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Wong C, Ho EA. Development of modular polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery using amine reactive chemistry. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:13148. [PMID: 39165831 PMCID: PMC11333243 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin has been explored for its anti-cancer potential, but is severely limited by its hydrophobicity and sensitivity to light and water. In this study, poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized to encapsulate curcumin via single emulsion method to improve curcumin stability and bioavailability. The PLGA NPs were coated with oligomeric chitosan (COS) and RGD peptide (a peptide consisting of Arg-Gly-Asp) using amine-reactive chemistry (NHS and EDC). Both COS and RGD had been previously shown to accumulate and target many different types of cancer cells. NPs were characterised based on size distribution, zeta potential, and binding efficiency of RGD peptide. They were also evaluated on encapsulation efficiency, and stability, of curcumin within the NPs. OVCAR-3 cancer cells were treated with COS and RGD-coated PLGA NPs loaded with Coumarin-6 dye for fluorescent imaging of cell uptake. They were also treated with curcumin-loaded NPs to determine cytotoxicity and effectiveness of delivery. The NPs exhibited size distribution and zeta potential within expected values, though binding efficiency of RGD was low. Curcumin-loaded NPs showed significant increase in cytotoxicity over free (unencapsulated) curcumin, and void (empty) NPs, suggesting successful delivery of curcumin as an anti-cancer agent; the performance of COS and RGD coated NPs over bare PLGA NPs was inconclusive, however, optimization will be required to improve formulation during the coating steps. This method of NP synthesis serves as proof of concept for a modular solution to the development of various coated polymeric NPs for other drugs or applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Wong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Emmanuel A. Ho
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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2
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Wang AJY, Yan C, Reike MJ, Black PC, Contreras-Sanz A. A systematic review of nanocarriers for treatment of urologic cancers. Urol Oncol 2024; 42:75-101. [PMID: 38161104 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Nanocarriers (NCs) are a form of nanotechnology widely investigated in cancer treatment to improve the safety and efficacy of systemic therapies by increasing tumor specificity. Numerous clinical trials have explored the use of NCs in urologic cancers since the approval of the first NCs for cancer treatment over 20 years ago. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the effectiveness and safety of NCs in treating urological cancers. This paper summarizes the state of the field by investigating peer-reviewed, published results from 43 clinical trials involving the use of NCs in bladder, prostate, and kidney cancer patients with a focus on safety and efficacy data. Among the 43 trials, 16 were phase I, 20 phase II, and 4 phase I/II. No phase III trials have been reported. While both novel and classic NCs have been explored in urologic cancers, NCs already approved for the treatment of other cancers were more widely represented. Trials in prostate cancer and mixed trials involving both urologic and non-urologic cancer patients were the most commonly reported trials. Although NCs have demonstrable efficacy with adequate safety in non-urologic cancer patient populations, current clinical stage NC options appear to be less beneficial in the urologic cancer setting. For example, nab-paclitaxel and liposomal doxorubicin have proven ineffective in the treatment of urologic cancers despite successes in other cancers. However, several ongoing pre-clinical studies using targeted and locally applied improved NCs may eventually improve their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Y Wang
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cathy Yan
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Moritz J Reike
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter C Black
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada..
| | - Alberto Contreras-Sanz
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada..
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3
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Wang T, Chang TMS. Superparamagnetic Artificial Cells PLGA-Fe 3O 4 Micro/Nanocapsules for Cancer Targeted Delivery. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5807. [PMID: 38136352 PMCID: PMC10741498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial cells have been extensively used in many fields, such as nanomedicine, biotherapy, blood substitutes, drug delivery, enzyme/gene therapy, cancer therapy, and the COVID-19 vaccine. The unique properties of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles have contributed to increased interest in using superparamagnetic artificial cells (PLGA-Fe3O4 micro/nanocapsules) for targeted therapy. In this review, the preparation methods of Fe3O4 NPs and superparamagnetic artificial cell PLGA-drug-Fe3O4 micro/nanocapsules are discussed. This review also focuses on the recent progress of superparamagnetic PLGA-drug-Fe3O4 micro/nanocapsules as targeted therapeutics. We shall concentrate on the use of superparamagnetic artificial cells in the form of PLGA-drug-Fe3O4 nanocapsules for magnetic hyperthermia/photothermal therapy and cancer therapies, including lung breast cancer and glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Ming Swi Chang
- Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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4
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Alyami MH, Musallam AA, Ibrahim TM, Mahdy MA, Elnahas HM, Aldeeb RA. The Exploitation of pH-Responsive Eudragit-Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanostructures in the Repurposing of Terbinafine Hydrochloride for Targeted Colon Cancer Inhibition: Design Optimization, In Vitro Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Assessment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2677. [PMID: 38140018 PMCID: PMC10747614 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery is achieving great success in cancer therapy due to its potential to deliver drugs directly to the action site. Terbinafine hydrochloride (TER) is a broad-spectrum anti-fungal drug that has been found to have some potential anti-tumor effects in the treatment of colon cancer. We aimed here to design and develop pH-sensitive Eudragit (Eud)-coated mesoporous silica nanostructures (MSNs) to control drug release in response to changes in pH. The diffusion-supported loading (DiSupLo) technique was applied for loading TER into the MSNs. The formulation was optimized by a D-optimal design, which permits the concurrent assessment of the influence of drug/MSN%, coat concentration, and MSN type on the drug entrapment efficiency (EE) and its release performance. The optimal formula displayed a high EE of 96.49%, minimizing the release in pH 1.2 to 16.15% and maximizing the release in pH 7.4 to 78.09%. The cytotoxicity of the optimal formula on the colon cancer cells HT-29 was higher than it was with TER alone by 2.8-fold. Apoptosis in cancer cells exposed to the optimum formula was boosted as compared to what it was with the plain TER by 1.2-fold and it was more efficient in arresting cells during the G0/G1 and S stages of the cell cycle. Accordingly, the repurposing of TER utilizing Eud/MSNs is a promising technique for targeted colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A. Musallam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12582, Egypt
| | - Tarek M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Mahdy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hanan M. Elnahas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Reem A. Aldeeb
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12582, Egypt
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5
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Yahia S, Khalil IA, El-Sherbiny IM. Fortified gelatin-based hydrogel scaffold with simvastatin-mixed nanomicelles and platelet rich plasma as a promising bioimplant for tissue regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:730-744. [PMID: 36400213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration includes conservative and surgical strategies that have a high risk of recurrence. Consequently, tissue engineering represents a promising alternative treatment. This study aimed at healing damaged IVD with a bioimplant that can maintain the function of defected IVD. The developed IVD scaffold is composed of a fortified biocompatible gelatin-based hydrogel to mimic the ECM mechanical properties of IVD and to allow a sustained release of loaded bioactive agents. The hydrogel is laden with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and simvastatin (SIM)-loaded mixed pluronics nanomicelles because of their regenerative ability and anti-inflammatory effect, respectively. The gelatin-based hydrogel attained swelling of 508.9 ± 7.9 % to 543.1 ± 5.9 % after 24 h. Increasing crosslinking degree of the hydrogel improved its mechanical elasticity up to 0.3 ± 0.1 N/mm2, and retarded its degradation. The optimum mixed nanomicelles had particle size of 84 ± 0.5 nm, a surface charge of -10 ± 7.1 mv, EE% of 84.9 %, and released 88.4 % of SIM after 21 days. Cytotoxicity of IVD components was evaluated using human skin fibroblast for 3 days. WST-test results proved biocompatibility of IVD scaffold. Subcutaneous implantation of the IVD scaffold was performed for 28 days to test in-vivo biocompatibility. Histological and histochemical micrographs depicted normal healing signs such as macrophages, T-cells, angiogenesis and granulation reactions. Introducing PRP in IVD improved healing process and decreased inflammation reactions. The developed multicomponent implant could be used as potential IVD scaffold with desirable mechanical properties, biocompatibility and healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Yahia
- Nanomedicine Research Labs, Center for Materials Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Islam A Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October, Giza 12582, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanomedicine Research Labs, Center for Materials Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, 12578, Giza, Egypt.
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6
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Bartkowiak A, Nazaruk E, Gajda E, Godlewska M, Gaweł D, Jabłonowska E, Bilewicz R. Simvastatin Coadministration Modulates the Electrostatically Driven Incorporation of Doxorubicin into Model Lipid and Cell Membranes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4354-4364. [PMID: 36173110 PMCID: PMC9554873 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Understanding the interactions between drugs and lipid
membranes
is a prerequisite for finding the optimal way to deliver drugs into
cells. Coadministration of statins and anticancer agents has been
reported to have a positive effect on anticancer therapy. In this
study, we elucidate the mechanism by which simvastatin (SIM) improves
the efficiency of biological membrane penetration by the chemotherapeutic
agent doxorubicin (DOX) in neutral and slightly acidic solutions.
The incorporation of DOX, SIM, or a combination of them (DOX:SIM)
into selected single-component lipid membranes, zwitterionic unsaturated
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(POPC), neutral cholesterol, and negatively charged 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (DMPS) was assessed
using the Langmuir method. The penetration of neutral lipid monolayers
by the codelivery of SIM and DOX was clearly facilitated at pH 5.5,
which resembles the pH conditions of the environment of cancer cells.
This effect was ascribed to partial neutralization of the DOX positive
charge as the result of intermolecular interactions between DOX and
SIM. On the other hand, the penetration of the negatively charged
DMPS monolayer was most efficient in the case of the positively charged
DOX. The efficiency of the drug delivery to the cell membranes was
evaluated under in vitro conditions using a panel
of cancer-derived cell lines (A172, T98G, and HeLa). MTS and trypan
blue exclusion assays were performed, followed by confocal microscopy
and spheroid culture tests. Cells were exposed to either free drugs
or drugs encapsulated in lipid carriers termed cubosomes. We demonstrated
that the viability of cancer cells exposed to DOX was significantly
impaired in the presence of SIM, and this phenomenon was greatly magnified
when DOX and SIM were coencapsulated in cubosomes. Overall, our results
confirmed the utility of the DOX:SIM combination delivery, which enhances
the interactions between neutral components of cell membranes and
positively charged chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Nazaruk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Gaweł
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Renata Bilewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Yola B, Karaman C, Özcan N, Atar N, Polat İ, Yola M. Electrochemical tau protein immunosensor based on MnS/GO/PANI and magnetite‐incorporated gold nanoparticles. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Yola
- Gaziantep Islam Bilim ve Teknoloji Universitesi TURKEY
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8
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Glass Transition Temperature of PLGA Particles and the Influence on Drug Delivery Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050993. [PMID: 35267816 PMCID: PMC8912735 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based nano- and micro- drug delivery vehicles have been rapidly developed since PLGA was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Common factors that influence PLGA particle properties have been extensively studied by researchers, such as particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), surface morphology, zeta potential, and drug loading efficiency. These properties have all been found to be key factors for determining the drug release kinetics of the drug delivery particles. For drug delivery applications the drug release behavior is a critical property, and PLGA drug delivery systems are still plagued with the issue of burst release when a large portion of the drug is suddenly released from the particle rather than the controlled release the particles are designed for. Other properties of the particles can play a role in the drug release behavior, such as the glass transition temperature (Tg). The Tg, however, is an underreported property of current PLGA based drug delivery systems. This review summarizes the basic knowledge of the glass transition temperature in PLGA particles, the factors that influence the Tg, the effect of Tg on drug release behavior, and presents the recent awareness of the influence of Tg on drug delivery applications.
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9
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The potential use of simvastatin for cancer treatment: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111858. [PMID: 34323700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, typically used to reduce lipid levels, have been rediscovered for exhibiting anticancer activities. Among them, especially simvastatin may influence the proliferation, migration, and survival of cancer cells. The concept of using statins to treat cancer has been adopted since the 1990s In vitro and in vivo experiments and cohort studies using statins have been carried out to demonstrate their antitumor effects (such as proliferation and migration impairment) by influencing inflammatory and oxidative stress-related tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, the biological mechanisms for these actions are not fully elucidated. In this review, we present an overview of the most important studies conducted from 2015 to date on the use of simvastatin in cancer therapy. This review brings the most recent perspectives and targets in epidemiological, in vitro, and in vivo studies, regarding the use of simvastatin alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of various types of cancer.
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Sedki M, Zhao G, Ma S, Jassby D, Mulchandani A. Linker-Free Magnetite-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles (Fe 3O 4-Au): Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic (III). SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:883. [PMID: 33525604 PMCID: PMC7866134 DOI: 10.3390/s21030883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Linker-free magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs)-decorated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were grown using a new protocol that can be used as a new platform for synthesis of other intact metal-metal oxide nanocomposites without the need for linkers. This minimizes the distance between the metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and ensures the optimum combined effects between the two material interfaces. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of the Fe3O4-Au nanocomposite, without any change in the magnetite phase. Characterization, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, revealed the composite to consist of AuNPs of 70 ± 10 nm diameter decorated with tiny 10 ± 3 nm diameter Fe3O4NPs in Au:Fe mass ratio of 5:1. The prepared Fe3O4-Au nanocomposite was embedded in ionic liquid (IL) and applied for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the electrochemical detection of As(III) in water. By combining the excellent catalytic properties of the AuNPs with the high adsorption capacity of the tiny Fe3O4NPs towards As(III), as well as the good conductivity of IL, the Fe3O4-Au-IL nanocomposite showed excellent performance in the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry detection of As(III). Under the optimized conditions, a linear range of 1 to 100 μg/L was achieved with a detection limit of 0.22 μg/L (S/N = 3), and no interference from 100-fold higher concentrations of a wide variety of cations and anions found in water. A very low residual standard deviation of 1.16% confirmed the high precision/reproducibility of As(III) analysis and the reliability of the Fe3O4-Au-IL sensing interface. Finally, this proposed sensing interface was successfully applied to analyzing synthetic river and wastewater samples with a 95-101% recovery, demonstrating excellent accuracy, even in complex synthetic river and wastewater samples containing high concentrations of humic acid without any sample pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sedki
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Guo Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Shengcun Ma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.M.); (D.J.)
| | - David Jassby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.M.); (D.J.)
| | - Ashok Mulchandani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
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11
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Cardoso HJ, Carvalho TMA, Fonseca LRS, Figueira MI, Vaz CV, Socorro S. Revisiting prostate cancer metabolism: From metabolites to disease and therapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1499-1538. [PMID: 33274768 DOI: 10.1002/med.21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, still presents important unmet clinical needs concerning treatment. In the last years, the metabolic reprogramming and the specificities of tumor cells emerged as an exciting field for cancer therapy. The unique features of PCa cells metabolism, and the activation of specific metabolic pathways, propelled the use of metabolic inhibitors for treatment. The present work revises the knowledge of PCa metabolism and the metabolic alterations that underlie the development and progression of the disease. A focus is given to the role of bioenergetic sources, namely, glucose, lipids, and glutamine sustaining PCa cell survival and growth. Moreover, it is described as the action of oncogenes/tumor suppressors and sex steroid hormones in the metabolic reprogramming of PCa. Finally, the status of PCa treatment based on the inhibition of metabolic pathways is presented. Globally, this review updates the landscape of PCa metabolism, highlighting the critical metabolic alterations that could have a clinical and therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago M A Carvalho
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lara R S Fonseca
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marília I Figueira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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12
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Developed simvastatin chitosan nanoparticles co-crosslinked with tripolyphosphate and chondroitin sulfate for ASGPR-mediated targeted HCC delivery with enhanced oral bioavailability. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1851-1867. [PMID: 33424274 PMCID: PMC7783227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin (SV) repurposing has emerged as an alternative approach for the treatment of cancer. In this study, SV chitosan nanoparticles co-crosslinked with tripolyphosphate and chondroitin sulfate (SVCSChSNPs) were developed in order to maximize SV therapeutic efficiency. The hepatic targeting was realized using N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues of ChS, which can be identified by the ASGPR receptors specifically expressed in hepatocytes. SV was repurposed as an anticancer agent against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NPs were fabricated by the ionic gelation method, and the formulation variables (CS concentration, CS:ChS ratio, and CS solution pH) were optimized using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design. The optimized NPs were investigated for particle size, size distribution, zeta potential, morphology, in vitro cytotoxicity, apoptotic effects against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, and detection of intracellular localization. The NPs were further evaluated for in vitro release behavior of SV and pharmacokinetics using Wister albino rats. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging showed a spherical shape with regular surface NPs of < 100 nm diameter. In vitro cytotoxicity testing showed that the SVCSChSNPs exhibited greater inhibition of proliferation in HepG2 cells and high cellular uptake through ASGPR-mediated endocytosis. The in vitro dissolution profile was 2.1-fold greater than that of pure SV suspension. Furthermore, in vivo oral pharmacokinetics revealed that the obtained NPs enhanced the bioavailability of SV by up to 2- and 1.6-fold for SV and SVA, respectively, compared to the pure SV suspension. These findings demonstrated that hepatic-targeted CSChSNPs delivering SV could potentially serve as a promising platform for HCC and other liver-related diseases.
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13
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Erkisa M, Ari F, Ulku I, Khodadust R, Yar Y, Yagci Acar H, Ulukaya E. Etoposide Loaded SPION-PNIPAM Nanoparticles Improve the in vitro Therapeutic Outcome on Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells via Enhanced Apoptosis. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000607. [PMID: 32918383 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide because its metastatic form is a deadly disease. Therefore, the development of new chemotherapeutics is of immense importance. Nanoparticle technology seems to provide diverse options in this regard. Therefore, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) loaded with Etoposide were prepared in small sizes (57 nm) and with 3.5 % drug content to improve the efficiency of Etoposide in prostate cancer therapy. Sustained release of the drug was achieved, which found to be sensitive to low pH and high temperature. The anti-growth activity of SPION-PNIPAM-Etoposide formulation against metastatic prostate cancer cells (PC-3, LNCaP) were investigated by SRB assay, then, confirmed by ATP assay. Mode of cell death was evaluated by using flow cytometry analyses. A significant improvement of nanoformulated drug was observed at 5-10 μg/ml doses of the drug in both cell lines. More importantly, this formulation enhanced the cytotoxic effect of Etoposide on PC-3 cells, which is considered more resistant to Etoposide than LNCaP and reduced the IC50 value by 55 % reaching to 4.5 μg drug/ml, which is a very significant improvement in the literature. It was clearly shown that nanoformulated drug provided about 3-fold increases in caspase-dependent early apoptotic cells in PC-3 cells. The novel formulation seems to successfully cause cell death of especially PC-3 metastatic prostate cancer cells. It should therefore be taken into consideration for further animal studies as a novel potent anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Erkisa
- Bursa Uludag University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology, 16059, Bursa, Turkey.,Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Center, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ari
- Bursa Uludag University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Irem Ulku
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Yasemin Yar
- Koc University, Materials Science and Engineering, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University, Materials Science and Engineering, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Istinye University, School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ferreira Soares DC, Domingues SC, Viana DB, Tebaldi ML. Polymer-hybrid nanoparticles: Current advances in biomedical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110695. [PMID: 32920512 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique properties of polymer-hybrid nanosystems enable them to play an important role in different fields such as biomedical applications. Hybrid materials, which are formed by polymer and inorganic- or organic-base systems, have been the focus of many recently published studies whose results have shown outstanding improvements in drug targeting. The development of hybrid polymer materials can avoid the synthesis of new molecules, which is an overall expensive process that can take several years to get to the proper elaboration and approval. Thus, the combination of properties in a single hybrid system can have several advantages over non-hybrid platforms, such as improvements in circulation time, structural disintegration, high stability, premature release, low encapsulation rate and unspecific release kinetics. Thus, the aim of the present review is to outline a rapid and well-oriented scenario concerning the knowledge about polymer-hybrid nanoparticles use in biomedical platforms. Furthermore, the ultimate methodologies adopted in synthesis processes, as well as in applications in vitro/in vivo, are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Crístian Ferreira Soares
- Universidade Federal de Itajubá, campus Itabira, Laboratório de Bioengenharia, Rua Irmã Ivone Drumond, 200, Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Stephanie Calazans Domingues
- Universidade Federal de Itajubá, campus Itabira, Laboratório de Bioengenharia, Rua Irmã Ivone Drumond, 200, Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bragança Viana
- Universidade Federal de Itajubá, campus Itabira, Laboratório de Bioengenharia, Rua Irmã Ivone Drumond, 200, Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marli Luiza Tebaldi
- Universidade Federal de Itajubá, campus Itabira, Laboratório de Bioengenharia, Rua Irmã Ivone Drumond, 200, Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Matusewicz L, Czogalla A, Sikorski AF. Attempts to use statins in cancer therapy: An update. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320941760. [PMID: 32662332 DOI: 10.1177/1010428320941760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it could be speculated that almost everything has been said concerning the use of statins in cancer therapy, statins as anticancer drugs have both committed supporters and opponents, for whom the dispute about the legitimacy of statin use in cancer treatment seems never to be clearly resolved; every year more than 300 reports which deepen the knowledge about statins and their influence on cancer cells are published. In this mini-review, we focus on the latest (since 2015) outcomes of cohort studies and meta-analyses indicating statin effectiveness in cancer treatment. We discuss attempts to improve the bioavailability of statins using nanocarriers and review the effectiveness of statins in combined therapies. We also summarise the latest results regarding the development of mechanisms of resistance to statins by cancer cells and, on the other hand, give a few examples where statins could potentially be used to overcome resistance to commonly used chemotherapeutics. Finally, special attention is paid to new reports on the effect of statins on epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Matusewicz
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Rahman HS, Othman HH, Hammadi NI, Yeap SK, Amin KM, Abdul Samad N, Alitheen NB. Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Loading of Natural Plant Extracts and Their Biomedical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2439-2483. [PMID: 32346289 PMCID: PMC7169473 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s227805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of research have distinctly addressed the efficacy of natural plant metabolites used for human consumption both in cell culture and preclinical animal model systems. However, these in vitro and in vivo effects have not been able to be translated for clinical use because of several factors such as inefficient systemic delivery and bioavailability of promising agents that significantly contribute to this disconnection. Over the past decades, extraordinary advances have been made successfully on the development of novel drug delivery systems for encapsulation of plant active metabolites including organic, inorganic and hybrid nanoparticles. The advanced formulas are confirmed to have extraordinary benefits over conventional and previously used systems in the manner of solubility, bioavailability, toxicity, pharmacological activity, stability, distribution, sustained delivery, and both physical and chemical degradation. The current review highlights the development of novel nanocarrier for plant active compounds, their method of preparation, type of active ingredients, and their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah46001, Republic of Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Republic of Iraq
| | - Hemn Hassan Othman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah46001, Republic of Iraq
| | - Nahidah Ibrahim Hammadi
- Department of Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Anbar, Ramadi, Republic of Iraq
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Kawa Mohammad Amin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah46001, Republic of Iraq
| | - Nozlena Abdul Samad
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Institut Perubatan dan Pergigian Termaju (IPPT), Sains@BERTAM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bio-Molecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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