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Mishra D, Yadav R, Pratap Singh R, Taneja A, Tiwari R, Khare P. The incorporation of lemongrass oil into chitosan-nanocellulose composite for bioaerosol reduction in indoor air. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117407. [PMID: 34049138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bioaerosols present in indoor air play a major role in the transmission of infectious diseases to humans, therefore concern about their exposure is increased recently. In this regard, the present investigation described the preparation of lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) loaded chitosan and cellulose nanofibers composites (CH/CNF) for controlling the indoor air bioaerosol. The evaluation of the inhibitory effect of the composite system on culturable bacteria of the indoor air was done at different sites (air volume from 30 m3 to 80 m3) and in different size fractions of aerosol (<0.25 μm-2.5 μm). The composite system had high encapsulation efficiency (88-91%) and citrals content. A significant reduction in culturable bacteria of aerosol (from 6.23 log CFUm-3 to 2.33 log CFUm-3) was observed in presence of cellulose nanofibers and chitosan composites. The bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pseudomycoides sp., Pseudomonas otitidis, and Pseudomonas sp. Cf0-3 in bioaerosols were inhibited dominantly due to the diffusion of aroma molecules in indoor air. The results indicate that the interaction of diffused aroma molecule from the composite system with bacterial strains enhanced the production of ROS, resulting in loss of membrane integrity of bacterial cells. Among different size fractions of aerosol, the composite system was more effective in finer size fractions (<0.25 μm) of aerosol due to the interaction of smaller aroma compounds with bacterial cells. The study revealed that LGEO loaded chitosan and cellulose nanofibers composites could be a good option for controlling the culturable bacteria even in small-sized respirable bioaerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Mishra
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Ranu Yadav
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Raghvendra Pratap Singh
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Ajay Taneja
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, 282002, India
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, 282002, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Pal KK, Dey R, Sherathia DN, Devidayal, Mangalassery S, Kumar A, Rupapara RB, Mandaliya M, Rawal P, Bhadania RA, Thomas M, Patel MB, Maida P, Nawade BD, Ahmad S, Dash P, Radhakrishnan T. Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Peanut by Application of Endophytic Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:650771. [PMID: 33936008 PMCID: PMC8079962 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.650771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of salinity affects 7% of the world’s land surface, acting as a major constraint to crop productivity. This study attempted to use the co-evolving endophytes of peanut to alleviate salinity stress and enhance the yield of peanut. Diverse and different tissue colonizing endophytes were isolated from peanut and screened in vitro by seed germination bioassay imposing gradients of salinity, with two cultivars TG37A (susceptible) and GG2 (moderately resistant), in potted conditions using saline irrigation water. Finally, nine endophytes capable of producing IAA and ACC-deaminase, promoting root growth and yield in potted conditions were selected for further evaluation in field conditions. They were evaluated with saline water (1.5–2.0 dS/m) in saline soil with susceptible cultivar TG37A. Simultaneously, three endophytes (Bacillus firmus J22N; Bacillus tequilensis SEN15N; and Bacillus sp. REN51N) were evaluated with two cultivars, GG2 and TG37A, during rainy and post-rainy seasons with elevated salinity. The application of endophytes like Bacillus firmus J22N and Bacillus sp. REN51N enhanced the pod and haulm yield of peanuts by 14–19% across cultivars, salinity, and seasons. In addition, there was significant modulation in parameters like relative water content; production of enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), lipid peroxidase (POD), and H2O2 content in leaf; and uptake of potassium. The activities of the enzymes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased with salinity, and further increased with endophytes like Bacillus firmus J22N, Bacillus tequilensis SEN15N, and Bacillus sp. REN51N. There was an enhanced accumulation of proline, reduced level of phenol and H2O2, and enhanced uptake of potassium with the inoculation of endophytes. This improved scavenging capacity of plants by endophytic modulation of ROS scavengers, uptake of K, production of ACC deaminase and IAA, root and biomass growth, modulation in relative water content, and enhanced accumulation of osmoprotectant might be the reasons of alleviation of salinity stress. Endophytes could have alleviated salinity stress in peanuts, indicating the mechanisms and potential of peanuts at the field level. These endophytes could be applied to bring agricultural sustainability to salinity-affected areas in the future. Furthermore, few genera viz. Kocuria, Brevundimonas, Agrococcus, Dietzia, and Kytococcus were observed in peanut tissue for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal K Pal
- Section of Microbiology, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India
| | - Rinku Dey
- Section of Microbiology, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India
| | - Dharmesh N Sherathia
- Section of Microbiology, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India
| | - Devidayal
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Kukma, India
| | | | - Arvind Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Rupal B Rupapara
- Section of Microbiology, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India
| | - Mona Mandaliya
- Section of Microbiology, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India
| | - Priya Rawal
- Section of Microbiology, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India
| | - Roshani A Bhadania
- Section of Microbiology, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India
| | - Manesh Thomas
- Section of Microbiology, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India
| | - Mili B Patel
- Section of Microbiology, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India
| | - Priyanka Maida
- Section of Microbiology, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India
| | - Bhagwat D Nawade
- Section of Microbiology, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India
| | - Suhail Ahmad
- Section of Microbiology, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India
| | - Pitabas Dash
- Section of Microbiology, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India
| | - T Radhakrishnan
- Section of Microbiology, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India
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