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Tang Z, Huang G. Extraction, structure, and activity of polysaccharide from Radix astragali. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113015. [PMID: 35468585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix astragali polysaccharide (RAP) is a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide. It is an immune promoter and regulator, and has antivirus, antitumor, anti-aging, anti-radiation, anti-stress, anti-oxidation and other activitys. The extraction, separation, purification, structure, activity and modification of RAP were summarized. Some extraction methods of RAP had been introduced, and the separation and purification methods of RAP were reviewed, and the structure and activity of RAP were highly discussed. Current derivatization of RAP was outlined. Through the above discussion that the yield of crude polysaccharides from Radix astragali by enzyme-assisted extraction was significantly higher than that by other extraction methods, but each extraction method had different extraction effects under certain conditions, and the activity efficiency of RAP was also different. Therefore, it is particularly important to optimize the extraction method with known better yield for the study of RAP. In addition, the purification and separation of RAP are the key factors affecting the yield and activity of RAP. At the same time, there are still few studies on the derivatiration of Radix astragali polysaccharide, but the researches in this area are very important. RAP also has many important pharmacological effects on human body, but its practical application needs further study. Finally, studies on the structure-activity relationship of RAP still need to be carried out by many scholars. This review would provide some help for further researches on various important applications of RAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Tang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Du Y, Wan H, Huang P, Yang J, He Y. A critical review of Astragalus polysaccharides: From therapeutic mechanisms to pharmaceutics. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang Q, Liu J, Duan H, Li R, Peng W, Wu C. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling: An important molecular mechanism of herbal medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis via the protection of vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress. J Adv Res 2022; 34:43-63. [PMID: 35024180 PMCID: PMC8655139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, Nrf2/HO-1 has received extensive attention as the main regulatory pathway of intracellular defense against oxidative stress and is considered an ideal target for alleviating endothelial cell (EC) injury. Objectives This paper aimed to summarized the natural monomers/extracts that potentially exert protective effects against oxidative stress in ECs. Methods A literature search was carried out regarding our topic with the keywords of “atherosclerosis” or “Nrf2/HO-1” or “vascular endothelial cells” or “oxidative stress” or “Herbal medicine” or “natural products” or “natural extracts” or “natural compounds” or “traditional Chinese medicines” based on classic books of herbal medicine and scientific databases including Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, the Web of Science, GoogleScholar, BaiduScholar, and others. Then, we analyzed the possible molecular mechanisms for different types of natural compounds in the treatment of atherosclerosis via the protection of vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress. In addition, perspectives for possible future studies are discussed. Results These agents with protective effects against oxidative stress in ECs mainly include phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Most of these agents alleviate cell apoptosis in ECs due to oxidative stress, and the mechanisms are related to Nrf2/HO-1 signaling activation. However, despite continued progress in research on various aspects of natural agents exerting protective effects against EC injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, the development of new drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS) and other CVDs based on these agents will require more detailed preclinical and clinical studies. Conclusion Our present paper provides updated information of natural agents with protective activities on ECs against oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1. We hope this review will provide some directions for the further development of novel candidate drugs from natural agents for the treatment of AS and other CVDs.
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Key Words
- 7-HMR, (−)-7(S)-hydroxymatairesinol
- ADH, andrographolide
- AGE, advanced glycation end product
- AMP, Athyrium Multidentatum
- APV, aqueous extracts of Prunella Vulgaris
- ARE, antioxidant reaction elements
- AS, atherosclerosis
- ASD-IV, Astragaloside IV
- ASP, Angelica sinensis polysaccharide
- ASTP, Astragalus polysacharin
- Akt, protein kinase B
- Ang, Angiotensin
- ApoE, apolipoprotein E
- Atherosclerosis
- BAECs, bovine artery endothelial cells
- BBR, Berberine
- BITC, benzyl isothiocyanate
- C3G, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside
- CINM, Cinnamaldehyde
- CNC, Cap'n'collar
- CREB, cAMP-response element binding protein
- CVDs, cardiovascular diseases
- CVRF, cardiovascular risk factors
- DMY, Dihydromyricetin
- ECC, (−)-Epicatechin
- ECs, endothelial cells
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
- ERK, extracellular regulated protein kinases
- ET, endothelin
- EXS, Xanthoceras sorbifolia
- FFA, Fatty Acids
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- GSD Rg1, Ginsenoside Rg1
- GTE, Ganoderma tsugae extracts
- Gau A, Glaucocalyxin A
- HAMS, human anthocyanin medicated serum
- HG, high glucose
- HIF-1, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
- HO-1, heme oxygenase
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- HXC, Huoxue capsule
- Hcy, Homocysteine
- Herbal medicine
- ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule
- IL, interleukin
- KGRE, extracts of KGR
- KRG, Korean red ginseng
- Keap1, kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related proteins
- LWDH, Liuwei-Dihuang pill
- MA, maslinic acid
- MAPKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
- MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MCGA3, 3-O-caffeoyl-1-methylquinic acid
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1
- MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases
- Molecular mechanism
- NAF, Nepeta Angustifolia
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B
- NG, naringenin
- NQO1, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2
- Nrf2/HO-1 signaling
- OA, Oleanolic acid
- OMT, Oxymatrine
- OX-LDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein
- Oxidative stress
- PA, Palmitate
- PAA, Pachymic acid
- PAI-1, plasminogen activator Inhibitor-1
- PEITC, phenethyl isocyanate
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PT, Pterostilbene
- RBPC, phenolic extracts derived from rice bran
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAL, Salidroside
- SFN, sulforaphane
- SMT, Samul-Tang Tang
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Sal B, salvianolic acid B
- SchB, Schisandrin B
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TXA2, Thromboxane A2
- TrxR1, thioredoxin reductase-1
- US, uraemic serum
- VA, Vanillic acid
- VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule
- VEC, vascular endothelial cells
- VEI, vascular endothelial injury
- Vascular endothelial cells
- XAG, xanthoangelol
- XXT, Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablet
- Z-Lig, Z-ligustilide
- eNOS, endothelial NO synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Huxinyue Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ruolan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Li C, Pan XY, Ma M, Zhao J, Zhao F, Lv YP. Astragalus polysacharin inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma-like phenotypes in a murine HCC model through repression of M2 polarization of tumour-associated macrophages. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1533-1539. [PMID: 34726570 PMCID: PMC8567900 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1991384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Astragalus polysaccharin (APS), an extract of Astragalus propinquus Schischk, exerts antitumor effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). OBJECTIVE This study investigated the mechanism of action of APS in HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) were treated with APS (0, 8, 16 mg/mL) for 24 h. APS (16 mg/mL)-treated TAMs were co-cultured with MHCC97H/Huh7 cells for 24 h. Finally, BALB/c nude mice were divided into PBS, APS (50 mg/kg), APS (100 mg/kg), APS (200 mg/kg) groups: mice were inoculated with Huh7 cells to construct tumour xenograft model, followed by administration of APS (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) or PBS daily for 30 days. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumour growth, macrophage markers and proportions were measured. RESULTS APS 16 mg/mL treatment enhanced the expression of M1 macrophage markers (iNOS, IL-1β and TNF-α) and M1 macrophage proportions, while reducing the expression of M2 macrophage markers (IL-10, Arg-1) and M2 macrophage proportions in TAMs. Moreover, the APS-mediated M1 phenotype of TAMs significantly repressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion of MHCC97H and Huh7 cells. Moreover, APS (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) enhanced M1 macrophage proportions and reduced M2 macrophage proportions in the tumour tissues, and thus inhibited tumour growth of HCC. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS APS inhibits HCC-like phenotypes in a murine HCC model through repression of M2 polarization of TAMs. This work provides a novel theoretical basis for the application of APS in the clinical treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Department of Doppler Ultrasonic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin-You Pan
- Combined Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and West Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingyun Ma
- Combined Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and West Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatism Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fengda Zhao
- Combined Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and West Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ya-Ping Lv
- Combined Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and West Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- CONTACT Ya-Ping Lv Combined Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and West Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Chen Y, Wang J, Li J, Zhu J, Wang R, Xi Q, Wu H, Shi T, Chen W. Astragalus polysaccharide prevents ferroptosis in a murine model of experimental colitis and human Caco-2 cells via inhibiting NRF2/HO-1 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174518. [PMID: 34562468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and remitting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but current conventional drugs lack efficacy. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is an active ingredient of Astragalus membranaceus and has been shown to ameliorate experimental colitis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate how APS affects the ferroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in mice. Our data showed that APS administration attenuated total weight loss, colon length shortening, disease activity index (DAI) scores, histological damage, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the colon of DSS-challenged mice. Moreover, we observed that treatment with APS obviously inhibited ferroptosis in both DSS-challenged mice and RSL3-stimulated Caco-2 cells, as indicated by the decrease in the expression of ferroptosis-associated genes (PTGS2, FTH, and FTL) and the levels of surrogate ferroptosis markers (MDA, GSH, and iron load). Mechanistically, the inhibitory effects of APS on ferroptosis in DSS-challenged mice and RSL3-stimulated Caco-2 cells were associated with the NRF2/HO-1 pathway. Collectively, our findings identify a new role of APS in preventing ferroptosis in a murine model of experimental colitis and human Caco-2 cells via inhibiting NRF2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology of Digestive Tract, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology of Digestive Tract, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Juntao Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Jinghan Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Ruoqin Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Qinhua Xi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Hongya Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology of Digestive Tract, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Tongguo Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology of Digestive Tract, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China.
| | - Weichang Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology of Digestive Tract, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China.
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Biological and Cytoprotective Effect of Piper kadsura Ohwi against Hydrogen-Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human SW1353 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206287. [PMID: 34684868 PMCID: PMC8540341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in regulating a variety of physiological functions in living organisms and in the pathogenesis of articular cartilage diseases. Piper kadsura Ohwi is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used as a treatment for rheumatic pain, and the extracts have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, there is still no study related to cell protection by P. kadsura. The P. kadsura extracts (PKE) were obtained by microwave-assisted extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, and column chromatography separation. The extracts could effectively scavenge free radicals in the antioxidant test, the EC50 of extracts is approximately the same as vitamin C. PKE decreased the apoptosis of SW1353 cells treated with H2O2 and could upregulate the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD-2, GPx, and CAT) and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, as well as regulate PARP, thus conferring resistance to H2O2 attack. PKE protects cells against apoptosis caused by free radicals through the three pathways of JNK, MEK/ERK, and p38 by treatment with MAPK inhibitor. The identified components of PKE were bicyclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-ol-1,7,7-trimethyl-,(1S-endo)-, alpha-humulene, and hydroxychavicol by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
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Guo S, Li W, Chen F, Yang S, Huang Y, Tian Y, Xu D, Cao N. Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz regulates LPS-mediated mouse hepatitis through the TLR4-MyD88-NFκB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107692. [PMID: 34116287 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Feed corruption and poor breeding environment could cause widespread bacterial infection which could cause severe liver inflammation and lead to liver damage, even death. It has been proved that Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAMK) could improve the immunity of animal, but the mechanism of its protective effect on hepatitis has been rarely reported. This study investigated the protective effect of PAMK on mouse liver through LPS-induced liver inflammatory. The results showed that LPS caused swelling of hepatocytes, disappearance of hepatic cord structure and infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells, and LPS could up-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, IKBα and NFκB, increased cytokines IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α levels, enhance the levels of antioxidant enzymes CAT, GSH-PX, SOD, iNOs and MDA. PAMK pretreatment could relieved histopathological damage caused by LPS, and could activate the TLR4-MyD88-NFκB signalling pathway, reduce the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, increase IL-4 levels, inhibit the levels of GSH-PX and MDA. These results indicate that PAMK could reduce inflammatory damage and oxidative stress in mice and play a protective role in the early stages of LPS invasion of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Guo
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China.
| | - Wanyan Li
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China.
| | - Feiyue Chen
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China.
| | - Shuzhan Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China.
| | - Yunmao Huang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China.
| | - Yunbo Tian
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China.
| | - Danning Xu
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China.
| | - Nan Cao
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China.
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Effects of Traditional Chinese Medication-Based Bioactive Compounds on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3617498. [PMID: 34093958 PMCID: PMC8139859 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3617498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative stress reaction is the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation in the body, resulting in excessive production of oxygen free radicals in the body that cannot be removed, leading to excessive oxidation of the body, and causing damage to cells and tissues. A large number of studies have shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathological process of many diseases, so inhibiting oxidative stress, that is, antioxidation, is of great significance for the treatment of diseases. Studies have shown that many traditional Chinese medications contain antioxidant active bioactive compounds, but the mechanisms of those compounds are different and complicated. Therefore, by summarizing the literature on antioxidant activity of traditional Chinese medication-based bioactive compounds in recent years, our review systematically elaborates the main antioxidant bioactive compounds contained in traditional Chinese medication and their mechanisms, so as to provide references for the subsequent research.
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The water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides from natural resources against excessive oxidative stress: A potential health-promoting effect and its mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:320-330. [PMID: 33421468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides isolated from natural resources have become research hotpots in the field of food science and human health due to widely distributed in nature and low toxicity. It has indicated that the health-promoting effect of water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides were partly attributable to against excessive oxidative stress. Indeed, excessive oxidative stress in the body has been reported in occurrence of disease. The water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides from natural resources exhibit antioxidant activity to against oxidative stress via scavenging free radicals promoting antioxidant enzymes activity and/or regulating antioxidant signaling pathways. In this review, the water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides as medicine agent and the factor affecting antioxidant as well as the relationship between oxidative stress and disease are summarized, and the mechanisms of water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides therapy in disease are also discussed. It will provide a theoretical basis for natural polysaccharides used for the treatment of diseases.
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Zheng Y, Ren W, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu D, Liu Y. A Review of the Pharmacological Action of Astragalus Polysaccharide. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:349. [PMID: 32265719 PMCID: PMC7105737 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus) is a type of traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of clinical application. It is used in the improvement and treatment of various diseases as medicine and food to invigorate the spleen and replenish qi. The main components of A. membranaceus are Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), flavonoids compounds, saponins compounds, alkaloids, etc. APS is the most important natural active component in A. membranaceus, and possesses multiple pharmacological properties. At present, APS possess the huge potential to develop a drug improving or treating different diseases. In this review, we reveal the potential approaches of pre-treating and preparation on APS as much as possible and the study on content of APS and its chemical composition including different monosaccharides. More importantly, this paper summarize pharmacological actions on immune regulation, such as enhancing the immune organ index, promoting the proliferation of immune cells, stimulating the release of cytokines, and affecting the secretion of immunoglobulin and conduction of immune signals; anti-aging; anti-tumor by enhancing immunity, inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and inhibiting the proliferation and transfer of tumor cells; antiviral effects; regulation of blood glucose such as type I diabetes mellitus, type II diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications; lipid-lowering; anti-fibrosis; antimicrobial activities and anti-radiation. It provided theoretical basis for the further research such as its structure and mechanism of action, and clinical application of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zheng
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Ren
- Pharmacy College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- School of Education, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yuemei Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongling Liu
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Pharmacy College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Fan L, Li M, Cao FY, Zeng ZW, Li XB, Ma C, Ru JT, Wu XJ. Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cell injury in ATDC5 cells via miR-92a/KLF4 mediation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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