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Nwosu GO, Powell JA, Pitson SM. Targeting the integrated stress response in hematologic malignancies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:94. [DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWhile numerous targeted therapies have been recently adopted to improve the treatment of hematologic malignancies, acquired or intrinsic resistance poses a significant obstacle to their efficacy. Thus, there is increasing need to identify novel, targetable pathways to further improve therapy for these diseases. The integrated stress response is a signaling pathway activated in cancer cells in response to both dysregulated growth and metabolism, and also following exposure to many therapies that appears one such targetable pathway for improved treatment of these diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of the integrated stress response in the biology of hematologic malignancies, its critical involvement in the mechanism of action of targeted therapies, and as a target for pharmacologic modulation as a novel strategy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Rellick SL, Hu G, Piktel D, Martin KH, Geldenhuys WJ, Nair RR, Gibson LF. Co-culture model of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia recapitulates a transcription signature of chemotherapy-refractory minimal residual disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15840. [PMID: 34349149 PMCID: PMC8339057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by accumulation of immature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, a well-established sanctuary site for leukemic cell survival during treatment. While standard of care treatment results in remission in most patients, a small population of patients will relapse, due to the presence of minimal residual disease (MRD) consisting of dormant, chemotherapy-resistant tumor cells. To interrogate this clinically relevant population of treatment refractory cells, we developed an in vitro cell model in which human ALL cells are grown in co-culture with human derived bone marrow stromal cells or osteoblasts. Within this co-culture, tumor cells are found in suspension, lightly attached to the top of the adherent cells, or buried under the adherent cells in a population that is phase dim (PD) by light microscopy. PD cells are dormant and chemotherapy-resistant, consistent with the population of cells that underlies MRD. In the current study, we characterized the transcriptional signature of PD cells by RNA-Seq, and these data were compared to a published expression data set derived from human MRD B-cell ALL patients. Our comparative analyses revealed that the PD cell population is markedly similar to the MRD expression patterns from the primary cells isolated from patients. We further identified genes and key signaling pathways that are common between the PD tumor cells from co-culture and patient derived MRD cells as potential therapeutic targets for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Rellick
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Debra Piktel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Karen H Martin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Rajesh R Nair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Laura F Gibson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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