Tuberculosis: the implications for anaesthesia

Pediatric lower respiratory tract infection: Considerations for the anesthesiologist

Neonatal and childhood infectious diseases continue to be a global health problem. Acute respiratory tract infections are typically classified as upper respiratory tract infection and lower respiratory tract infections. The most common lower respiratory infections in childhood are pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Vaccination against measles, diphtheria, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus, and influenza resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of acute respiratory tract infection globally. Though the global burden of the disease has decreased, the mortality rates still are higher in developing countries. Patients with severe lower respiratory tract infections and their complications are often evaluated for elective or emergency procedures. In this review article, the authors aim to discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, preoperative evaluation of lower respiratory tract infections, and the anesthesia implications pertinent to the practice of anesthesia.

Tuberculosis and oral healthcare provision

Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable and curable infection, but remains a significant cause of death. The dental team is likely to encounter patients with a history of TB, however, at present there is limited guidance available to inform the provision of oral healthcare for this patient group. This may lead to confusion with delays in care. There is a potential health risk posed to patients and co-workers by a member of the dental team who becomes infected. TB has the potential to be a major issue for oral healthcare in the United Kingdom (UK). This paper discusses the implications for both patient care and management of the dental team.