing evidence suggests that these beneficial bacteria may also confer protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). Viral STIs pose a substantial public health burden globally, causing a range of infectious diseases with potentially severe consequences. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which lactobacilli exert their protective effects against viral STIs is paramount for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. This review aims to provide more recent insights into the intricate interactions between lactobacilli and viral STIs, exploring their impact on the vaginal microenvironment, host immune response, viral infectivity and pathogenesis, and highlighting their potential implications for public health interventions and clinical management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Avitabile
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Menotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vanessa Croatti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Mancha S, Horan M, Pasachhe O, Keikhosravi A, Eliceiri KW, Matkowskyj KA, Notbohm J, Skala MC, Campagnola PJ. Multiphoton excited polymerized biomimetic models of collagen fiber morphology to study single cell and collective migration dynamics in pancreatic cancer. Acta Biomater 2024; 187:S1742-7061(24)00470-7. [PMID: 39182805 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The respective roles of aligned collagen fiber morphology found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of pancreatic cancer patients and cellular migration dynamics have been gaining attention because of their connection with increased aggressive phenotypes and poor prognosis. To better understand how collagen fiber morphology influences cell-matrix interactions associated with metastasis, we used Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) images from patient biopsies with Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as models to fabricate collagen scaffolds to investigate processes associated with motility. Using the PDAC BxPC-3 metastatic cell line, we investigated single and collective cell dynamics on scaffolds of varying collagen alignment. Collective or clustered cells grown on the scaffolds with the highest collagen fiber alignment had increased E-cadherin expression and larger focal adhesion sites compared to single cells, consistent with metastatic behavior. Analysis of single cell motility revealed that the dynamics were characterized by random walk on all substrates. However, examining collective motility over different time points showed that the migration was super-diffusive and enhanced on highly aligned fibers, whereas it was hindered and sub-diffusive on un-patterned substrates. This was further supported by the more elongated morphology observed in collectively migrating cells on aligned collagen fibers. Overall, this approach allows the decoupling of single and collective cell behavior as a function of collagen alignment and shows the relative importance of collective cell behavior as well as fiber morphology in PDAC metastasis. We suggest these scaffolds can be used for further investigations of PDAC cell biology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a high mortality rate, where aligned collagen has been associated with poor prognosis. Biomimetic models representing this architecture are needed to understand complex cellular interactions. The SHG image-based models based on stromal collagen from human biopsies afford the measurements of cell morphology, cadherin and focal adhesion expression as well as detailed motility dynamics. Using a metastatic cell line, we decoupled the roles of single cell and collective cell behavior as well as that arising from aligned collagen. Our data suggests that metastatic characteristics are enhanced by increased collagen alignment and that collective cell behavior is more relevant to metastatic processes. These scaffolds provide new insight in this disease and can be a platform for further experiments such as testing drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mancha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Meghan Horan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Adib Keikhosravi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristina A Matkowskyj
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jacob Notbohm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Paul J Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Moreno Valtierra M, Urue Corral A, Jiménez-Avalos JA, Barbosa Avalos E, Dávila-Rodríguez J, Morales Hernández N, Comas-García M, Toriz González G, Oceguera-Villanueva A, Cruz-Ramos JA, Hernández Gutiérrez R, Martínez Velázquez M, García Carvajal ZY. Patterned PVA Hydrogels with 3D Petri Dish ® Micro-Molds of Varying Topography for Spheroid Formation of HeLa Cancer Cells: In Vitro Assessment. Gels 2024; 10:518. [PMID: 39195047 DOI: 10.3390/gels10080518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell spheroids are an important three-dimensional (3D) model for in vitro testing and are gaining interest for their use in clinical applications. More natural 3D cell culture environments that support cell-cell interactions have been created for cancer drug discovery and therapy applications, such as the scaffold-free 3D Petri Dish® technology. This technology uses reusable and autoclavable silicone micro-molds with different topographies, and it conventionally uses gelled agarose for hydrogel formation to preserve the topography of the selected micro-mold. The present study investigated the feasibility of using a patterned Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel using the circular topography 12-81 (9 × 9 wells) micro-mold to form HeLa cancer cell spheroids and compare them with the formed spheroids using agarose hydrogels. PVA hydrogels showed a slightly softer, springier, and stickier texture than agarose hydrogels. After preparation, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed chemical interactions through hydrogen bonding in the PVA and agarose hydrogels. Both types of hydrogels favor the formation of large HeLa spheroids with an average diameter of around 700-800 µm after 72 h. However, the PVA spheroids are more compact than those from agarose, suggesting a potential influence of micro-mold surface chemistry on cell behavior and spheroid formation. This was additionally confirmed by evaluating the spheroid size, morphology, integrity, as well as E-cadherin and Ki67 expression. The results suggest that PVA promotes stronger cell-to-cell interactions in the spheroids. Even the integrity of PVA spheroids was maintained after exposure to the drug cisplatin. In conclusion, the patterned PVA hydrogels were successfully prepared using the 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds, and they could be used as suitable platforms for studying cell-cell interactions in cancer drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Moreno Valtierra
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas # 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Adriana Urue Corral
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas # 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Jorge Armando Jiménez-Avalos
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas # 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Oncológico, S.A. de C.V. (CIDO), Av. Palmira # 600-A, Col. Villas del Pedregal, San Luis Potosí 78218, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Parque Chapultepec # 1570, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Erika Barbosa Avalos
- Laboratorio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Civil Viejo Fray Antonio Alcalde, Coronel Calderón #777, El Retiro, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
| | - Judith Dávila-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Civil Viejo Fray Antonio Alcalde, Coronel Calderón #777, El Retiro, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
| | - Norma Morales Hernández
- Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Camino Arenero # 1227, Col. El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Comas-García
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Parque Chapultepec # 1570, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Sierra Leona # 550 Lomas de San Luis, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Toriz González
- Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Nogales km 15.5, Zapopan 45220, Mexico
| | - Antonio Oceguera-Villanueva
- Instituto Jalisciense de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, 715 Coronel Calderón St., El Retiro, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
| | - José Alfonso Cruz-Ramos
- Instituto Jalisciense de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, 715 Coronel Calderón St., El Retiro, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Hernández Gutiérrez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas # 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Moisés Martínez Velázquez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas # 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Zaira Yunuen García Carvajal
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas # 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
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8
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Fernández Aceñero MJ, Díaz del Arco C. Hereditary Gastrointestinal Tumor Syndromes: When Risk Comes with Your Genes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6440-6471. [PMID: 39057027 PMCID: PMC11275188 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent campaigns for screening and the latest advances in cancer therapy and molecular biology, gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms remain among the most frequent and lethal human tumors. Most GI neoplasms are sporadic, but there are some well-known familial syndromes associated with a significant risk of developing both benign and malignant GI tumors. Although some of these entities were described more than a century ago based on clinical grounds, the increasing molecular information obtained with high-throughput techniques has shed light on the pathogenesis of several of them. The vast amount of information gained from next-generation sequencing has led to the identification of some high-risk genetic variants, although others remain to be discovered. The opportunity for genetic assessment and counseling in these families has dramatically changed the management of these syndromes, though it has also resulted in significant psychological distress for the affected patients, especially those with indeterminate variants. Herein, we aim to summarize the most relevant hereditary cancer syndromes involving the stomach and colon, with an emphasis on new molecular findings, novel entities, and recent changes in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Fernández Aceñero
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díaz del Arco
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Licciardello M, Traldi C, Cicolini M, Bertana V, Marasso SL, Cocuzza M, Tonda-Turo C, Ciardelli G. A miniaturized multicellular platform to mimic the 3D structure of the alveolar-capillary barrier. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1346660. [PMID: 38646009 PMCID: PMC11026571 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1346660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Several diseases affect the alveoli, and the efficacy of medical treatments and pharmaceutical therapies is hampered by the lack of pre-clinical models able to recreate in vitro the diseases. Microfluidic devices, mimicking the key structural and compositional features of the alveoli, offer several advantages to medium and high-throughput analysis of new candidate therapies. Here, we developed an alveolus-on-a-chip recapitulating the microanatomy of the physiological tissue by including the epithelium, the fibrous interstitial layer and the capillary endothelium. A PDMS device was obtained assembling a top layer and a bottom layer obtained by replica molding. A polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL-Gel) electrospun membrane was included within the two layers supporting the seeding of 3 cell phenotypes. Epithelial cells were grown on a fibroblast-laden collagen hydrogel located on the top side of the PCL-Gel mats while endothelial cells were seeded on the basolateral side of the membrane. The innovative design of the microfluidic device allows to replicate both cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions according to the in vivo cell arrangement along with the establishment of physiologically relevant air-liquid interface conditions. Indeed, high cell viability was confirmed for up to 10 days and the formation of a tight endothelial and epithelial barrier was assessed by immunofluorescence assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Licciardello
- La.Di.Spe Bioengineerig, Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Turin, Italy
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Italy
| | - Cecilia Traldi
- La.Di.Spe Bioengineerig, Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Turin, Italy
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Italy
| | - Martina Cicolini
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- ChiLab- Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Chivasso, Italy
| | - Valentina Bertana
- ChiLab- Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Chivasso, Italy
| | - Simone Luigi Marasso
- ChiLab- Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Chivasso, Italy
- CNR-IMEM, National Research Council-Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Cocuzza
- ChiLab- Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Chivasso, Italy
| | - Chiara Tonda-Turo
- La.Di.Spe Bioengineerig, Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Turin, Italy
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- La.Di.Spe Bioengineerig, Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Turin, Italy
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Pisa, Italy
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10
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Ueno M, Chiba Y, Murakami R, Miyai Y, Matsumoto K, Wakamatsu K, Nakagawa T, Takebayashi G, Uemura N, Yanase K, Ogino Y. Transporters, Ion Channels, and Junctional Proteins in Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:708. [PMID: 38672064 PMCID: PMC11048166 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) plays significant roles in secreting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and forming circadian rhythms. A monolayer of epithelial cells with tight and adherens junctions of CP forms the blood-CSF barrier to control the movement of substances between the blood and ventricles, as microvessels in the stroma of CP have fenestrations in endothelial cells. CP epithelial cells are equipped with several kinds of transporters and ion channels to transport nutrient substances and secrete CSF. In addition, junctional components also contribute to CSF production as well as blood-CSF barrier formation. However, it remains unclear how junctional components as well as transporters and ion channels contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In this manuscript, recent findings regarding the distribution and significance of transporters, ion channels, and junctional proteins in CP epithelial cells are introduced, and how changes in expression of their epithelial proteins contribute to the pathophysiology of brain disorders are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Yoichi Chiba
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Ryuta Murakami
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Yumi Miyai
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Koichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Keiji Wakamatsu
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Toshitaka Nakagawa
- Division of Research Instrument and Equipment, Research Facility Center, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Genta Takebayashi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Naoya Uemura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Ken Yanase
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yuichi Ogino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.); (Y.O.)
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11
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Huifu H, Shefrin S, Yang S, Zhang Z, Kaul SC, Sundar D, Wadhwa R. Cucurbitacin-B inhibits cancer cell migration by targeting mortalin and HDM2: computational and in vitro experimental evidence. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2643-2652. [PMID: 37129211 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2206914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, a highly complex process wherein cancer cells move from the primary site to other sites in the body, is a major hurdle in its therapeutics. A large array of synthetic chemotherapeutic molecules used for the treatment of metastatic cancers, besides being extremely expensive and unaffordable, are known to cause severe adverse effects leading to poor quality of life (QOL) of the patients. In this premise, natural compounds (considered safe, easily available and economic) that possess the potential to inhibit migration of cancer cells are deemed useful and hence are on demand. Cucurbitacin-B (19-(10→9β)-abeo-10-lanost-5-ene triterpene, called Cuc-B) is a steroid mostly found in plants of Cucurbitaceae family. It has been shown to possess anticancer activity although the molecular mechanism remains poorly defined. We present evidence that Cuc-B has the ability to interact with mortalin and HDM2 proteins that are enriched in cancer cells, suppress wild type p53 function and promote cancer cell migration. Computational analyses showed that Cuc-B interacts with mortalin similar to MKT077 and Withanone, both have been shown to reactivate p53 function and inhibit cell migration. Furthermore, Cuc-B interacted with HDM2 similar to Y30, a well-known inhibitor of HDM2. Experimental cell and molecular analyses demonstrated the downregulation of several proteins, critically involved in cell migration in Cuc-B (low non-toxic doses)-treated cancer cells and exhibited inhibition of cell migration. The data suggested that Cuc-B is a potential natural drug that warrants further mechanistic and clinical studies for its use in the management of metastatic cancers.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huifu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seyad Shefrin
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shi Yang
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Durai Sundar
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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12
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Bhadane D, Kamble D, Deval M, Das S, Sitasawad S. NOX4 alleviates breast cancer cell aggressiveness by co-ordinating mitochondrial turnover through PGC1α/Drp1 axis. Cell Signal 2024; 115:111008. [PMID: 38092301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer, with few treatment options. This study investigates the complex molecular mechanism by which NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), a major ROS producer in mitochondria, affects the aggressiveness of luminal and triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs). We found that NOX4 expression was differentially regulated in luminal and TNBC cells, with a positive correlation to their epithelial characteristics. Time dependent analysis revealed that TNBCs exhibits higher steady-state ROS levels than luminal cells, but NOX4 silencing increased ROS levels in luminal breast cancer cells and enhanced their ability to migrate and invade. In contrast, NOX4 over expression in TNBCs had the opposite effect. The mouse tail-vein experiment showed that the group injected with NOX4 silenced luminal cells had a higher number of lung metastases compared to the control group. Mechanistically, NOX4 enhanced PGC1α dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and attenuated Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission in luminal breast cancer cells, leading to an increased mitochondrial mass and elongated mitochondrial morphology. Interestingly, NOX4 silencing increased mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) levels without affecting mitochondrial (Δψm) and cellular integrity. Inhibition of Drp1-dependent fission with Mdivi1 reversed the effect of NOX4-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and migration of breast cancer cells. Our findings suggest that NOX4 expression diminishes from luminal to a triple negative state, accompanied by elevated ROS levels, which may modulate mitochondrial turnover to attain an aggressive phenotype. The study provides potential insights for targeted therapies for TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Bhadane
- Redox Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune 411007, India
| | - Dinisha Kamble
- Redox Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune 411007, India
| | - Mangesh Deval
- Redox Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune 411007, India
| | - Subhajit Das
- Redox Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune 411007, India
| | - Sandhya Sitasawad
- Redox Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune 411007, India.
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13
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Xie H, Rutz J, Maxeiner S, Grein T, Thomas A, Juengel E, Chun FKH, Cinatl J, Haferkamp A, Tsaur I, Blaheta RA. Sulforaphane Inhibits Adhesion and Migration of Cisplatin- and Gemcitabine-Resistant Bladder Cancer Cells In Vitro. Nutrients 2024; 16:623. [PMID: 38474751 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Only 20% of patients with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma respond to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Since the natural phytochemical sulforaphane (SFN) exhibits antitumor properties, its influence on the adhesive and migratory properties of cisplatin- and gemcitabine-sensitive and cisplatin- and gemcitabine-resistant RT4, RT112, T24, and TCCSUP bladder cancer cells was evaluated. Mechanisms behind the SFN influence were explored by assessing levels of the integrin adhesion receptors β1 (total and activated) and β4 and their functional relevance. To evaluate cell differentiation processes, E- and N-cadherin, vimentin and cytokeratin (CK) 8/18 expression were examined. SFN down-regulated bladder cancer cell adhesion with cell line and resistance-specific differences. Different responses to SFN were reflected in integrin expression that depended on the cell line and presence of resistance. Chemotactic movement of RT112, T24, and TCCSUP (RT4 did not migrate) was markedly blocked by SFN in both chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistant cells. Integrin-blocking studies indicated β1 and β4 as chemotaxis regulators. N-cadherin was diminished by SFN, particularly in sensitive and resistant T24 and RT112 cells, whereas E-cadherin was increased in RT112 cells (not detectable in RT4 and TCCSup cells). Alterations in vimentin and CK8/18 were also apparent, though not the same in all cell lines. SFN exposure resulted in translocation of E-cadherin (RT112), N-cadherin (RT112, T24), and vimentin (T24). SFN down-regulated adhesion and migration in chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistant bladder cancer cells by acting on integrin β1 and β4 expression and inducing the mesenchymal-epithelial translocation of cadherins and vimentin. SFN does, therefore, possess potential to improve bladder cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Maxeiner
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Timothy Grein
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anita Thomas
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix K-H Chun
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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14
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Zhong X, Sun L, Liu J, Yang X, Hou M, Wang X, Diao H. Silencing LINC00663 inhibits inflammation and angiogenesis through downregulation of NR2F1 via EBF1 in bladder cancer. RNA Biol 2024; 21:9-22. [PMID: 39219375 PMCID: PMC11188801 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2368304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is to elucidate the effect of the LINC00663/EBF1/NR2F1 axis on inflammation and angiogenesis in bladder cancer (BC) and related molecular mechanisms. After transfection, functional experiments were conducted to test cell proliferation and invasion, tube formation ability, and content of inflammatory factors, Snail, E-cadherin, and VEGFA. Meanwhile, the relationships among LINC00663, EBF1, and NR2F1 were predicted and verified. In addition, xenograft experiments in nude mice were performed to observe the oncogenicity of 5637 BC cells in vivo. In BC tissues and cells, LINC00663 and NR2F1 were upregulated. Silencing NR2F1 or LINC00663 repressed cell proliferation and invasion, weakened vascular mimicry in vitro, decreased inflammatory factor, Snail, and VEGFA levels, and increased expression of E-cadherin. LINC00663 positively regulated NR2F1 expression through EBF1. Additionally, in vivo experiments showed that NR2F1 upregulation reversed the suppression effects of LINC00663 silencing on tumour growth, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Silencing LINC00663 decreased NR2F1 expression by mediating EBF1, thereby inhibiting BC inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulong Zhong
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lijiang Sun
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Junxiang Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokun Yang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Hou
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xinning Wang
- Medical Record Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Huifeng Diao
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
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15
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Masadah R, Ikram D, Riadi R, Tangdiung Y, Nelwan BJ, Ghaznawie M, Rauf S, Faruk M. CD133, CD47, and PD-L1 Expression in Ovarian High-grade Serous Carcinoma and Its Association with Metastatic Disease: A Cross-sectional Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:249-255. [PMID: 38285791 PMCID: PMC10911714 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.1.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer is a primary cause of cancer-related death in women. At the time of diagnosis, the majority of ovarian malignancies had metastasized. It is believed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) and immune evasion play a crucial role in the metastatic process. The objective of this study was to describe the expression profiles of cluster of differentiation (CD)133, CD47, and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) as commonly utilized markers for CSCs and immune evasion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using an immunohistochemical procedure, 51 HGSC tissue samples were stained with anti-CD133, anti-CD47, and anti-PDL1 antibodies. The samples contained 31 HGSC with metastases and 20 HGSC absent metastases. The expression of CD133, CD47, and PD-L1 was compared between groups. RESULTS Strong expression of CD133 and CD47 was seen in 52% and 66% of tissue samples, respectively. Twenty of the thirty-one patients with metastases had a significant level of CD133 expression, with a p-value of 0.039. CD47 expression was increased in 26 of 31 samples with metastatic disease. A 62.7 percent of samples were negative for PD-L1 expression, significantly inversely correlated with HGSC metastatic disease (p=0.023). Although there was no significant association between CD133, CD47, or PD-L1 expression and age, Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes demonstrated a significantly varied relationship. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that expression of CD133, CD47, and PD-L1 may have dynamically increased as the primary lesion progressed to the metastatic lesion, implying that these proteins may be involved in the progression of high-grade serous ovarian cancer from the primary to the metastatic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Masadah
- Department of Patology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
| | - Dzul Ikram
- Department of Patology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia.
| | - Riadi Riadi
- Department of Patology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
| | - Yemima Tangdiung
- Department of Patology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
| | - Berti Julian Nelwan
- Department of Patology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
| | - Mahmud Ghaznawie
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Indonesia.
| | - Syahrul Rauf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Faruk
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
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16
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Hussein ZH, Hassawi BA, Ibraheem Q. Aberrant β-Catenin Expression and Its Association With Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Clinical Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer. Cureus 2024; 16:e53104. [PMID: 38414697 PMCID: PMC10897760 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health challenge with high mortality rates. Dysregulation of β-catenin, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) are crucial in CRC development. Mutations in the APC gene lead to aberrant β-catenin expression, a key player in CRC pathogenesis. β-catenin not only influences canonical Wnt signaling but also regulates EMT. This study investigated the correlation between APC mutations, β-catenin dysregulation, and EMT induction in CRC. Methodology Tissue samples from 96 CRC patients and 40 para-cancerous normal tissues were collected and subjected to immunohistochemistry to assess β-catenin, E-cadherin, ZEB1, Snail, and vimentin expression. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed for APC mutations. Next-generation sequencing was employed for data analysis. Results Aberrant β-catenin expression was found in 82.3% of CRC cases and correlated with advanced clinicopathological factors. Aberrant β-catenin expression was associated with age (p=0.01), tumor invasion depth (p=0.03), nodal/distant metastasis (p=0.001 and 0.004), and vascular invasion (p=0.001). Aberrant β-catenin was correlated with EMT status. A positive correlation was observed between aberrant β-catenin expression and ZEB1 (p=0.001), Snail (p=0.001), vimentin (p=0.001), and loss of membranous E-cadherin (p=0001). Coexistence of aberrant β-catenin and EMT markers was associated with advanced CRC progression. Cancerous tissues displayed higher aberrant β-catenin and EMT markers expression than para-cancerous tissues. APC mutations were present in 59.3% of cases, with 91.2% of mutated APC cases showing aberrant β-catenin expression. The coexistence of APC mutation and aberrant β-catenin expression was correlated with the clinical outcomes of CRC patients. Mutated APC cases exhibited significantly increased EMT marker expression. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of aberrant β-catenin expression in CRC progression, linked to APC mutations and EMT induction. Understanding these relationships could aid in developing targeted therapies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihel H Hussein
- Department of Anatomy, Biology, and Histology, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
| | - Bashar Al Hassawi
- Department of Anatomy, Biology, and Histology, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
| | - Qais Ibraheem
- Department of Anatomy, Biology, and Histology, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
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17
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Li Z, Yang J, Chen L, Chen P, Liu C, Long X, Chen B, Long J. Moscatilin Reverses EMT Progression and its Resulting Enhanced Invasion and Migration by Affecting the TGF-β Signaling Pathway in Bladder Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:1074-1084. [PMID: 38808719 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206307769240522075729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer metastasis is an essential process in the progression of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. EMT plays a crucial role in facilitating the spread of cancer cells. Identifying compounds that can inhibit these abilities of cancer cells is a significant international endeavor. OBJECTIVE To explore the migration and invasion effect of Moscatilin on the bladder and clarify the mechanism of action Methods: The anti-bladder cancer effect of Moscatilin was observed by a cell proliferation experiment. The migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells inhibited by Moscatilin were detected by Transwell and Wound healing. The effects of Moscatilin on EMT-related proteins E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail1, Vimentin, and TGF-β signaling pathways were detected by Western blot, and nucleic acid levels were verified by qPCR. RESULTS Our study revealed that Moscatilin reduced the viability of bladder cancer cells in vitro and impeded their migration and invasion in experimental settings. Furthermore, we observed that Moscatilin decreased the activation levels of active proteins, specifically Smad3, Samd2, and MMP2. Additionally, we found that moscatilin significantly reduced the expression level of TGF-β and was also capable of reversing the overexpression effect of TGF-β. Treatment with Moscatilin also led to significant inhibition of interstitial cell markers Ncadherin and Snail1, which are associated with EMT. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that Moscatilin impedes the migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells by influencing cell survival, modulating TGF-β/Smad signaling, and inhibiting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenhuan Liu
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoming Long
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Long
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Liu Z, Luo P, Cao K, Hu Q, Hu B, Cui L, Wang X, Shi H, Zhang B, Wang R. SIAH1/CTR9 axis promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:304-316. [PMID: 37038329 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
SIAH1 has been reported to participate in several human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the effect of SIAH1 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has not been reported in HCC cells. Here, we discovered the inhibitory effect of SIAH1 on HCC cell migration and invasion, which was related with regulating EMT. Molecularly, a yeast two-hybrid experiment indicated that Cln Three Requiring 9 (CTR9) was a potential interacting protein of SIAH1, which was further verified by co-immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, SIAH1 inhibited the EMT of HCC cells through negatively regulating CTR9. Importantly, CTR9 was ubiquitinated and degraded by SIAH1 via the proteasome pathway in HCC cells. Additionally, it was showed that SIAH1 mainly mediated the K48-linked polyubiquitination on CTR9. Finally, the protein level of CTR9 was found to be inversely correlated with SIAH1 in human HCC tissues. Summed up all together, these findings reveal that SIAH1/CTR9 axis promotes the EMT of HCC cells and is a promising therapeutic target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Liu
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengchao Luo
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuan Cao
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghe Hu
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Licheng Cui
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengliang Shi
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renhao Wang
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Corbet AK, Bikorimana E, Boyd RI, Shokry D, Kries K, Gupta A, Paton A, Sun Z, Fazal Z, Freemantle SJ, Nelson ER, Spinella MJ, Singh R. G0S2 promotes antiestrogenic and pro-migratory responses in ER+ and ER- breast cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2023; 33:101676. [PMID: 37086619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is known to inhibit lipolysis by inhibiting adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). In this report, we dissect the role of G0S2 in ER+ versus ER- breast cancer. Overexpression of G0S2 in ER- cells increased cell proliferation, while G0S2 overexpression in ER+ cells decreased cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that G0S2 mediated distinct but overlapping transcriptional responses in ER- and ER+ cells. G0S2 reduced genes associated with an epithelial phenotype, especially in ER- cells, including CDH1, ELF3, STEAP4 and TACSTD2, suggesting promotion of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). G0S2 also repressed estrogen signaling and estrogen receptor target gene signatures, especially in ER+ cells, including TFF1 and TFF3. In addition, G0S2 overexpression increased cell migration in ER- cells and increased estrogen deprivation sensitivity in ER+ cells. Interestingly, two genes downstream of ATGL in fat utilization and very important in steroid hormone biosynthesis, HMGCS1 and HMGCS2, were downregulated in G0S2 overexpressing ER+ cells. In addition, HSD17B11, a gene that converts estradiol to its less estrogenic derivative, estrone, was highly upregulated in G0S2 overexpressing ER+ cells, suggesting G0S2 overexpression has a negative effect on estradiol production and maintenance. High expression of G0S2 and HSD17B11 was associated with improved relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients while high expression of HMGSC1 was associated with poor survival. Finally, we deleted G0S2 in breast cancer-prone MMTV-PyMT mice. Our data indicates a complex role for G0S2 in breast cancer, dependent on ER status, that may be partially mediated by suppression of the estrogen signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Corbet
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Emmanuel Bikorimana
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Raya I Boyd
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Doha Shokry
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kelly Kries
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ayush Gupta
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Anneliese Paton
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhengyang Sun
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zeeshan Fazal
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sarah J Freemantle
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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20
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Balamurugan K, Poria DK, Sehareen SW, Krishnamurthy S, Tang W, McKennett L, Padmanaban V, Czarra K, Ewald AJ, Ueno NT, Ambs S, Sharan S, Sterneck E. Stabilization of E-cadherin adhesions by COX-2/GSK3β signaling is a targetable pathway in metastatic breast cancer. JCI Insight 2023; 8:156057. [PMID: 36757813 PMCID: PMC10070121 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic progression of epithelial cancers can be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) including transcriptional inhibition of E-cadherin (CDH1) expression. Recently, EM plasticity (EMP) and E-cadherin-mediated, cluster-based metastasis and treatment resistance have become more appreciated. However, the mechanisms that maintain E-cadherin expression in this context are less understood. Through studies of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and a 3D tumor cell "emboli" culture paradigm, we discovered that cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2; PTGS2), a target gene of C/EBPδ (CEBPD), or its metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes protein stability of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and p120 catenin through inhibition of GSK3β. The COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib downregulated E-cadherin complex proteins and caused cell death. Coexpression of E-cadherin and COX-2 was seen in breast cancer tissues from patients with poor outcome and, along with inhibitory GSK3β phosphorylation, in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).Celecoxib alone decreased E-cadherin protein expression within xenograft tumors, though CDH1 mRNA levels increased, and reduced circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters. In combination with paclitaxel, celecoxib attenuated or regressed lung metastases. This study has uncovered a mechanism by which metastatic breast cancer cells can maintain E-cadherin-mediated cell-to-cell adhesions and cell survival, suggesting that some patients with COX-2+/E-cadherin+ breast cancer may benefit from targeting of the PGE2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Dipak K Poria
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Saadiya W Sehareen
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Savitri Krishnamurthy
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lois McKennett
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Veena Padmanaban
- Departments of Cell Biology and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelli Czarra
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Departments of Cell Biology and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shikha Sharan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Esta Sterneck
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, Maryland, USA
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