Vestibular assessment and management in adults: South African audiologists’ expressed level of confidence and knowledge explored

Development and Utility of an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Code Set for Younger-Old Adults With Fall Risk: Implications for Audiologists

Purpose:

Falling is a multifactorial condition that can cause severe injury and even death in older adults. Early identification of fall risk factors, as the first step of preventive health care, can assist in reducing the negative and often debilitating effects of falls in older adults. By using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework to develop an ICF code set to identify fall risk factors in older adults, health care practitioners could obtain health information in a multidimensional way.

Method:

This study describes the final phase of a comprehensive, three-phase, mixed-methods sequential study. For this third phase, a pre–post group design that focused on the audiologist's perceptions of the clinical utility of a newly developed ICF code set was employed. The questionnaire that was used for this purpose consisted of two distinct sections: clinical application and clinical utility (viz., appropriateness, accessibility, practicability, acceptability, and professional utility). Thirty practicing audiologists participated in the study. Data were analyzed for each of the two sections of the questionnaire.

Results:

Results related to clinical application indicated that regardless of the audiologists' experience in routine fall risk assessment or fall risk factor identification, the use of the developed ICF code set increased their ability to correctly identify relevant clinical aspects. Results related to clinical utility showed high scores across all five measure components, with the highest clinical utility component being acceptability, closely followed by appropriateness and professional utility, and the lowest being accessibility.

Conclusion:

Several clinical implications have emerged from this study, including the usefulness of the ICF code set to identify and document fall risk factors in older adults, the code set's ability to guide audiologists to determine individualized assessment needs either by themselves or by other health care disciplines, and that the code set could be used by audiologists regardless of their experience in vestibular assessments.

Factors influencing speech language pathologists' and audiologists' decision to pursue postgraduate studies in South Africa

BACKGROUND

Factors that influence various professionals to pursue postgraduate studies have been investigated. However, there is a dearth of evidence of factors that influence South African speech language pathologists (SLPs) and audiologists (As) to pursue their postgraduate studies.

OBJECTIVE

Therefore, this study aimed to determine factors that influence the decision of South African SLPs and As to pursue postgraduate studies and potential barriers to this pursuit.

METHOD

A quantitative survey research methodology with a cross-sectional research design was adopted, where a 21-item web-based survey was used to survey 127 speech therapists, As and speech therapists and As from across the country. All participants were qualified and registered with the Health Professionals Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Ethical clearance and permission from relevant stakeholders were obtained. Data were analysed descriptively.

RESULTS

The findings suggested that over half of the participants pursued their postgraduate studies to fulfil a personal goal and improve their knowledge, whilst others did it to develop expertise and for job opportunities. Participants highlighted that a lack of time and funding, heavy workloads and bad experiences during their undergraduate studies were the main barriers to pursuing postgraduate studies. Whilst community service was not a barrier per se, participants felt that it delayed them from beginning their postgraduate studies immediately.

CONCLUSION

The findings of this study highlighted the urgent need for institutions of higher learning, government and other stakeholders to provide the necessary support for SLPs and As in South Africa to pursue postgraduate studies.

What Are the Current Audiological Practices for Ototoxicity Assessment and Management in the South African Healthcare Context?

The study was an initial exploration of the current ototoxicity assessment and management practices by audiologists in South Africa. An exploratory survey research methodology through a cross-sectional research design was adopted where audiologists were recruited from professional associations' databases in South Africa, using specific inclusion criteria. The study made use of an 18-item web-based survey guided by the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) (2018) guidelines which were developed from reviewing international guidelines such as the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA,1994) and the American Academy of Audiology (AAA, 2009). The study surveyed 31 audiologists from across the country. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Findings implied significant gaps between knowledge and translation of this knowledge into practice. Over two thirds of the participants engage with ototoxicity monitoring and management, but the practices adopted by them do not align with international standards nor with the national HPCSA guidelines on assessment and management of patients on ototoxic medications. Most participants do not conduct baseline assessments, and the frequency of monitoring is irregular and reduced from the recommended; thus influencing ability for early detection and intervention of ototoxicity within this context. Non-standard assessment battery is used for assessment and monitoring, raising questions about the reliability and validity of the data used to make preventive treatment decisions. Lack of collaborative work between audiologists and the rest of the clinical team involved in the treatment of patients on ototoxic medications was found to be an important contributing factor to the less than optimal ototoxicity management practices. Of factors potentially influencing adherence to guidelines, the institution of employment, specifically employment in a tuberculosis hospital, seemed to have a positive influence, possibly due to the focused nature of the audiologists' scope of practice there as well as availability of resources. The level of education appeared to have no influence. Current findings provide contextually relevant evidence on ototoxicity assessment and management within this context. They raise important implications for guidelines adherence and translating knowledge, policies and guidelines into practice, clinical assessment and management protocols followed, appropriate resource allocation per programme, as well as strategic planning for national ototoxicity assessment and management programmes in context. The findings also raise important implications for low- and middle-income countries, in terms of adopting international guidelines without considering context.