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Li X, Han W, Zhang Y, Tan D, Cui M, Wang S, Shi W. Multifunctional Hydrogels Based on γ-Polyglutamic Acid/Polyethyleneimine for Hemostasis and Wound Healing. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0063. [PMID: 39104745 PMCID: PMC11298251 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Current hemostatic materials have many shortcomings, such as biotoxicity or poor degradability, and do not effectively promote wound healing after hemostasis. To address these limitations, a hemostasis-promoting wound-healing hydrogel, polyglutamic acid/polyethyleneimine/montmorillonite (PPM), comprising polyglutamic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde-modified polyethyleneimine, and amino-modified montmorillonite (montmorillonite-NH2) was constructed in this study. Due to the excellent water absorption abilities of γ-polyglutamic acid, the PPM and polyglutamic acid/polyethyleneimine hydrogels could rapidly absorb the blood and tissue fluid exuded from the wound to keep the wound clean and accelerate the blood coagulation. The homogeneous distribution of montmorillonite-NH2 enhanced not only the mechanical properties of the hydrogel but also its hemostatic properties. In addition, the modification of polyethylenimine with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde provided anti-inflammatory effects and endorsed the wound healing. Cellular and blood safety experiments demonstrated the biocompatibility of the PPM hydrogel, and animal studies demonstrated that the PPM hydrogel effectively stopped bleeding and promoted wound healing. The concept design of clay-based hydrogel may create diverse opportunities for constructing hemostasis and wound-healing dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Li
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Han
- School of Materials and Chemistry,
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute,
Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Tan
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Min Cui
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shige Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry,
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Wenna Shi
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute,
Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, P. R. China
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2
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Ding Y, Chen Q. Recent advances on signaling pathways and their inhibitors in spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116938. [PMID: 38878684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious and disabling central nervous system injury. Its complex pathological mechanism can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction. It has been reported that signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathological process and neuronal recovery mechanism of SCI. Such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. According to reports, various stimuli and cytokines activate these signaling pathways related to SCI pathology, thereby participating in the regulation of pathological processes such as inflammation response, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and glial scar formation after injury. Activation or inhibition of relevant pathways can delay inflammatory response, reduce neuronal apoptosis, prevent glial scar formation, improve the microenvironment after SCI, and promote neural function recovery. Based on the role of signaling pathways in SCI, they may be potential targets for the treatment of SCI. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathway and its inhibitors may be beneficial to the development of SCI therapeutic targets and new drugs. This paper mainly summarizes the pathophysiological process of SCI, the signaling pathways involved in SCI pathogenesis, and the potential role of specific inhibitors/activators in its treatment. In addition, this review also discusses the deficiencies and defects of signaling pathways in SCI research. It is hoped that this study can provide reference for future research on signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of SCI and provide theoretical basis for SCI biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital,16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University),16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital,16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University),16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China.
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3
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Sun W, Lei Y, Jiang Z, Wang K, Liu H, Xu T. BPA and low-Se exacerbate apoptosis and mitophagy in chicken pancreatic cells by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00042-0. [PMID: 38311007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread environmental pollutant which has serious toxic effects on organisms. One of the crucial trace elements is selenium (Se), whose shortage can harm biological tissues and enhance the toxicity of contaminants, in which apoptosis and autophagy are core events. OBJECTIVES An in vivo model was established to investigate the effects of BPA and low-Se on chicken pancreatic tissue, and identify the possible potential molecular mechanism. METHODS A total of 80 1-day-old broiler chickens (Xinghua Chicken Farm, Harbin, China) were stochastically divided into 4 groups (n = 20/group): Control group, BPA group, low-Se group, and low-Se + BPA group. Pancreatic tissue was collected at day 42 to detect changes in markers. RESULTS First, the data showed that BPA and low-Se exposure gave rose to structural abnormalities in pancreatic tissue, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and homeostasis imbalance, apoptosis and mitophagy. In addition, the co-exposure of BPA and low-Se caused the most serious damage to pancreatic tissue. In terms of mechanism, it was found that apoptosis and mitophagy induced by BPA and low-Se were related to the activation of PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION In summary, the study found that BPA and low-Se exacerbated mitochondria damage, apoptosis and mitophagy by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yutian Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- Henan Beiai Natural Product Application and Development Engineering Research Center, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, Henan, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Huanyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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4
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Zhang D, Chen X, Liu B, Yuan Y, Cui W, Zhu D, Zhu J, Duan S, Li C. The Temporal and Spatial Changes of Autophagy and PI3K Isoforms in Different Neural Cells After Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5366-5377. [PMID: 37316758 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There are limited therapeutic options for patient with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Phosphoinositide 3-kinase family (PI3Ks) are the key molecules for regulating cell autophagy, which is a possible way of treating SCI. As we know, PI3K family are composed of eight isoforms, which are distributed into three classes. While the role of PI3Ks in regulating autophagy is controversial and the effects may be in a cell-specific manner. Different isoforms do not distribute in neural cells consistently and it is not clear how the PI3K isoforms regulate and interact with autophagy. Therefore, we explored the distributions and expression of different PI3K isoforms in two key neural cells (PC12 cells and astrocytes). The results showed that the expression of LC3II/I and p62, which are the markers of autophagy, changed in different patterns in PC12 cells and astrocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation injury (H/R). Furthermore, the mRNA level of eight PI3K isoforms did not change in the same way, and even for the same isoform the mRNA activities are different between PC12 cells and astrocytes. What is more, the results of western blot of PI3K isoforms after H/R were inconsistent with the relevant mRNA. Based on this study, the therapeutic effects of regulating autophagy on SCI are not confirmed definitely, and its molecular mechanisms may be related with different temporal and spatial patterns of activation and distributions of PI3K isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xuanyu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Capital Medical University Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, 100073, China
| | - Baoge Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jichao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Shuo Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
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Zhao Z, Gao K, Shao W, Lv C, Xu Z. Protocatechuic aldehyde promotes the functional recovery of spinal cord injury by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Spinal Cord Med 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36913540 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2023.2183329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA) in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying its pharmacological effects. DESIGN Male Sprague Dawley rat model of moderate spinal cord contusion were established. SETTING Third-class first-class hospital. OUTCOME MEASURES The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores and performance on the inclined plane test were evaluated. Histological analyses were performed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Apoptosis in the spinal cord and neurons was detected by 5 terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining. Apoptotic factors (Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3) were also evaluated. INOS, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, Wnt-3α, β-catenin, iBA-1, and NeuN were assessed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting (WB), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability and the immunofluorescence of IL-1β were measured in PC-12 cells. RESULTS Using WB and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, we confirmed that PCA treatment activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis in vivo and in vitro. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and hindlimb motor functional evaluation revealed that treatment with PCA improved tissue protection and functional recovery via the Wnt/β-catenin axis. The upregulation of TUNEL-positive cells, downregulation of neurons, elevated apoptosis-associated factors in rats, and increased apoptotic rates were observed in microglia and PC-12 after PCA application. Finally, PCA mitigated SCI-induced inflammation by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin axis. CONCLUSION This study provided preliminary evidence that PCA inhibits neuroinflammation and apoptosis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby attenuating the secondary injury after SCI and promoting the regeneration of injured spinal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhao
- Department of spinal surgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of spinal surgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Shao
- Department of spinal surgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoliang Lv
- Department of spinal surgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyang Xu
- Department of spinal surgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, People's Republic of China
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Li J, Liu W, Peng F, Cao X, Xie X, Peng C. The multifaceted biology of lncR-Meg3 in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Front Genet 2023; 14:1132884. [PMID: 36968595 PMCID: PMC10036404 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1132884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardio-cerebrovascular disease, related to high mortality and morbidity worldwide, is a type of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular dysfunction involved in various processes. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct additional research into the pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have multiple functions and are involved in nearly all cellular biological processes, including translation, transcription, signal transduction, and cell cycle control. LncR-Meg3 is one of them and is becoming increasingly popular. By binding proteins or directly or competitively binding miRNAs, LncR-Meg3 is involved in apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and other processes. Recent research has shown that LncR-Meg3 is associated with acute myocardial infarction and can be used to diagnose this condition. This article examines the current state of knowledge regarding the expression and regulatory function of LncR-Meg3 in relation to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The abnormal expression of LncR-Meg3 can influence neuronal cell death, inflammation, apoptosis, smooth muscle cell proliferation, etc., thereby aggravating or promoting the disease. In addition, we review the bioactive components that target lncR-Meg3 and propose some potential delivery vectors. A comprehensive and in-depth analysis of LncR-Meg3’s role in cardiovascular disease suggests that targeting LncR-Meg3 may be an alternative therapy in the near future, providing new options for slowing the progression of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine of MOE, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine of MOE, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine of MOE, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fu Peng, ; Xiaofang Xie, ; Cheng Peng,
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine of MOE, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine of MOE, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fu Peng, ; Xiaofang Xie, ; Cheng Peng,
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine of MOE, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fu Peng, ; Xiaofang Xie, ; Cheng Peng,
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Li JW, Zhang WC, Wu ZY, Liu H, Wang YC, Liu QS, Li SN, Lin YT, Hui AL. Synthesis of Quercetin-Acid Esters and Its Reduction of H 2 O 2 -Triggered PC12 Cells Damage by Down-Regulating ROS. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200897. [PMID: 36631429 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a kind of polyphenolic flavonoid compounds which has perfect antioxidant properties. However, quercetin is not available in many situations due to its poor bioavailability. In this work, the QAEs with better solubility and even stronger antioxidant properties were synthesized, through the esterification between quercetin and the chlorinated cinnamic acid or its derivatives, whose chlorination were achieved by using SOCl2 . The protective effects of the QAEs were evaluated by the H2 O2 -induced apoptosis experiment in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) and its ability to remove ROS generated by oxidative stress. Compared with the original quercetin group, the QAEs groups showed much improved cell viability and capability of removing ROS, which means their higher bioavailability than the parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wen Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Ze-Yu Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Yun-Chun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Qing-Song Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Yan-Ting Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Ai-Ling Hui
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
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The role of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Molecular mechanisms associated with the chemoprotective role of protocatechuic acid and its potential benefits in the amelioration of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: A review. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1713-1724. [PMID: 36561952 PMCID: PMC9764176 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in the 1960 s, doxorubicin (DOX) has constantly elicited the broadest spectrum of cancerocidal activity against human cancers. However, cardiotoxicity caused by DOX directly as well as its metabolites is a great source of concern over the continuous use of DOX in chemotherapy. While the exact mechanism of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is yet to be completely understood, recent studies indicate oxidative stress, inflammation, and several forms of cell death as key pathogenic mechanisms that underpin the etiology of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Notably, these key mechanistic events are believed to be negatively regulated by 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid or protocatechuic acid (PCA)-a plant-based phytochemical with proven anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Here, we review the experimental findings detailing the potential ameliorative effects of PCA under exposure to DOX. We also discuss molecular insights into the pathophysiology of DIC, highlighting the potential intervention points where the use of PCA as a veritable chemoprotective agent may ameliorate DOX-induced cardiotoxicities as well as toxicities due to other anticancer drugs like cisplatin. While we acknowledge that controlled oral administration of PCA during chemotherapy may be insufficient to eliminate all toxicities due to DOX treatment, we propose that the ability of PCA to block oxidative stress, attenuate inflammation, and abrogate several forms of cardiomyocyte cell death underlines its great promise in the amelioration of DIC.
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He X, Li Y, Deng B, Lin A, Zhang G, Ma M, Wang Y, Yang Y, Kang X. The PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in inflammation, cell death and glial scar formation after traumatic spinal cord injury: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13275. [PMID: 35754255 PMCID: PMC9436900 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objects Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) causes neurological dysfunction below the injured segment of the spinal cord, which significantly impacts the quality of life in affected patients. The phosphoinositide 3kinase/serine‐threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway offers a potential therapeutic target for the inhibition of secondary TSCI. This review summarizes updates concerning the role of the PI3K/AKT pathway in TSCI. Materials and Methods By searching articles related to the TSCI field and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, we summarized the mechanisms of secondary TSCI and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; we also discuss current and potential future treatment methods for TSCI based on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Results Early apoptosis and autophagy after TSCI protect the body against injury; a prolonged inflammatory response leads to the accumulation of pro‐inflammatory factors and excessive apoptosis, as well as excessive autophagy in the surrounding normal nerve cells, thus aggravating TSCI in the subacute stage of secondary injury. Initial glial scar formation in the subacute phase is a protective mechanism for TSCI, which limits the spread of damage and inflammation. However, mature scar tissue in the chronic phase hinders axon regeneration and prevents the recovery of nerve function. Activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway can inhibit the inflammatory response and apoptosis in the subacute phase after secondary TSCI; inhibiting this pathway in the chronic phase can reduce the formation of glial scar. Conclusion The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway has an important role in the recovery of spinal cord function after secondary injury. Inducing the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the subacute phase of secondary injury and inhibiting this pathway in the chronic phase may be one of the potential strategies for the treatment of TSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang He
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aixin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Miao Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Kim HS, Choi JA, Kim BY, Ferrer L, Choi JM, Wendisch VF, Lee JH. Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum as the Platform for the Production of Aromatic Aldehydes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:880277. [PMID: 35646884 PMCID: PMC9133326 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.880277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic aldehydes, including 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HB aldehyde), protocatechuic (PC) aldehyde, and vanillin, are used as important flavors, fragrances, and pharmaceutical precursors and have several biological and therapeutic effects. Production of aromatic aldehydes in microbial hosts poses a challenge due to its rapid and endogenous reduction to alcohols. To address this hurdle, prospecting of the genome of Corynebacterium glutamicum yielded 27 candidate proteins that were used in comprehensive screening with a 4-hydroxybenzyl (4-HB) alcohol–producing strain. We identified that NCgl0324 has aromatic aldehyde reductase activity and contributed to 4-HB aldehyde reduction in vivo since the NCgl0324 deletion strain HB-Δ0324 produced 1.36 g/L of 4-HB aldehyde, that is, about 188% more than its parental strain. To demonstrate that NCgl0324 knockout can also improve production of PC aldehyde and vanillin, first, a basal MA303 strain that produces protocatechuate was engineered from 4-hydroxybenzoate-synthesizing C. glutamicum APS963, followed by deletion of NCgl0324 to generate PV-Δ0324. The PC aldehyde/alcohol or vanillin/vanillyl alcohol biosynthetic pathways, respectively, were able to be expanded from protocatechuate upon introduction of carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) and catechol O-methyltransferase encoded by a mutated comtm gene. In shake flask culture, the resulting NCgl0324 deletion strains PV-IΔ0324 and PV-IYΔ0324 were shown to produce 1.18 g/L PC aldehyde and 0.31 g/L vanillin, respectively. Thus, modulation of the identified NCgl0324 gene was shown to have the potential to boost production of valuable aromatic aldehydes and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Song Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jung-A Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Bu-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Lenny Ferrer
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jung-Min Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Volker F. Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jin-Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin-Ho Lee,
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Zhang S, Gai Z, Gui T, Chen J, Chen Q, Li Y. Antioxidant Effects of Protocatechuic Acid and Protocatechuic Aldehyde: Old Wine in a New Bottle. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6139308. [PMID: 34790246 PMCID: PMC8592717 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6139308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are naturally present as secondary metabolites in plant-based sources such as fruits, vegetables, and spices. They have received considerable attention for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties for protection against many chronic disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. They are categorized into various groups based on their chemical structure and include phenolic acids, flavonoids, curcumins, tannins, and quinolones. Their structural variations contribute to their specific beneficial effects on human health. The antioxidant property of phenolic compounds protects against oxidative stress by up-regulation of endogenous antioxidants, scavenging free radicals, and anti-apoptotic activity. Protocatechuic acid (PCA; 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL; 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) are naturally occurring polyphenols found in vegetables, fruits, and herbs. PCA and PAL are the primary metabolites of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, which have been shown to possess pharmacological actions including antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of PCA and PAL by comprehensively summarizing their pharmacological properties reported to date, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Juanli Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- The Third Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Lu DY, Sun J, Zheng J, Zheng L, Xue WN, Li C, He B, Wang YL, Li YJ, Liu T. Shenxiong glucose injection inhibits H 2O 2-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis by activating the ERK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112114. [PMID: 34474350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shenxiong glucose injection (SGI) is a traditional Chinese medicine injection composed of water extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Ligustrazine hydrochloride. SGI has shown strong antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-apoptotic effect need to be addressed. METHODS H9c2 cell apoptosis model was established by treatment of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cell survival rates were examined by MTS assay, cell apoptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry, levels of intracellular ROS were assessed by ROS kit, proteome phosphorylation was determined by phosphoproteomic analysis, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylated ERK, phosphorylated c-Jun, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 were examined by Western blot. RESULT SGI showed protective effects against H2O2-induced reduced cell viability, elevated ROS, and increased apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Phosphorylation proteomics detected a total of 3369 proteins with 78 protein of upregulated phosphorylation and 104 protein of downregulated phosphorylation. Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of differentially phosphorylated proteins showed that the ERK pathway, the downstream pathway of the focal adhesion pathway related to apoptosis, was highly enriched, and the phosphorylation levels of ERK and c-Jun were confirmed by Western blot. In addition, the ERK pathway inhibitor PD98059 significantly inhibited the anti-apoptotic effect of SGI. CONCLUSION SGI antagonizes H2O2-induced cell apoptosis by activating the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yan Lu
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei-Na Xue
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Bin He
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong-Jun Li
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China.
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Tsao HC, Liao YF, Pratiwi FW, Mou CY, Lin YJ, Pan CY, Chen YT. Zn 2+-Depletion Enhances Lysosome Fission in Cultured Rat Embryonic Cortical Neurons Revealed by a Modified Epifluorescence Microscopic Technique. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:420-424. [PMID: 33487212 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620024940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are integration hubs for several signaling pathways, such as autophagy and endocytosis, and also crucial stores of ions, including Zn2+. Lysosomal dysfunction caused by changes in their morphology by fusion and fission processes can result in several pathological disorders. However, the role of Zn2+ in modulating the morphology of lysosomes is unclear. The resolution of conventional epifluorescence microscopy restricts accurate observation of morphological changes of subcellular fluorescence punctum. In this study, we used a modified epifluorescence microscopy to identify the center of a punctum from a series of z-stack images and calculate the morphological changes. We stained primary cultured rat embryonic cortical neurons with FluoZin3, a Zn2+-sensitive fluorescent dye, and Lysotracker, a lysosome-specific marker, to visualize the distribution of Zn2+-enriched vesicles and lysosomes, respectively. Our results revealed that treating neurons with N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine, a cell-permeable Zn2+ chelator, shrank Zn2+-enriched vesicles and lysosomes by up to 25% in an hour. Pretreating the neurons with YM201636, a blocker of lysosome fission, could suppress this shrinkage. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the modified epifluorescence microscopy for investigating the homeostasis of intracellular organelles and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chun Tsao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Feng Liao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jhen Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yuan Pan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Yit-Tsong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
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He X, Guo X, Ma Z, Li Y, Kang J, Zhang G, Gao Y, Liu M, Chen H, Kang X. Grape seed proanthocyanidins protect PC12 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced damage via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2021; 750:135793. [PMID: 33667598 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) are natural flavonoids with strong antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis are major contributors to spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we assessed the potential protective effects of GSP on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-damaged pheochromocytoma-12 (PC12) cells in an in vitro model of SCI as well as the putative mechanism of action. We established a model using PC12 cells with oxidative damage induced by H2O2. Cells were treated with various concentrations of GSP (control group, 200 μmol/L H2O2 group, 5 μM GSP + H2O2 group, 10 μM GSP + H2O2 group, and 25 μM GSP + H2O2 group). The CCK-8 assay was used to determine cell activity. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and flow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis rate. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and PI3K/AKT proteins. The results showed that GSP reduced H2O2-induced intracellular ROS and inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, GSP inhibited the expression of caspase-3 and Bax, while promoting the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, GSP promoted the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. Moreover, a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) weakened the protective effects of GSP on H2O2-induced PC12 cells. In conclusion, GSP pretreatment can protect PC12 cells from oxidative damage induced by H2O2 via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang He
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zhanjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Ying Li
- General Practice Medicine, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Jihe Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yicheng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Mingqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Haiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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