1
|
Azab SM, Shanmuganathan M, de Souza RJ, Kroezen Z, Desai D, Williams NC, Morrison KM, Atkinson SA, Teo KK, Azad MB, Simons E, Moraes TJ, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Britz-McKibbin P, Anand SS. Early sex-dependent differences in metabolic profiles of overweight and adiposity in young children: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Med 2023; 21:176. [PMID: 37158942 PMCID: PMC10166631 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a global health concern and can lead to lifetime cardiometabolic disease. New advances in metabolomics can provide biochemical insights into the early development of obesity, so we aimed to characterize serum metabolites associated with overweight and adiposity in early childhood and to stratify associations by sex. METHODS Nontargeted metabolite profiling was conducted in the Canadian CHILD birth cohort (discovery cohort) at age 5 years (n = 900) by multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Clinical outcome was defined using novel combined measures of overweight (WHO-standardized body mass index ≥ 85th percentile) and/or adiposity (waist circumference ≥ 90th percentile). Associations between circulating metabolites and child overweight/adiposity (binary and continuous outcomes) were determined by multivariable linear and logistic regression, adjusting for covariates and false discovery rate, and by subsequent sex-stratified analysis. Replication was assessed in an independent replication cohort called FAMILY at age 5 years (n = 456). RESULTS In the discovery cohort, each standard deviation (SD) increment of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, glutamic acid, threonine, and oxoproline was associated with 20-28% increased odds of overweight/adiposity, whereas each SD increment of the glutamine/glutamic acid ratio was associated with 20% decreased odds. All associations were significant in females but not in males in sex-stratified analyses, except for oxoproline that was not significant in either subgroup. Similar outcomes were confirmed in the replication cohort, where associations of aromatic amino acids, leucine, glutamic acid, and the glutamine/glutamic acid ratio with childhood overweight/adiposity were independently replicated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the utility of combining measures of both overweight and adiposity in young children. Childhood overweight/adiposity at age 5 years has a specific serum metabolic phenotype, with the profile being more prominent in females compared to males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandi M Azab
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Meera Shanmuganathan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zachary Kroezen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dipika Desai
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie C Williams
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Koon K Teo
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pulmonary embolism and 529 human blood metabolites: genetic correlation and two-sample Mendelian randomization study. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:69. [PMID: 36038828 PMCID: PMC9422150 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of pulmonary embolism complications in the literature ranges from 10 to 50%, with a 0.5-10% risk of fatal pulmonary embolism. However, the biological cause of pulmonary embolism is unknown. METHODS This study used data from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of Pulmonary Embolism and Human Blood Metabolites from the UK Biobank, and the data from subjects of European ancestry were analyzed. We explored the relationship between pulmonary embolism and blood metabolites in three ways. We first analyzed the genetic correlation between pulmonary embolism and human blood metabolites using the linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and then analyzed the causal relationship between pulmonary embolism and meaningful blood metabolites obtained from the LDSC, a procedure for which we used Mendelian randomization analysis. Finally, we obtained transcriptome sequencing data for patients with a pulmonary embolism from the GEO database, analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients with pulmonary embolism versus healthy populations, and compared the DEGs with the resulting blood metabolite genes to further validate the relationship between pulmonary embolism and blood metabolites. RESULT We found six human blood metabolites genetically associated with pulmonary embolism, stearic acid glycerol phosphate ethanolamine (correlation coefficient = 0.2582, P = 0.0493), hydroxytryptophan (correlation coefficient = 0.2894, P = 0.0435), and N1-methyladenosine (correlation coefficient = 0.0439, P = 0.3728), and a significant causal relationship was discovered between hydroxytryptophan and pulmonary embolism. After screening microarray data from the GEO database, we performed differential gene analysis on the GSE19151 dataset and screened a total of 22,216 genes with P values less than 0.05, including 17,361 upregulated genes and 4854 downregulated genes. By comparing the resulting differentially expressed genes with six genes encoding blood metabolites, LIPC and NAT2 were found to be differentially expressed in association with pulmonary embolism.
Collapse
|
3
|
Metabolic Status of Lean and Obese Zucker Rats Based on Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Serum. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010153. [PMID: 35052832 PMCID: PMC8773868 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is growing worldwide epidemic. Animal models can provide some clues about the etiology, development, prevention, and treatment of obesity. We examined and compared serum metabolites between seven lean (L) and seven obese (O) female Zucker rats to investigate the individual serum metabolic profile. A combination of HPLC-UV, HPLC-ECD, and LC-MS revealed more than 400 peaks. The 50 highest quality peaks were selected as the focus of our study. Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed significantly higher mean peak heights for 20 peaks in L rats, generally distributed randomly, except for a cluster (peaks 44–50) where L showed stable dominancy over O. Only eight peaks were significantly higher in O rats. Peak height ratios between pairs of L and O rats were significantly higher at 199 positions in L rats and at 123 positions in O rats. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed significantly higher levels of methionine, cysteine, tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and cysteine/cystine ratio in L rats and significantly higher levels of cystine and tyrosine in O rats. These results contribute to a better understanding of systemic metabolic perturbations in the obese Zucker rat model, emphasizing the value of both whole metabolome and individual metabolic profiles in the design and interpretation of studies using animal models.
Collapse
|